资源简介 怀柔区2012—2013学年度第一学期期末试卷初 三 化 学(满分:80分 时间:100分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:C=12 O=16 Cl=35.5 Ca=40 Fe=56 Cu=64 一、选择题(25分,每小题1分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意,请在答题卡的相应位置上作答)1.空气成分中,体积分数最大的是A.氮气 B.氧气 C.二氧化碳 D.稀有气体2.不属于氢氧化钠俗名的是A.火碱 B.纯碱 C.烧碱 D.苛性钠3.下列变化中,属于化学变化的是A.蜡烛燃烧 B.冰雪融化 C.香水挥发 D.干冰升华4.下列物质中,属于氧化物的是A.食盐????? B.干冰?? C.火碱????? D.矿泉水5.下列物质在氧气中燃烧,火星四射,有黑色固体生成的是A.红磷 B.木炭 C.氢气 D.铁丝6.下列物质中,属于溶液的是A.牛奶 B.豆浆 C.冰水 D.糖水7.下图所示实验操作正确的是 8.下列符号中,表示两个氢分子的是 A. H2 B. 2H C. 2H+ D. 2H29.下列物质露置于空气中,质量不变的是 A.石灰水 B.氯化钠 C.浓盐酸 D.浓硫酸10.氧元素和碳元素的本质区别是 A.原子核内的中子数不同 B.相对原子质量不同 C.电子数不同 D.原子核内的质子数不同11.喝牛奶可以补钙,这里的“钙”指的是 A.分子 B.原子 C.元素 D.单质12.水果散发出诱人的香味,你能闻到香味的原因是A. 分子的质量很小 B.分子在不断运动C. 分子之间有间隔 D. 分子的体积很小13.房屋发生火灾时,消防队员用高压水枪喷水灭火,其主要目的是A.隔绝空气?? B.隔绝可燃物???? C.改变可燃物性质?? D.降低可燃物的温度14.能保持氧气化学性质的是 A. 氧分子 B. 氧原子 C. 氧离子 D.氧元素15.在使用燃气热水器时,若通风不畅会产生使人中毒的气体是A.氧气 B.氮气 C.一氧化碳 D.二氧化碳16.日常生活中除去油污的方法很多,下列现象不属于乳化的是 A.修车工用汽油洗去手上的油污 B.洗发精洗去头发上的油脂 C.洗面奶洗去皮肤上的油脂 D.洗洁精洗去餐具上的油污17.右图表示的基本反应类型是A.化合反应 B.分解反应C.置换反应 D.复分解反应18.下列物质的用途,是利用其化学性质的是A.活性炭除去冰箱内的异味 B.金刚石刻划玻璃C.干冰进行人工降雨 D.稀硫酸除铁锈19.右图是元素周期表中银元素的信息示意图,对图中信息理解不正确的是:A.该元素为金属元素 B.相对原子质量为107.9C.元素符号为Ag D.质子数和中子数均为4720.分子和原子的主要区别是 A.分子质量大,原子质量小 B.分子能直接构成物质,原子不能直接构成物质 C.分子间有空隙,原子间无空隙 D.在化学反应中,分子可分,原子不可分21.将50g质量分数为20%的氯化钾溶液稀释到200g,稀释后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是A.1% B.5% C.10% D.20% 22.根据下图所示的实验现象,下列判断不正确的是 A.现象①②说明物质燃烧需要氧气 B.现象①说明白磷的着火点不高于80℃ C.现象②③说明两种可燃物的着火点均高于80℃ D.现象①③说明两种可燃物的着火点不同23.为了鉴别二氧化碳、氧气、空气三种气体,可以选用的最佳方法是A.将气体分别通入水中 B.将气体分别通入澄清石灰水中C.分别将带火星的木条伸入气体中 D.将燃着的木条分别伸入气体中24.探究小组用右图装置进行实验。胶头滴管和集气瓶中分别盛装某种物质,挤压胶头滴管向集气瓶中滴加适量液体后,能观察到气球变大的组合是组合胶头滴管集气瓶 A稀硫酸Na2CO3B稀盐酸ZnC水硝酸铵D浓硫酸水25.等质量的M、N两种金属,分别与相同质量分数的足量稀盐酸反应(已知M、N在生成物中均为+2价),生成氢气质量和反应时间的关系如下图所示,下列叙述正确的是A.M、N两种金属中较活泼的是NB.生成H2的质量M<NC.相对原子质量较大的是ND.产生H2的速率N>M二、填空题(30分,请在答题卡的相应位置上作答)26.(5分)空气、水和土壤是人类赖以生存的自然资源,我们要保护它。(1)由于森林的过量砍伐、草场大面积开垦,土地出现沙漠化,导致了沙尘暴。沙尘暴使空气中增加了大量的 。(填字母,下同)。 A.可吸入颗粒物 B.一氧化碳 C.二氧化氮 D.二氧化硫(2)鱼类可在“水”中呼吸,是因为“水”中含有一定量的_____。 A.氧原子 B.氧元素 C.氧气 D.氧分子(3)在水的净化过程中,除去水中难溶性杂质的方法是 ,自来水厂常用二氧化氯(ClO2)消毒,其中氯元素的化合价为 。(4)在农业上用于改良酸性土壤的碱是 。 27.(7分)宏观、微观、符号是化学学科的特征,请按要求回答问题:(1)水是由 元素组成的,水是由 构成的。(2)用化学用语书写:①地壳中含量最多的元素 ②两个水分子 ③三个钠离子 (3)依据图示回答:下图是某反应的微观示意图 ①表示化合物的是 。(填序号) ②该反应的化学方程式是______。28.(5分)下表是氯化钠和硝酸钾不同温度的溶解度,按要求回答问题:?温度/℃2030405060溶解度/gNaCl36.036.336.637.037.3KNO331.645.863.985.5110(1)硝酸钾溶液中的溶质是 。(2)在40℃时,向两个分别盛有50g NaCl和KNO3的烧杯中,各加入100 g的水,充分溶解后,成为饱和溶液的是 溶液,该饱和溶液的质量是 g采用一种操作方法,将上述烧杯中的剩余固体全部溶解,变为不饱和溶液。下列说法正确的是 (填字母序号)。A.溶质的质量不变 B.溶液中溶质的质量分数一定减小 C.溶液的质量增大? D.可升高温度或增加溶剂29.(7分)应用所学知识,回答下列有关金属的问题:(1)将锌、铜、铁三种金属分别投入到足量的稀硫酸中,反应最快的是 ,不能反应的是 ,三种金属由强到弱的顺序是 。(2)将一根生锈的铁钉投入到足量的稀盐酸中,观察到铁锈逐渐溶解,溶液由无色变为黄色,其原因是 (用化学方程式回答),一段时间后有无色气体产生,其原因是 (用化学方程式回答)。(3)镁条在空气中燃烧,不足以证明镁能够和氧气反应,其理由及需补充一个实验来证明镁能够和氧气反应是 。30.(6分)下列A~F是由氢、氧、氯、碳、钠、钙六种元素中的一种或几种元素所形成的常见物质,按要求回答问题:(1)A由一种元素组成,它是密度最小的物质,A的化学式是 。(2)B由两种元素组成,且其中一种元素与A组成的元素相同,向其溶液中滴入紫色石蕊试液,溶液呈现红色,则B的化学式是 。(3)C和D由两种相同的元素组成,并在一定的条件下均可以生成一种供给呼吸的物质,且在一定的条件下C→D,则C→D的化学方程式是 。(4)E和F均由三种元素组成,其中有两种相同的元素,二者均可以和B反应,且E→F,请将E、F可能的组合填写在下表中。EF三、实验题(19分,请在答题卡的相应位置上作答)31.(7分)根据下图回答问题:(1)仪器a的名称是 。(2)实验室制取二氧化碳的化学反应方程式是 ,所选用的发生装置是 (填字母序号,下同),收集装置是 。(3)实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气的化学方程式是 。用装置A、E制取氧气,收集完氧气时,应进行的操作是 。用带火星的木条检验氧气时,可观察到的现象是 。32.(5分)如下图所示,将三支充满二氧化碳的试管分别倒立在盛有水、澄清石灰水、浓氢氧化钠溶液中进行实验,请按要求回答相关问题:(提示:图示中呈现的是实验过程中的试管内液面的高度,不是最终的现象)???(1)B中的实验现象是 ,反应的化学方程式为 。(2)证明A中二氧化碳能与水反应的方法是 。(3)是否可以通过上述实验中的最终现象,证明二氧化碳能与氢氧化钠反应,其理由是 。33.(7分)类比法是化学研究物质的重要方法之一。草酸(C2H204)的化学性质与碳酸相似,草酸受热会分解得到三种氧化物,某兴趣小组对草酸的有关性质进行了探究,按要求回答相关的问题:[提出猜想](1)草酸能够使紫色石蕊试液变为 色。(2)三种氧化物可能是 ,该猜想的依据是 。[查阅资料] 1.无水硫酸铜是一种白色粉末物质,遇水变成蓝色的硫酸铜晶体。2.向氯化钯溶液中通入CO,产生黑色沉淀。[实验探究]兴趣小组为验证猜想,将草酸受热后得到的气体,依次通过了装置A、B、C:[实验结论](3)当装置A、B、C实验现象是 ,证明猜想是正确的。[实验反思] (4)①实验装置中气球所起的作用是 。 ②是否可以将装置A和B对调,其理由是 。四、计算题(6分,请在答题卡的相应位置上作答)34.(3分)我国很早就掌握了湿法炼铜,其反应的化学方程式为: Fe + CuSO4→FeSO4 + Cu ,计算炼出32Kg的铜需要多少铁? 35.(3分)课外小组同学将100g盐酸分5次加入到35g某石灰石样品中(已知杂质不与盐酸反应),得到如下部分数据和图象。(最后结果保留一位小数) 次数123加入盐酸的质量/g202020剩余固体的质量/g30a20 计算:(1)表中“a”的数值是 g(2)该石灰石样品可制取二氧化碳的质量。(3)稀盐酸中溶质的质量分数。怀柔区2012—2013学年度第一学期初三化学期末检测试卷答 案一、选择题(25分,每小题1分,共25分)题号12345678910答案ABABDDCDBD题号11121314151617181920答案CBDACAADDD题号2122232425答案BCDCC二、填空题(30分,除说明外,每空1分)26.(5分)(1)A(2)C D(3)过滤;+4(4)氢氧化钙(合理给分)27.(7分)(1)氢、氧;水分子(2)① O ② 2H2O ③ 3Na+(3)①A C D ②CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O28.(5分)(1)硝酸钾(2)NaCl; 136.6;BC(2分)29.(7分)(1)锌;铜;锌铁铜(2)Fe2O3+6HCl→2FeCl3+3H2O;Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(3)因为空气中含有氮气等其他气体,所以无法证明镁是和氧气发生反应。需要补充镁在纯氧中燃烧的实验(2分)30.(6分)(1)H2 (2)HCl(3)2H2O2→2H2O+O2↑(反应条件不作要求)(4)(3分)ECa(OH)2Ca(OH)2Na2CO3Na2CO3NaOHFNaOHCaCO3NaOHCaCO3Na2CO3三、实验题(19分,除说明外,每空1分)31.(7分)(1)试管 (2)CaCO3+2HCl→CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑ ;B;C ?(3)2KMnO4→K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑;将导管移出水面;木条复燃32.(5分)(1)澄清石灰水变浑浊,试管内液面上升;Ca(OH)2+CO2 →CaCO3↓+H2O(2)用拇指堵住试管口移出水面后正立,向试管内滴入2-3滴紫色石蕊试液,溶液呈现红色。(3)可以通过对比实验A和C证明。其理由是C与A对比,除含有等量的水之外,又含有氢氧化钠,而C中进入试管内液体的液面又高于A中的液面,故可以证明二氧化碳和氢氧化钠发生反应。(2分)33.(7分)[提出猜想](1)红 (2)CO2 H2O CO;元素守恒[实验结论](3) A种白色固体变为蓝色,B中澄清石灰水变浑浊,C中出现黑色沉淀(2分)[实验反思](4)①调节C装置容积和收集气体(防CO扩散) ②不可以对调,其理由是气体若先通入B,会将溶液中的水带出,干扰水的检验。四、计算题(6分)34.(3分)28Kg35.(3分)(1)25(2)8.8g (3)18.3%怀柔区2012—2013学年度第一学期初三期末质量检测数 学 试 卷 学校 姓名 准考证号 考生须知1.本试卷共4页,共五道大题,25道小题,满分120分。考试时间120分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上认真填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4. 在答题卡上,选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.1.3的相反数是( )A. -3 B. 3 C. D. 2.中国旅游研究院最近发布报告称,2012年中国出境旅游人数8200万人次,8200万用科学计数法表示为( )A.82×106 B.8.2×106 C.8.2×107 D. 8.2×1083.把抛物线向左平移1个单位,然后向上平移3个单位,则平移后抛物线的表达式( )A. B. C. D..4.如图,在△ABC中,∠C=900,D是AC上一点,DE⊥AB于点E,若AC=8,BC=6,DE=3,则AD的长为( )A.3 B.4 C.5 D.65.在正方形网格中,的位置如图所示,则cosB的值为( )A. B. C. D.6.如图,已知⊙O的直径AB⊥弦CD于点E,下列结论中一定正确的是( )A.AE=OE B.CE=DE C.OE=CE D.∠AOC=60°7.从1~9这九个自然数中任取一个,是2的倍数的概率是( )A. B. C. D.8. 如图,点C、D是以线段AB为公共弦的两条圆弧的中点,AB=4,点E、F分别是线段CD、AB上的动点,设AF=x,AE2-FE2=y,则能表示y与x的函数关系的图象是( )二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9.分解因式:x3﹣x= . 10.如图,点A、B、C在⊙上,且BO=BC,则= . 11. 如图,已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)经过原点和点(-2,0),则2a -3b 0.(填>、<或=) 12.如图,AB是⊙O的直径,弦BC=2cm,F是弦BC的中点,∠ABC=60°.若动点E以2cm/s的速度从A点出发沿着A→B→A方向运动,设运动时间为t(秒)(0≤t<3),连结EF,当t值为________秒时,△BEF是直角三角形.三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13.计算:14.已知,求的值.15.已知:如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线与轴交于点,与反比例函数在第一象限内的图象交于点,连结,若.求该反比例函数的解析式和直线的解析式.16.已知反比例函数y=的图象与二次函数y=ax2+x-1的图象相交于点A(2,2)(1)求a的值;(2)反比例函数的图象是否经过二次函数图象的顶点,请说明理由.17.如图,△ABC是等边三角形,CE是外角平分线,点D在AC上,连结BD并延长与CE交于点E.(1)求证:△ABD∽△CED;(2)若AB=6,AD=2CD,求BE的长.18. 如图,⊙O的直径AB长为6,弦AC长为2,∠ACB的平分线交⊙O于点D,求四边形ADBC的面积.四、解答题(本题共20分, 每小题5分)19.某学生参加社会实践活动,在景点P处测得景点B位于南偏东方向,然后沿北偏东方向走100米到达景点A,此时测得景点B正好位于景点A的正南方向,求景点A与景点B之间的距离.20.如图①,为⊙的直径,与⊙相切于点,与⊙相切于点,点为延长线上一点,且CE=CB.(1)求证:为⊙的切线;(2)如图②,连接AE,AE的延长线与BC的延长线交于点G .若,求线段BC和EG的长.21.小赵投资销售一种进价为每件20元的护眼台灯.销售过程中发现,月内销售单价不变,每月销售量y(件)与销售单价x(元)之间的关系可近似的看作一次函数:.(1)设小赵每月获得利润为w(元),当销售单价定为多少元时,每月可获得最大利润?并求出最大利润.(2)如果小赵想要每月获得的利润不低于2000元,那么如何制定销售单价才可以实现这一目标?22. 操作与实践:(1)在图①中,以线段m为一边画菱形,要求菱形的顶点均在格点上.(画出所有符合条件的菱形)(4分)(2)在图②中,平移a、b、c中的两条线段,使它们与线段n构成以n为一边的等腰直角三角形.(画一个即可)(1分)五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题8分)23.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=ax2+bx+3的顶点为M(2,-1),交x轴于A、B两点,交y轴于点C,其中点B的坐标为(3,0).(1)求该抛物线的解析式;(2)设经过点C的直线与该抛物线的另一个交点为D,且直线CD和直线CA关于直线BC对称,求直线CD的解析式;(3)在该抛物线的对称轴上存在点P,满足PM2+PB2+PC2=35,求点P的坐标.24.已知,如图①,∠MON=60°,点A、B为射线OM、ON上的动点(点A、B不与点O重合),且AB=,在∠MON的内部、△AOB的外部有一点P,且AP=BP,∠APB=120°.(1)求AP的长;(2)求证:点P在∠MON的平分线上;(3)如图②,点C,D,E,F分别是四边形AOBP的边AO,OB,BP,PA的中点,连接CD,DE,EF,FC,OP. ①当AB⊥OP时,请直接写出四边形CDEF的周长;②若四边形CDEF的周长用t表示,请直接写出t的取值范围.25. 已知:如图,把矩形OCBA放置于直角坐标系中,OC=3,BC=2,取AB的中点M,连结MC,把△MBC沿x轴的负方向平移OC的长度后得到△DAO.(1)直接写出点D的坐标;(2)已知点B与点D在经过原点的抛物线上,点P在第一象限内的该抛物线上移动,过点P作PQ⊥x轴于点Q,连结OP.①若以O、P、Q为顶点的三角形与△DAO相似,试求出点P的坐标;②试问在抛物线的对称轴上是否存在一点T,使得的值最大.若存在,求出T点坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.怀柔区2012—2013学年度第一学期初三期末质量检测数学试卷答案及评分参考一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分) 题 号12345678答 案ACBCBBBC二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)题号9101112答案x(x+1)(x﹣1)>1或1.75或2.25注:12小题3个答案正确给4分,2个给3分,1个给2分.三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13. 解:=1-2×-3+……………………………………………………………4分 =1--3+=-2 ……………………………………………………………………5分14.解: ……………………………………………………………1分 . ……………………………………………………………3分 当时,. ……………………………………………………………4分 原式. ……………………………………………………………5分15. 解:由,得 .∵点在第一象限内,. ∴.∴. 1分∴点的坐标是. 设该反比例函数的解析式为. …………………………………2分将点的坐标代入,得 , ∴. ∴反比例函数的解析式为:. 3分 设直线的解析式为. 将点,的坐标分别代入,得 4分 解得 ∴直线的解析式为. 5分16. 解:(1)∵反比例函数y=的图象与二次函数y=ax2+x-1的图象相交于点(2,2)∴代入得2=4a+2-1…………………………………1分解得a=.…………………………………2分(2) 反比例函数的图象经过二次函数图象的顶点,理由如下:∵反比例函数y=的图象过点(2,2)∴代入得2=,解得k=4. ……………………………3分由(1)可知二次函数的解析式分别为y=x2+x-1 计算可得二次函数y=x2+x-1的顶点坐标为(-2,-2)………………………4分∵x=-2时,y==-2. ………………………5分 ∴反比例函数的图象经过二次函数图象的顶点.17. (1)证明:∵ △ABC是等边三角形,∴ ∠BAC=∠ACB=60°.∠ACF=120°.∵ CE是外角平分线, ∴ ∠ACE=60°.∴ ∠BAC=∠ACE. ………………………1分 又∵ ∠ADB=∠CDE,………………………2分∴ △ABD∽△CED. ………………………3分(2)解:作BM⊥AC于点M,AC=AB=6.∴ AM=CM=3,BM=AB·sin60°=.∵ AD=2CD,∴ CD=2,AD=4,MD=1. 在Rt△BDM中,BD==. ………………………4分 由(1)△ABD∽△CED得,,,∴ ED=,∴ BE=BD+ED=.………………………5分18. 解:∵AB是直径, ∴∠ACB=∠ADB=90°. …………………………1分在Rt△ABC中,AB=6, AC= 2,∴BC=== 4…………2分∵∠ACB的平分线交⊙O于点D,∴∠DAC=∠BCD∴=, ∴AD=BD…………3分∴在Rt△ABD中,AD=BD= AB=3…………4分∴四边形ADBC的面积=S△ABC+S△ABD=AC·BC+AD·BD=×2×4+×(3)2 =9+4…………5分四、解答题(本题共20分, 每小题5分)19. 解:过P作PD⊥AB,垂足为D,………………1分则AB=AB+BD,∴∠A=60。∠APD=30。,且PA=100米,∴AD=50米,………………2分又∵∠B=∠DPB=45。, ∴DB=DP,………………3分∵………………4分∴AB=50+米………………5分∴景点A与景点B之间的距离为(50+)米.20. 解:(1)连接OE,OC∵CB=CE,OB=OE,OC=OC∴△OBC≌△OEC∴∠OBC=∠OEC………………1分又∵与DE⊙O相切于点 ∴∠OEC=90。∴∠OBC=90。∴BC为⊙的切线………………2分(2)过点D作DF⊥BC于点F,∵AD,DC,BG分别切⊙O于点A,E,B ∴DA=DE,CE=CB 设BC为,则CF=x-2,DC=x+2在Rt△DFC中,解得: ∵AD∥BG∴∠DAE=∠EGC ∵DA=DE∴∠DAE=∠AED ∵∠AED=∠CEG ∴∠ECG=∠CEG ∴CG=CE=CB=…………………3分∴BG=5∴ ∵∠DAE=∠EGC ,∠AED=∠CEG ∴△ADE∽△GCE…………………4分∴,,解得 …………………5分21. 解:(1)由题意,得:w =(x-20)·y=(x-20)·()…………………1分.…………………2分此时w=2250…………………3分(2)由题意,得:解这个方程得:x1 = 30,x2 = 40.即小赵想要每月获得2000元的利润,销售单价应定为30元或40元. ………4分∵,∴抛物线开口向下.∴当30≤x≤40时,w≥2000.…………………5分答: (1)当销售单价定为35元时,每月可获得最大利润,且最大利润为2250元. (2)如果小赵想要每月获得的利润不低于2000元,那么他的销售单价应不低于30元而不高于40元.22. 操作与实践(本题5分)注:(1)小题画对6个4分,5个3分,4个2分,2个1分五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题8分)23. 解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+bx+3的顶点为M(2,-1), ∴设抛物线的解析式为线。…………………1分 ∵点B(3,0)在抛物线上,∴,解得 ∴该抛物线的解析式为,即…………………2分(2)在中令x=0,得,∴C(0,3) ∴OB=OC=3 ∴∠ABC=45。…………………3分过点B作BN⊥x轴交CD于点N,则∠ABC=∠NBC=45。∵直线CD和直线CA关于直线BC对称,∴∠ACB=∠NCB 又∵CB=CB,∴△ACB≌△NCB∴BN=BA∵A,B关于抛物线的对称轴x=2对称,B(3,0),∴A(1,0)∴BN=BA=2 ,∴N(3,2)…………………4分设直线CD的解析式为,∵C(0,3),N(3,2)在直线CD上,∴,解得,…………………5分∴直线CD的解析式为(3)设P(2,p)∵M(2,-1),B(3,0),C(0,3),∴根据勾股定理,得,,∵PM2+PB2+PC2=35,∴ 整理,得,解得. ∴P(2,-2)或(2,).…………………7分24. 解: (1) 过点P作PQ⊥AB于点Q ∵PA=PB,∠APB=120° ,AB=4,∴AQ=AB=×4=2,∠APQ=∠APB=×120°=60°……………1分在Rt△APQ中, sin∠APQ=∴AP= =4……………2分(2)证明:过点P分别作PS⊥OM于点S, PT⊥ON于点T…………………3分∴∠OSP=∠OTP=90°在四边形OSPT中,∠SPT=360°-∠OSP-∠SOT-∠OTP=360°-90°-60°-90°=120°,∴∠APB=∠SPT=120°∴∠APS=∠BPT…………………………………4分又∵∠ASP=∠BTP=90°, AP=BP,∴△APS≌△BPT ∴PS=PT∴点P在∠MON的平分线上…………………………………………5分(3) ①8+4 …………………………………………6分②4+4<t≤8+4…………………………………………7分25. 解:(1)依题意得:;…………………………………………………1分(2) ① ∵,,∴.…………………………………2分 ∵抛物线经过原点,∴设抛物线的解析式为又抛物线经过点与点∴ 解得:∴抛物线的解析式为.………3分∵点在抛物线上,∴设点.1)若∽,则, 解得:(舍去)或,∴点.………………………………………………………………4分2)若∽,则, ,解得:(舍去)或,∴点………………………………5分②存在点,使得的值最大.抛物线的对称轴为直线,设抛物线与轴的另一个交点为,则点.……………………………………6分∵点、点关于直线对称,∴要使得的值最大,即是使得的值最大,根据三角形两边之差小于第三边可知,当、、三点在同一直线上时,的值最大.设过、两点的直线解析式为,∴ 解得:∴直线的解析式为.………………………………………………7分当时,.∴存在一点使得最大.………………………8分2012--2013学年度第一学期初三年级期末质量检测物 理 试 卷 考生须知1.本试卷共7页,共五道大题,40道小题,满分100分。考试时间120分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名和学号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、单项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个选项符合题意。共24分,每小题2分)1.下列物理量中,以科学家的名字“安培”作为单位的物理量是A.电压 B.电流 C.电阻 D.电功率2.在通常情况下,下列物体属于绝缘体的是A.电炉丝 B.食盐水 C.陶瓷碗 D.铅笔芯3.我们的学习和生活都离不开电,在日常生活中应该树立安全用电的意识。图1所示的各种做法中,正确的是4.最早发现电磁感应现象的物理学家是A.安培 B.焦耳 C.奥斯特 D.法拉第5.下列物态变化的实例中,属于液化的是A.洗过的湿毛巾被晾干 B.冰箱中取出的冰棍结上“白霜”C.衣柜中的樟脑球变小 D.冰天雪地里人说话时口中冒“白气”6.图2所示,当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时,能使滑动变阻器接入电路中的电阻变大的接法是 7.电能表接在家庭电路中,是为了测量A .电功率 B .电功 C .电流 D .电压8.如图3所示的电路中,将开关S闭合,灯L1和灯L2均发光,则下列说法中正确的是A.灯L1和灯L2串联B.灯L1和灯L2并联C.灯L1和灯L2两端的电压一定相等D.通过灯L1和灯L2的电流一定不相等9.下列装置中,没有用到电磁铁的是A.电磁起重机 B.电磁继电器 C.电饭锅 D.电铃 10.下列说法中正确的是A.温度高的物体内能一定比温度低的物体内能大B.物体的温度升高,一定是从外界吸收了热量C. 0℃的冰块内能为零D.温度高的物体与温度低的物体接触,低温物体从高温物体吸热11.如图4所示,电源电压保持不变,当闭合开关S,滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动的过程中,下列说法中正确的是 A. 电压表V1的示数增大,电压表V2的示数减小 B. 电压表V1示数与电流表示数的比值变小C. 电压表V1减小的示数小于电压表V2增大的示数D. 电阻R1和R2消耗的功率的变化量一定相等12.如图5所示的电路,电源两端电压保持不变。只闭合开关S1和S3时,电流表的示数为I1;只闭合开关S1、S4时,电流表的示数为I2,电压表示数为3V;已知R1∶R2=3∶4,I1∶I2=8∶3,则A.R2∶R3=2∶1B.电源两端电压为8VC.通过各开关的断开与闭合,在不同状态下,电流表的最大、最小示数之比为38∶3D.通过各开关的断开与闭合,在不同状态下,整个电路的最大功率与最小功率之比为8∶3二、多项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中符合题意的选项均多于一个。本大题共12分,每小题3分。每小题选项全选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有错选的不得分)13.下列家用电器中,利用电流热效应工作的是 A.电熨斗 B.电风扇 C.电热水器 D.洗衣机14.关于家庭电路,下列说法中正确的是A.家庭电路中的插座与用电器是串联的B.有金属外壳的用电器应适用三孔插座C.家庭电路中总电流过大,一定是由于电路中用电器的实际功率过大引起的D.电炉子工作时,电炉丝热得发红,而连接电炉子的导线并不太热,是因为导线的电阻比电炉丝的电阻小15.根据右表所提供的几种物质的比热容得出以下四个结论,其中正确的是 A.不同物质的比热容可能相等几种物质的比热容C/[J·(kg·℃)-1]水4.2×103冰2.1×103酒精2.4×103砂石0.92×103煤油2.1×103铝0.88×103水银0.14×103铜0.39×103B.同种物质在不同状态下比热容一定相等C.质量相等的铜块和铝块,降低相同的温度,铝块放出的热量多D.初温相等的水和砂石,吸收相等的热量后,水的末温可能比砂石的末温高16.关于电磁现象,下列说法中正确的是A.磁场是由疏密不同的磁感线组成的B.奥斯特实验说明了电流周围存在磁场C.通电线圈在磁场中受力转动的过程中,电能转化为机械能D.磁场中某点的磁场方向可以由放在该点的小磁针静止时的指向来判定三、填空题(共14分,每空2分)17.物理学中规定: 定向移动的方向为电流的方向。18.2009年1月,我国正式进入移动通信的3G时代。移动通信实际上是利用电磁波传递信号的,那么信号在空中传递的速度约为________m/s 。19.温度一定时,影响铜导线电阻大小的因素有:铜导线的横截面积和 。20.冬天两手相互摩擦,手的温度升高,是利用 方式使物体内能增加的。21.阻值为50Ω的定值电阻R接在电源两端,通过电阻R的电流为0.2A,10s内电流产生的热量是 J。22.将两根电阻丝R1、R2并联在电压不变的电源两端,若通过干路的电流为2A,通过电阻丝R1的电流为1.6A,则电阻丝R1与R2阻值之比为________。23.某电子体重秤的原理如图6甲所示,R2为阻值已知的定值电阻,R1的阻值可以随其所受压力的大小变化而发生变化,体重秤自动根据电流表读数的大小换算出人的体重大小。已知R1的电阻与所受压力F变化的关系图象如图6乙所示。设踏板的质量忽略不计,已知电源两端电压U保持不变,F0、R0为已知量,电流表能够测量的最大电流为I0,则该体重秤能够称量的重力最大值的表达式:F=________。 (用F0、R0、I0、R2和U来表示F) 四、作图、实验与探究题(共34分,24~28、30、32、33题各2分,31、34、35题各3分,29题4分,36题各5分)24.如图7所示,电阻箱的示数是 Ω。25.如图8所示,温度计的示数为 ℃。26.通电螺线管中的电流方向如图9所示,由此可以判断出通电螺线管的左端是 极。(选填“N”或“S”)27.图10所示电能表的示数为 kW(h。28.(1)图11所示的实验中,抽去中间的玻璃板,过一会儿下方玻璃瓶中的气体颜色变浅,上方玻璃瓶中的气体颜色变深,这种现象叫做___________,此现象主要说明分子永不停息的做无规则运动。(2)图12所示的演示实验中,是将接触面被削平的两个铅块用力压紧,可以使它们结合在一起,即便在下端悬挂一定质量的重物,铅块也不分开。此现象说明分子之间存在相互作用的___________(选填“引力”或“斥力”)。29.在“用电流表和电压表测电阻”的实验中,电路如图13甲所示。 (1)开关闭合前,应将滑动变阻器的滑片P移动到b端;(2)闭合开关,发现电流表示数为零,但电压表指针发生明显偏转,则电路发生的故障可能是以下四种中的__________;A. Rx发生断路 B.滑动变阻器断路 C. Rx发生短路 D.电流表断路(3)排除故障后,闭合开关,调整滑片P到某一位置后,若两表的示数分别如图13乙、丙所示,电压表的示数为_________ V,电流表的示数为_________ A,此次测得的结果为Rx=_________Ω。30.如图14所示,水沸腾后,盖在试管口上的橡皮塞会被冲出。这一过程中的能量转化情况与四冲程汽油机的________冲程相似。(选填“吸气”、“压缩”“做功”或“排气”)。31.为了探究“电流产生的热量与电阻大小的关系”,大伟小组采用了如图15所示的实验装置,其中R1(1)实验中R1、R2采用 (填“串联”或“并联”)的连接方法使通过它们的电流相等。(2)在通电时间相同时,两玻璃管内煤油上升较高的是 (填“甲”或“乙”)瓶。由此可知,在通电时间相同,电流一定的情况下,电阻越大,电流产生的热量越 。(填“多”或“少”)32.小明同学将滑动变阻器R1和定值电阻R2串联在电源电压为9V且保持不变的电源两端,如图16所示,小明多次调节滑动变阻器的滑片改变R1两端的电压U1,记录电压表V2的读数U2,得到如下表所示的实验数据,请根据表中数据,归纳出U2和U1的关系:在串联电路中电源电压9V不变的条件下,U2 = 。33.定值电阻R1和R2串联后,接在电压可调的电源两端,电路中的电流I随电源电压U变化关系的图像如图17所示。已知R1=4Ω,则R2= Ω。34.小龙想利用一块电流表和阻值已知的电阻R0测量电阻Rx的阻值。小龙选择了满足实验要求的器材,并连接了部分实验电路,如图18所示。小龙设计的实验电路的要求是:闭合开关S1断开开关S2,电流表测量RX的电流为I1;闭合开关S1、 S2,电流表测量R0和RX的电流为I2。(1)请你根据小龙的设计要求完成图18所示的实验电路的连接;(2)请你用I1、I2和R0表示出Rx,Rx= 。35.实验室桌面上有符合要求的电源一个、电流表一个、开关一个、粗细均匀的直镍铬合金丝一段、导线5条(其中两条的一端带有导线夹)、长直尺一把,请你设计一个实验证明:镍铬合金线越粗,镍铬合金线的电阻越大的观点是错误的。(1)画出电路图(2)简述实验步骤和实验现象 36.实验桌上有如下实验器材:电源电压不变的电源一个,阻值已知的定值电阻一个,电阻箱(电路图符号 )一个,已调零的电流表两块、开关一个,导线若干。请选用上述实验器材,设计一个实验证明:“两个电阻R1与R2并联时,如果并联电路两端的电压U及R1的阻值保持不变,则电阻R1与R2消耗的总功率P跟电阻R2的关系为:(k1、k2为常量)”。五、计算题(共16分)(37题3分,38题6分,39、40题各4分) 37.某太阳能热水器中装有质量为40kg的水,在阳光的照射下,该热水器中水的温度从20℃升高到50℃。求这些水吸收的热量。[4.2×103J/(kg·℃)] 38.如图19将两个阻值分别为R1=10Ω与R2=5Ω的电阻串联起来,接到6V的电源上。求:(1)该电路的等效电阻;(2)该电路中的电流;(3)R2消耗的电功率。39.如图20所示,小灯泡L上标有“6V 3W”字样。闭合开关S,小灯泡正常发光,电流表示数为2A。求:(1)小灯泡正常发光时的电流 (2)电阻R消耗的功率。40.如图21所示,电源两端电压不变。当只闭合开关S3时,电流表的示数为I1,电压表的示数为U1,电阻R1的电功率P1为1.5W;当开关S1、S2、S3都闭合时,电流表的示数为I2,电压表的示数为U;当只闭合开关S2时,电流表的示数I3为0.8A,电阻R3的电功率为P3,已知:U1:U=3:4 ,R2:R3=2:3。求:(1)电流I1与I2之比;(2)电阻R3的电功率P3;(3)电源电压。2012—2013学年度第一学期初三年级物理期末参考答案单选题(每题2分,共24分) 12345678BCBDDABA910111213141516 C DCCACBD ACDBCD多选题(共12分,每小题3分。选对但不全的该小题得2分,不选、错选该小题不得分。) 三、填空题(每空2分,共14分)17 正电荷183×10819长度20做功2120221:423四、实验与探究题(共34分)24.2012 (2分) 25.26 (2分) 26.N (2分) 27.2013.6 (2分) 28.(1)扩散; (2)引力 (2分)29.(2)A;(3)2;0.4;5 (4分)30.做功 (2分)31.(1)串联;(2)乙;多 (3分)32.9V—U1 (2分)33.2 (2分)34.(1)见图1 (1分) (2) (2分) 35.(1)用刻度尺找到粗细均匀的直镍铬合金丝的中点,如图所示,将合金丝的一半接入电路,读电流表的示数I1。(1分)(2)将合金丝从中点对折,长度与一半长相等,同时接入电路,读电流表的示数I2。 (1分)I136.(1)实验电路图 (1分)(2)实验步骤:① 如图连接电路,电阻箱调到适当阻值。 闭合开关S,用电流表A1测出通过定值电阻R1的电流I1,用电流表A测出干路的电流I,读出变阻箱R2的阻值,并将R2、R1、I1、I记录到表格中; (1分) ②断开开关S,改变电阻箱R2的阻值5次,重复步骤①并将相应的R2、R1、I1、I数值记录在表格中;(1分) ③利用P=UI=I1R1I分别计算出电阻R1与R2消耗的总功率P,并将数值记录在表格中。 (1分)(3)实验数据记录表 (1分)R2 /ΩR1 /ΩI1 / AI / AP / W五、简答、计算题(共16分)37.5.04×106J ……(3分)38.解:(1)15Ω (2分) (2)0.4A (2分) (3)0.8W (2分)39.(1)0.5A (1分) (2)9W (2分)40.等效电路图(1分) (1)1:4 (1分) (2) 1.92W (1分) (3)4V (1分)以上各题答案仅供参考,其他答案只要符合题意均给分。如有不妥之处请更正 北京市怀柔区2012-2013学年第一学期初三一模(暨期末)英语试卷 2013.1 学校 班级 姓名 考号 考 生 须 知1. 本试卷共12页,满分120分,考试时间120分钟。2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和考号。3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4. 在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5. 考试结束,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。听力理解 (共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。 5. Where is Lily going for her French class? A. In a painting school. B. In a language school. C. In an art school. 6. What is she planning to do in France?A. To have fun. B. To improve her French. C. To learn painting.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。 7. Where is the woman now? A. In a post office. B. In a shop. C. In a hotel. 8. What does the woman want to buy? A. A T-shirt. B. A bicycle. C. A schoolbag.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。 9. When will the visitors come?A. On April 25th. B. On April 27th. C. On April 26th10. What will the visitors do on the second day?A. Have a party. B. Listen to a talk. C. Visit the schools. 请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。11. What’s Jerry doing in the library? A. Looking for some books. B.Writing an article. C.Watching a film.12. When will Jerry have to finish his article?A. On Monday. B.On Tuesday. C.On Wednesday.13. What did Jerry decide to write about at last?A.A book. B.A film. C.A play. 请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。14. How many languages can Jim and Kate speak?A. Three. B. Four C. Five.15. Which place are the Greens going to return to?A. Japan. B. America. C. England.16. Why are Jim and Kate very happy?A. Because they won’t have to move any more . B. Because they will go to another new country. C. Because they can see their friends all over the world.三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。对话读两遍。(共10分,每小题2分) WhereThe old woman wants to go to the Science 17 WhoA 18 tells her how to get thereHowShe should take No. 19 bus to go thereFeeling about the cityIt’s a big city with lots of modern buildings. But the traffic is pretty 20 , and some places are crowded.WhyShe wants to go there to visit her 21 , who lives in the neighborhood.知识运用 (共25分) 四、单项填空 (共13分,每小题1分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。22. —Whose MP5 is this, Tina? — It’s _____. My mother bought it for me last Sunday. A. mine B. me C. I D. my23. —When do you get up every day? —I usually get up_____ six o’clock. A.to B.in C.on D.at24. Mike was ill yesterday, he didn' t go to school. A. if B. but C. so D. or25. _________ play in the street.It’s very dangerous.A.Do B.Not C.Don’t D.Doesn’t26.?—Mum, I can't find my football.—Hurry up! Your father ______ for us.A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait27. – does your father go to work? -- By bus. A. How B. What C. When D. Where28. —Who listens _________, Eric , Brad or Rick? —Of course Brad.A. the most carefully B. more carefullyC. the most careful D. more careful29. I have been to London. I ____________ there last month. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go30. Betty will ring me up as soon as she ________ in Shanghai. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive 31. —Must I clean my room now, Mum? —_______. You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you needn’t B. No, you mustn’t C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must32. —I was at the cinema at 9 o’clock last night. What about you?— at home.A. am watching TV B. was watching TV C. will watch TV D. watched TV33. There is a big bank near my home and it three years ago.A. is built B. are built C. was built D. is building34. —Do you know ________Guangzhou with his family? — Next week. A. when does Mr. Brown visit B. when will Mr. Brown visit C. when Mr. Brown will visit D. when Mr. Brown visits五、完形填空 (共12分,每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。 Once a young man was traveling by train. It was a long and boring journey. As the train was moving through a wilderness(荒野), the passengers looked out of the windows 35 . When the train reached a bend(弯道),it slowed down and then a simple house 36 . It was so easy to notice that everybody on the train turned to “enjoy” with eyes wide open. Some passengers even began a discussion about it. The young man was also 37 by the scenery. On his return he 38 the train at the nearest station and found his way to the house. Its owner said that he was troubled by the 39 of the train. He wanted to sell the house, but 40 would buy it. 41 the young man spent 30,000 dollars on the house. He thought it was a good place for 42 because it was facing the railway bend. When the train moved slowly past, the tired passengers would 43 the house. He tried to 44 some big companies and told them that could be used for advertisement. At last the Coca-Cola Company took it to put up their 45 . To everyone’s surprise, the young man was afforded 180,000 dollars for a three-year rent. This is a true story. It tells us that discovery is very 46 . Many people have got new ideas from it.35.A.excitedly B.quietly C.safely D.clearly36.A.appeared B.found C. invented D.came 37.A.attacked B.attracted C. sticked D. moved38.A.got on B.turned on C.got off D.turned off39.A.track B.passengers C.conductors D.noise 40.A.nobody B.someone C.advertiser D. everybody41.A.Gently B.Quickly C.Finally D.Lately42.A.discovery B.renting C.staying D. advertisement43.A.apply for B.lack of C. be interested in D.stay in44.A.work for B.join in C.connect with D.look up45.A. messages B.magazines C.notices D.slogans46.A. interesting B.important C.difficult D.different阅读理解 (共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)AAdvertisementsGuitar LessonsA very good musician. Doing well in teaching kids for ten years. Your home or mine. Call MissWang at 6695325. For SaleCoat for man, size 42, $85, after 6 pm, call 8830553.Color TV, size 21, $150; MP3 player, $45; Recorder, $25. Call 6963749.Help WantedIf you can find a few hours during the day to look after 2 school children, please call 3133696.We are looking for a computer trained secretary. He or she should have experience working on computers. Call 5201318. LostA yellow bag with a mobile phone and some books was left behind the library. Will the finder come to Class 7, Grade 3?47. If you want a musician to teach your kid guitar, which number will you call?A. 5201318. B. 6963749. C. 6695325. D. 3133696.48. What can’t you buy in the second advertisement? A. TV. B. Walkman. C. Recorder. D. MP3 player.49. What’s in the lost yellow bag?A. A mobile phone and a wallet. B. A mobile phone and some books. C. Some books and an ID card. D. Some books and a wallet.B Mr. Carrey worked at a big company. He went to work by bus. One day when he was standing at the bus-stop, he watched cars go by. Many of the cars were new Sherry 700s, and most of them were yellow. Mr. Carrey was a person who did not like to be different from other men. He always wore the same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same things after work as they did. Two months later, Mr. Carrey bought a new yellow Sherry 700. He was very pleased with it, and drove to work in it the next morning. When he saw all the other Sherry 700s, in front, behind and on both sides of him, he was even more pleased with his car. Mr. Carrey parked his car in a big car-park near the office building, and walked to his office. But when he came back at five o’clock, there were so many yellow Sherry 700s in the car-park that Mr. Carrey did not know which car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a look which he did not like. So he stopped. Mr. Carrey could do nothing but wait nearly forty minutes until his car was the only yellow Sherry 700 left in the car-park. 50. Mr. Carrey bought a new yellow Sherry 700 because__________________ .A. he did not like taking a bus B. he liked to be different from other men C. he liked to do the same things as other people D. the bus did not always come on time .51. In the car-park, “people gave him a look” because _____ .A. he could not open the door of his car B. he was trying to open the door of more than one carC. he was in the wrong car-parkD. he had a new yellow car52. Mr. Carrey had to wait until _____ in the car-park.A. there was only one car left B. there was no one about to look at himC. there was only one yellow Sherry 700 leftD. there were no yellow Sherry 700s leftC Thomas Edison was a great American inventor. He was born to a poor family in 1847. His mother taught him at home. He often observed things carefully and he made over 1,300 inventions during his life time. He was often said to be the greatest genius(天才) of his age. There are only a few men in all of history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius. “There is no such thing as genius,” Edison said. He also said that what people called genius was mostly hard work. But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them. Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure. Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. “Work, ” he answered back, “discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier.” He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work. 53. Edison was______________.A. interested in changing people’s ideas B. interested in discovering the secrets of nature C. very much uninterested in nature D. uninterested in making people happier by discovering the secrets of nature54. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Many other people have changed Edison’s life. B. Edison has changed the lives of many other people . C. Only a few men in history can change other people’s lives. D. Edison invented the electric light.55. The last sentence in the passage most probably implies(意指)___________.A. people of his time were ready to give Edison another 100 year’s work B. Life is too short for Edison to invent more for human beings C. Edison made 100 inventions in his life D. Edison was able to live and work for 100 years D. Every day in China, about 200 million children go to school. Many of them take school buses. What should we do to keep these students safe on the road?On April 5, 2012,the State Council(国务院) published new rules about school bus safety. These new rules are stricter than the old ones.Under the new rules, local governments must make sure that students go to nearby school or boarding schools to reduce traffic risks . Also, local governments must help kids in the countryside reach their school buses.From now on, school buses have a speed limit of 80 km/h on highways and 60 km/h on normal roads. While on the road, other cars must let school buses go first.The new rules also say that school buses must never be overloaded (超载的).There are many other rules as well. A school bus must have more than seven seats. On each bus, there must be at least one adult to keep an eye on the kids. Each school bus must have a fire extinguisher (灭火器), a first aid kit (急救箱) and a GPS. A series of school bus accidents happened in China in 2011. To stop such accidents, the Central Government decided to strengthen (加强) the rules for school buses.The most serious accident happened in Gansu in November,2011. When a nine-seat minibus crashed. There were more than 60 children inside, and 21 of them died. I hope such terrible things won’t happen again and all of us can pay more attention to the safety of the students.56. What did the State Council publish on April 5, 2012?A. New rules about school bus safety. B. New rules about student safety.C. New rules about student home. D. New rules about class. 57. According to the passage, the government made new rules because . A. 21 students died in school bus accidents in 2011 B. School buses in China were not safe enough before C. 200 million children in China go to school by bus every day D. the government encourages all students to take school buses 58. What does the underlined “”word mean?A. 国外的 . B. 国内的 . C. 寄宿的. D. 较远的 . 59. What is the best title of this passage?A. The most serious accident happened in 2011 in Gansu. B. A school bus must have more than seven seats. C. Local governments must help kids.D. Safety first on the school bus. 七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分) Flying Doctors Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburb(近郊). But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. 60 . He visits sick people by plane. When someone is very sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. 61 . However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. 62 . He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this: “Take two tablets(药片) from bottle number 5 every four hours.” 63 . He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part-time doctors, nurses and dentists. A. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor centerB. Flying doctors treat their patients quicklyC. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”D. A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor Service in 1927E. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year八、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)It's March, 2050. Frank and Mary Smith wake up in their comfortable house in the morning and switch on the bedroom computer to get the latest news. They used to read the Times, but changed to electronic newspapers many years ago. There is the usual news about space: another space flight has returned from Mars and scientists have discovered a new planet. Then they turn to business news: the US dollar has risen greatly in Shanghai, one of the world's leading business centers. Mary tells the computer to buy 5,000 dollars, and there is a quick response that it has been done. As they watch the screen, Mary orders one of the household robots to make coffee for them. Frank disappears into the study to join a video conference with his partners around the world. He is a computer engineer, working for several companies. This is his third job: he used to be in marketing and then television. Mary has a quick look at the shopping channels - the usual selection of electric cars, household robots and cheap travel offers - before picking up the video phone to talk to her assistant. She also has a job and she is doing medical research. Both she and Frank used to have an office desk in London, but in 2014 they decided to move to the seaside and work from home. Frank and Mary have one daughter, Louise, who also has her own workstation at home. She goes to school only one day a week, mainly to play with other students. Classrooms disappeared in 2030 because there was no longer any need for them: communications systems have made it much easier to learn at home. Louise, now thirteen, is studying Chinese at present, which has become a world language asimportant as English. Louise has many Chinese friends. They communicate by computer. According to the family doctor, Louise will live to at least 130. Her wish is to work for a few decades (十年) and then spend her time on music and painting.64. Do Frank and Mary get the latest news on the computer in the morning?65. Who makes coffee for Mary and Frank?66. What does Frank do?67. What are the two world languages in 2050?68. What do you think of Louise's life in 2050? Why? 书面表达 (共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)根据中文意思完成句子。69. 你想和我一起出去玩儿吗,李军?___________ go out to play with me, Li Jun? 70. 我弟弟年龄太小以至于不能独自移动那个箱子。 My brother is ______ young _______ he can’t move that box alone. 71. 她的父亲既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。 Her father can _______ swim ________ skate.72. 昨天怀特先生修理自行车用了一个小时时间。It ______ Mr. White ______ to fix up his bicycle yesterday. 73. 我的妈妈经常告诉我坚持锻炼很有必要。 My mother often tells me ____________ to___________. 十、文段表达 (15分) 根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。文章必须包括表格内容,并适当发挥。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。74. 初中三年的学习和生活即将结束。你一定对未来的生活充满向往。将来你理想的职业是什么?假如你是周杰,想参加英语校刊组织的“我理想的职业”征文活动。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇征文稿。自我介绍姓名、年龄、性格……理想的职业及原因 如:老师、医生、篮球运动员等…为了实现自己的理想,你打算怎么做……..提示词语:study hard; knowledge; make progress; grow up; in the future 怀柔区2012-2013学年度第一学期期末初三质量检测 英语参考答案 听力理解一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11.B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15.C 16.A 三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。。 17. Museum 18. driver 19. thirty-eight(38) 20 . bad 21. uncle 知识运用 四、单项填空。 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26.A 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 五、完形填空。35. B 36. A 37.B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C 42. D 43.C 44.C 45. D 46. B 阅读理解 六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. B 52.C 53. B 54. A 55.B 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。60. C 61. E 62. A 63. D 八、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。 64. Yes, they do. 65. One of the household robots.66. He is a computer engineer.. 67. Chinese and English.. 68. I think her life in 2050 is convenient/ comfortable? because computers can help her with a lot of work.. 书面表达九、完成句子。(共10分,每小题2分)69. Would you like to70. so…that 71. neither….nor72. took…..an hour73. it’s necessary…. keep doing exercise十、文段表达(15分)74.One possible version: My name is Zhou Jie. I’m a fifteen- year-old middle school student. I’m a generous girl/ boy and I have lots of good friends.Everyone has his dream. My ideal job is to be a doctor when I grow up. I think doctors are kind and helpful, they love their patients as much as possible and help them out of danger. In order to make my dream come true, I will study hard and get more knowledge. What’s more, I’m going to do more exercises to keep me stronger. To be a doctor is really great. I think my dream will come true one day. 书面表达评分标准说明:先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次,然后在该档次内评出分数。第一档:(13—15分) 完全符合题目要求,表达思想清楚,内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇,语言通顺,语意连贯,具有逻辑性。无任何语言错误。第二档:(9—12分) 符合题目要求,表达思想基本清楚,内容完整。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯。有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。第三档:(5—8分) 部分内容符合题目要求,表达思想不清楚,内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,影响整体理解。第四档:(0—4分) 与题目有关的内容不多,不能表达出自己的思想。只是简单拼凑提示词语,所写内容难以理解。附听力录音稿:一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。Conversation 1W: What’s Jack doing?M: He’s writing a letter in his room.Conversation 2W: Is your sister a teacher or a doctor?M: She is a teacher and she works at No.2 Middle School.Conversation 3W: What would you like to drink, Mike?M: I’d like some milk.Conversation 4W: This camera costs me 500 dollars.M: It’s very expensive.二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。M: Hi, Lily. Why are you in a hurry? W: I’m afraid I will be late for class. M: But we have no classes this afternoon. W: I know. But I am going to a French class in a language schoolM : French? Are you learning French for fun?W: No. I’m planning to go to France to learn painting.M: Are you? France is the right place.W: Yeah. So I have to improve my French as quickly as possible.M: Good luck, Lily!W: Thank you. 请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。M: What can I do for you, madam?W: I’d like to buy a bicycle as a present for my son Bob.M: A birthday present?W: Yes. He will be fifteen in two weeks.M: What do you think of the blue one, Size 24?W: I like the color. But Bob is a big boy.M: What do you think of this one, Size 26?W: It looks good. I’m sure he’ll like it. How much is it?M: A hundred and ten dollars.W: OK. I’ll get it.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。W: When are the visitors coming, Philip?M: They will come on April 25th.W: OK. How many visitors are coming? 14 or 15?M: They said 14 at first, but they changed to 11 this morning. W: Good, we have two weeks to get everything ready. Here are my suggestions. On the first day, we’ll have a welcome party. Then they can visit the schools on the second and third days.M: Since the visitors want to learn about how computers are used in the classroom, we may ask Mr. Goodman to give them a talk about it on the third day afternoon.W: That will be nice. What about the last two days? Have a tour in New York?M: Why not take them to Niagara Falls? I’m sure they’ll love them. W: Good idea. 请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。W:Hi,Jerry.What a busy Monday! You’re spending a lot of time in the library today. What’s up? Are you becoming a hard-working boy?M:Hi,Cindy.You’re joking.I'm thinking about my article for our school magazine New Standard. I have to finish it the day after tomorrow.The title is “my favorite book”, but I can’t decidewhat to write about.W:Well,what’s your favorite book then?M:It’s hard to say. In fact, I don’t really enjoy reading.W:I see.Can you write about something else,a film,or a play,for example?M:I don’t think so.I promised Betty,the editor,to write about a book.W:As far as I know,Betty will be pleased if you write all articles,even if it's not about a book.M:I think you have got it right.I'll write about my favorite film instead.Thanks,Cindy. W:You’re welcome. 请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。Jim Green is a 15-year-old English schoolboy. His sister Kate is 14. At present, Jim and Kate are at a school in Sydney, one of the biggest cities in Australia. They have been there for two years. They like the school, but they know that soon they will leave and return to England with their parents.Jim and Kate have also been to schools in America, France, Japan and China. This is because their father. Mr. Green , works for a very big international company. The company has sent him to work in many different countries. Mr. Green usually stays in one country for about two years. Then the company moves him again. His family always goes with him.The Greens love seeing the world. Jim and Kate have learned to speak French, Japanese and a little Chinese. The two children have friends all over the world. But they are glad that they are going to return to England.Recently the children told their parents, “ We want to stay in England. We don’t want to move again.” Their father agreed and he asked his company to keep him in England. The company has agreed. Jim and Kate are very happy about this. 三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。对话读两遍。W: Excuse me, I want to go to the Science Museum. Which bus should I take? M: The number 38 bus. I think it will come soon.W: Thank you. It’s very nice of you to tell me.M: Is this your first time here?W: Yes.M: So what do you think of it?W: I like it. It’s a big city with lots of modern buildings. But the traffic is pretty bad, and some places are so crowded…..Anyway, are you a student? M: No, I am a driver. Why do you want to go to the Science Museum? W: My uncle’s house is near the museum, and I’m going to visit him. But I really don’t know how to get there.M: That’s OK. You’ll find your way around soon. Oh, your bus is coming!W: It’s really nice to talk with you. Thanks for your help again.M: You are welcome. Bye! 怀柔区2012—2013年度初三第一学期期末质量检测(试题排8页)语 文 试 卷学校 姓名 准考证号 考生须知1.本试卷共8页,共六道大题,24道小题。满分120分。考试时间150分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。 一、选择。下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意,选出答案后在答题卡上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。(共12分。每小题2分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音有误的一项是 A.广袤(mào) 解剖(pōu) 不卑不亢(kàng) B.倔强(jué) 哄笑(hōng) 俯拾即是(jì)C.琐屑(xiè) 提防(dī) 同仇敌忾(kài) D.短暂(zàn) 细菌(jūn) 深恶痛疾(jí)2.根据语境和所给字义,在下列句子横线处选填汉字,有误的一项是 A.新疆与西北联网750千伏第二通道主体工程15日提前 (竣、峻)工,这意味着整个工程将于明年6月完工,比计划提前3个月。“竣”指“事情完毕”,“峻”有“山高而陡峭”的意思,横线处应填“竣”。B.好在顾主儿都是我父亲的老朋友,我有不周到的地方,都肯 (包含、包涵),闭闭眼就过去了。 “包含”的词义是“里边含有”;“包涵”是“包容、宽容”的意思,横线处应填“包涵”。C. 新茶配上清纯的山泉,果然相得 (益、溢)彰,不同凡响。“益”有“更加”的意思,“溢”是“充满而流出来”的意思,横线处应填“益”。D.小王的这车菜卖得很快,旁边几个卖菜的却无精打 (采、彩)地坐在车旁,很少有人光顾。“采”指“兴致”,“彩”是“光彩,精彩”,横线处应填“彩”。3.下列句子中加点成语使用正确的一项是A.我亲眼看到以动荡的船为家的渔民们安之若素,举止泰然。B.没想到在人地生疏的西安碰到了老同学,他高兴得不知所措。C.他就是臭名昭著、大名鼎鼎的一霸——黄石。D.草丛中不时传来蟋蟀那悦耳的歌声,响遏行云。4.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是 A. 通过开展食品安全进校园活动,使同学们了解“QS” 食品标识、“三无”食品的识别方法。B. 为方便广大学生及家长了解国家教育收费政策,投诉、举报教育乱收费问题,教育部日前开通了教育乱收费举报电话。C. 之所以取得今天这样的成绩,关键在于他善于动员和启发同学们参加体育活动的积极性。D. 文学事业是一种精神劳动,对于从事这种精神劳动并卓有成效者,政府应给予奖励。5.下面语段中,依次填入关联词语最恰当的一项是在各领域中,如果你想成为一个创新的好手, 需要下很多工夫,花许多的时间。天才固然重要, 刻苦和勤奋有时候比天才更加重要。 一个人只有天才却不刻苦,那什么事都做不成。A. 因此 但是 即使 B. 那么 但是 如果 C. 也 而且 即使 D. 那么 而且 因为 6.下面语句中有关文学常识及课文内容的描述有误的一项是 A.《师说》的作者韩愈,被列为唐宋八大散文家之首。B.《读〈孟尝君传〉》选自《临川先生集》,作者王安石,北宋政治家、文学家。C.《孔乙己》是鲁迅先生自己最喜欢的一篇长篇小说,他笔下的“孔乙己”和吴敬梓笔下的“范进” 都是受封建科举毒害的读书人。D.契诃夫是19世纪后期俄国著名的批判现实主义作家。他在《变色龙》一文中通过描绘警官奥楚蔑洛夫处理“狗咬人”事件,塑造了一个见风使舵、趋炎附势、媚上欺下、阿谀奉承的沙皇忠实走狗形象。 二、填空(共8分)7.默写(5分)(1) ,一览众山小。(杜甫《望岳》)(1分)(2)无丝竹之乱耳, 。(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)(1分)(3)凄神寒骨,______________。(柳宗元《小石潭记》)(1分)(4)《岳阳楼记》中既赞美滕子京政绩,又交代了重修岳阳楼背景的句子是 , 。(2分)8.名著阅读(3分)《 ① 》是我国第一部诗歌总集,共305首,又称“诗三百”。分为 ② 三部分,其常用的三种表现手法为赋、比、兴。其中的爱情诗大多在诉说相思之苦,如我们学过的《 ③ 》就描写了一个男子想追寻所爱之人但路远水长,不能如愿,因痴迷而产生幻觉的情景。三、综合性学习(共10分)每逢佳节,市场上总会涌现一大批包装精美、价格昂贵的商品,传统的新春佳节将至,商品过度包装现象再次引起人们的注意。为此学校开展了一系列的调查研究活动,请你完成下列任务。9.下面是同学进行调查问卷的统计表,请你从中提取两条主要信息(4分) 消费者对商品包装程度的认同率不要包装适度包装精致包装豪华包装6.28%85.42%7.43%0.33%消费者认为商品存在过度包装状况调查结果主要信息: ① ② 10.根据下面的资料,请你概括出商品过度包装带来的危害。(每空用4个字回答)(4分)【材料一】在年年喊打中“愈挫愈勇”的商品过度包装,却总是在演绎着一件件荒唐事:一瓶五粮液酒辅以180克千足金的盖头和底座竟然标价29万多元;一盒600克的榨菜配以一套纯银碗筷的包装之后叫价2200元;一盒普通的月饼配上所谓的银勺银匙要价数千元……这些商品的包装价值远远超过本身的价值,消费者出了几倍、几百倍的价钱并没有得到相应的等价物。商品价格的这种增长,无疑严重损害了消费者利益。【材料二】包装业所用的纸张、橡胶、玻璃、木材等材料,是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的资源,而过度包装则浪费了这些宝贵的资源。【材料三】 据调查:30%城市生活垃圾为包装性垃圾,50%包装性垃圾为过度包装。过度包装产生的生活垃圾大多无法进入正常处理系统进行处理,对城市生态环境造成影响,对土壤、大气、水体造成污染。【材料四】 产品的过度包装中一种很通常的做法就是“搭售”名贵物品,如名酒、名表、首饰,这种做法在一定程度上造成了生产商之间的不正当竞争行为和弄虚作假等不良社会风气 。答: ① ② ③ ④ 11. 针对商品过度包装问题,下列几项措施中针对性不强的一项是 。(填写序号即可)(2分) ①完善现行的法律、法规和行业标准,出台《包装法》。 ②通过价格和税收等调节手段,研究制订遏制商品过度包装的价格政策和税收 政策,限制过度包装和搭售其他物品。 ③通过宣传教育,增强全体公民的资源节约意识。例如制定鼓励中小套型住宅的开发、购买政策。 ④严厉打击利用商品过度包装进行虚假宣传的行为,鼓励人民群众对过度包装进行举报。 四、文言文阅读(共10分)阅读《出师表》(节选),完成第12-15题。先帝创业未半而中道崩殂,今天下三分,益州疲弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。 宫中府中,俱为一体,陟罚臧否,不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理,不宜偏私,使内外异法也。 侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益。 将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所。 亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。 臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。 先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、祎、允之任也。12.下列语句中加点字意思相同的一项是 。(2分)?A.还于旧都 扁鹊望桓侯而还走 B.进尽忠言 岂足以言得士C.宜付有司论其刑赏 宜可以南面而制秦 D.苟全性命于乱世 苟富贵,无相忘13.解释下列语句中加点词的意思。(2分)?(1)是以先帝简拔以遗陛下 (2)先帝不以臣卑鄙 14.用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。(4分)?(1)必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所 翻译: (2)此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也 翻译: 15.诸葛亮“遂许先帝以驱驰”的原因是什么?(用原文回答)(2分)答: 五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)阅读《轻放》,完成第16-18题。(共14分)轻 放安宁①走廊里的声控灯,很早以前就坏了。每次走到门口,同租三室一厅的几个人,都会习惯性地叹口气,在黑暗中摸索着将门打开,又重重地关上,似乎想要以此发泄对那一脸晦暗的廊灯的愤恨。其实,楼下的小卖部里,摆满了各种各样的灯泡,而且价格低廉到不过是坐一站公交车的价格,但包括我在内的所有人,谁都没有想起,在买泡面的时候,顺手捎带一个灯泡上来。 ②父亲过来看我,走到门口,看见我费力地用手机里微弱的光线照明,立刻放下手里的东西,说声“稍等”,便下了楼。不过是几分钟的工夫,他便拿了一个灯泡上来,一声不响地安好。然后,他轻轻一击掌,昔日暗淡无光的走廊,瞬间便有了温暖通透的光亮,我站在门口,看父亲脸上淡然的微笑,便说:“你可真是光明使者呢,你一来,这灯就好了。” ③父亲却扭过身来,正对着我,说:“其实路过的每一个人,都可以是光明使者,不过是一块五毛钱的灯泡,顺手就捎过来了,何必每次总是感叹世风日下,自己却始终不去动手呢?” ④我笑,“可不是人人都像您这样乐于助人,况且,这还是租来的房子,这走廊,也属于公共的区域,不只我们这一层,楼上的人也都要从此经过呢。” ⑤父亲没吱声,只拿起身边的扫帚,边一层层地扫着楼梯上丢掉的烟头、纸屑、菜叶,边哼起他惯唱的京剧。有人从他身边经过,他便停下来,将身子朝楼梯一侧,又朝来人笑着点一点头,表示让对方先行。而路人总是诧异地看父亲一眼,又微微地停一下,这才在父亲的笑意里,慌乱地点一下头,匆匆离去。那脚步的失措,看上去有些逃的意思。 ⑥我在晚饭的时候,便抱怨他,说:“何必对陌生人这样殷勤?他们指不定在心里觉得你有毛病呢。”父亲呷下一口酒,道:“我管不着别人心里怎么想,但我开心就可以啊,况且,我就不信你给别人微笑,他还能泼你一盆冷水不成?所谓寻开心,就是这样,你自己不去主动找,它还会自登家门?” ⑦几日后,翻起账本,突然想起一个借钱的熟人,当时他信誓旦旦,说三个月后肯定一分不少地全都打到我的账户里来,可是又过去两个月了,他不仅没有打钱,连一个解释的电话都没有。气愤之下,我抄起电话便要质问熟人。父亲得知后将我拦住,说:“钱既然已经借出去了,就不必再催了。”我不解,说:“难道就让这笔钱白白地给他了不成?这样不守信用的人,你又何必跟他客气?” ⑧父亲一声不响地拿过我的账本,将我记下的还款日期一栏“啪”的一道线勾掉,这才说:“何时你将心里那个还款的日期,也一并改成无期限的时候,就不会像现在这样气愤了;假如人家忙得忘记了,你过去一通责问,那岂不是彼此坏了感情?一笔钱丢掉不要紧,连带地连一个朋友也给弄丢了,那就得不偿失了。” ⑨我依然心里憋闷,说:“可是我觉得这个人根本就是故意忘记的,我刚刚听说他借过别人的钱,每次别人一催,他就推说下个月还,结果是几个月过去了,还是没有丝毫要还的迹象。” ⑩父亲依然不紧不慢地喝一口茶,道:“如果他真是一个常占便宜的人,那你这钱,丢了也没有关系,能够用钱测出一个人的深浅,并在以后的路上,尽可能地远离这样的人,不是更好吗?况且,如果他不打算还你,你再怎样地催促,也是得不到这笔钱的,不如心中先放下,这样轻松的是你,而他,则会在你的安静里,心里有小小的失落与不安。”⑾隔着十几年的光阴看过去,我第一次发觉,硕士毕业的我,从书本中得到的那些东西,在没有读过几本书的父亲面前,原来是如此的苍白且无力。人生中一切矛盾的化解,并不是拿尖锐的刀子划过,而是那最朴素最温暖的轻轻一放。16.阅读全文内容,完成下面表格。(3分)父亲来我家做的三件事我的表现换公共走廊灯泡②打扫公共楼梯主动与陌生人点头微笑③①反省,理解 17.依据全文内容,请用简要的语言说说你对“轻放” 含义的理解。(4 分)答: 18.结合作品⑦--⑩段内容,分析父亲是如何影响教育儿子的,从中可以看出父亲这一人物形象具有怎样的特点?(不超过150个字)(7分)答: (二)阅读下面文字,完成第19-20题。(共7分) 给抗生素“把把脉”①1943年,青霉素的诞生开启了抗菌疗法的黄金时代,其后还出现了青霉素钠、青霉素钾、阿莫西林等常用抗生素。但是,在抗生素投入使用至今60多年间,很多细菌对对抗生素产生了严重的耐药性,有的甚至产生了多重耐药性。这些耐药细菌毒力很强,大多数高效抗生素战胜不了。曾经只需20万单位的青霉素就足以杀灭的肺炎球菌,如今出现了新种,几百万单位的青霉素也征服不了它们。近年来还出现了超级细菌,最著名的是源于南亚的NDM-1超级细菌。而2011年美国出现的CRKP超级细菌,则比以往细菌的耐药性更强,人感染这种细菌后的死亡率达到35%以上。为对付细菌耐药性,医药学家又开发出头孢氨苄、头孢曲松钠等药物,直到最新的碳青霉素,但也赶不上细菌突变的步子。②这一切与人类滥用抗生素息息相关。科学家们指出,滥用抗生素从多种途径促进了细菌耐药性的增强。滥用抗生素唤醒了细菌中原本沉默的耐药基因,即当我们大量使用抗生素的时候,对抗生素敏感的细菌会被快速杀死,而留下含有耐药基因的细菌,并大量生长。再者,细菌体内有一个SOS修复系统,可以帮助细菌修复来自外界的损伤,而滥用抗生素增强了细菌的修复功能。滥用抗生素还会诱导细菌感受态的产生。感受态是细菌的一种容易接受外源基因片段的状态。例如,肉类制品上如果残留有耐药基因片段,很容易被体内处于感受态的细菌接受,从而造成人体细菌耐药性的增强。③造成滥用抗生素的原因有很多,厂家、药店、医院,受利益驱动热衷于生产、销售、使用抗生素药品,这是根本原因。药监部门监管不力也难辞其咎。针对目前抗生素市场流通方面存在的问题,由于无法对药店持有的药方进行核实,药监部门开展的清查整顿效果有限。更关键的是科学教育和普及工作不到位,许多患者缺乏合理使用抗生素的常识,盲目依赖抗生素,这就加速了体内耐药菌的增长。④就患者而言,合理用药成了当务之急。抗生素只对细菌引发的病症有效,病毒感染造成的疾病切不可使用抗生素。使用抗生素要严遵医嘱:不能同时服用几种抗生素类药物;不能随意改变服药时间,间隔太近会引发肠胃不适,间隔太久则药物对细菌的抵抗力会减弱。⑤只有给抗生素“把把脉”,明确症结所在,及时对症下药,才能让它更好地造福人类。19.第②段结尾处的例子意在说明: 。(3分)20.日常生活中人们由于缺乏合理使用抗生素的常识,盲目依赖抗生素的例很多:王阿姨出现了头痛、发烧等症状,因为家里还有阿莫西林和头孢氨苄胶囊,她就自行服用了这些药。不见好转,第二天,经医生检查,她患的是流行性感冒且非细菌性,医生给她开了药,于是服用。第三天,为让自己早点痊愈,王阿姨在服用医生开的药的基础上还加服了原有的头孢氨苄胶囊。请你结合文章内容和下面材料,简要分析王阿姨的做法有哪些错误。(4分)【材料】感冒是常见的疾病,有病毒性的,有细菌性的,还有更复杂的。病毒是形态最小、结构最简单的一类微生物。人类传染病中的80%是由病毒引起的,如天花、麻疹、流行性感冒等。流行性感冒在没有并发症的情形下7-10天左右痊愈,但有的人会感到疲乏无力,且会持续2-3周。答: (三)阅读下面文字,完成第21-23题。(共9分)谈欣赏①许多年轻人都喜欢可口可乐。为什么?可口可乐不仅味道独特瓶体更是独特:眼睛看着外观美,手掌握着不滑脱。这个独特的瓶子是怎么设计出来的呢?当年,有一个叫路透的青年制瓶工人在与女友约会时,非常欣赏女友穿的套裙,由欣赏产生联想,设计出了瓶子的图纸,获得了专利,并且在1923年被可口可乐公司用600万美元买走了。正是欣赏激发了路透的创造力,可见,欣赏十分重要。②欣赏能够让人的心态充满阳光。有了这种心态,即便冬天来了,也会说,春天还会远吗?即便无路可走了,也会说,路不都是人走出来的吗?即便有人犯错了,也会说,人非圣贤,孰能无过?这种阳光心态有一个稳定的基因:积极多于消极、乐观多于悲观、自信多于自卑。这种心态,在欣赏别人中展现了自身人格的魅力。可是在现实生活中还有一些人尚未学会欣赏。这种人,对人、对事、对物,要么以粗求精、以浅揣深,要么以一己之心、一时之情来度社会之腹、时令之变。这样,不仅白白丢掉了欣赏的情趣,而且平添了几分忧愁。这委实不值得、不必要。③ 。善于欣赏的人,有一种容得下他人才华和长处的胸襟,并将这些才华长处为己所用,从而成就一番事业。萧何欣赏韩信,月下追来的不只是韩信,而是汉朝的江山;诸葛亮欣赏相貌丑陋的妻子,得其所授而造木牛流马;唐太宗欣赏敢于直谏的魏征,从而开创了“贞观之治”的盛世局面……这种欣赏,体现着一个人的胸怀和智慧。周瑜本是一员不可多得之将才,却因为对诸葛亮的嫉妒而饮恨终身。这样的人,终究不会成功。④一个不会欣赏或欣赏力低下的人,胸怀和智慧极其有限。因为,惟有欣赏,才能领略,才能让心头充满阳光,你才会发现人生之旅中更多的美丽和情韵,自身的胸襟和生存的意义将更加博大广泛。用欣赏的心态和胸襟待人行事,我们的人生会进入一个更高的境界。21.本文的中心论点是怎样提出的?(2分) 答: 22. 请你在第③段开头横线处填写一句话,表明本段的观点。(3分)答: 23.分析文章第②段的论证过程。(4分)答: 六、作文(50分)24.请以“从那一刻开始”为题目,写一篇文章。要求: (1)将题目抄写在答题卡上。(2)不限文体(诗歌除外)。(3)字数在600-1000之间。(4)作文中不要出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名。怀柔区2012—2013年度初三第一学期期末质量检测语文试卷参考答案一、选择(共12分)题 号123456答 案BDA B BC二、填空(共8分)7.默写(5分)(1)会当凌绝顶(2)无案牍之劳形(3)悄怆幽邃(4)政通人和,百废具兴8.名著阅读(3分)诗经 风、雅、颂 《蒹葭》三、综合性学习(共10分)9.主要信息:(4分)①商品适度包装的认同率高,豪华包装认同率低。(2分)②消费者认为:名酒、保健品等商品过度包装情况最严重;茶叶次之;干果品、水产品商品包装相对适度。(2分)10.(4分)①损害利益 ②浪费资源 ③污染环境 ④败坏风气11. (2分)③四、文言文阅读(共10分)阅读《出师表》(节选),完成第12-15题。12. (2分)C. 13.(2分)(1)遗:给予。 (2)身份低微,见识短浅 (每小题1分)14.(4分)(1)一定能使军队和睦团结,好的差的各得其所。(2)这些就是我(诸葛亮)用来报答先帝(刘备)并且尽忠于陛下(刘禅)的职责与本分。(每句2分)15.(2分)先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)阅读《轻放》,完成第16-18题。(共14分)16.(3分)①劝我不要催促朋友还钱②不屑、辩解③抱怨、责怪(嗔怪)17.(4 分)(1)告诉人们应该少一些抱怨,多一些行动,从自我做起;(2)用真诚、宽容、友善的方式对人对事;(3)化解矛盾不能用偏激的方式。18.(7分)答案示例:作品⑦--⑩写父亲劝我不要催促朋友还钱的过程,父亲首先从借钱者做出善意的推断“人家忙得忘记了”, 又告诉我不要为此伤了朋友感情,最后告诉我如遇人不良,也不如心中先放下的道理。以此循循善诱劝解儿子,可以看出父亲这一人物形象的主要特点是友善待人、重义轻财、处理矛盾不偏激,用宽容的心态对人对事。(二)阅读下面文字,完成第19-20题。(共7分) 19.(3分)滥用抗生素是如何诱导细菌感受态产生,造成人体细菌耐药性增强的。20.(4分)阿莫西林、头孢氨苄胶囊都是抗生素,而使用抗生素要严遵医嘱,自行服用是错误的;且同时服用几种抗生素类药物也不行;王阿姨患的是流行性感冒且非细菌性,属于病毒感染,不可使用抗生素;流行性感冒在没有并发症的情形痊愈时间一般为7-10天,过于心急又滥用了抗生素头孢氨苄胶囊。(三)阅读下面文字,完成第21-23题。(共9分)21.(2分)以一个青年因为对女友套裙的欣赏而受到启发,从而设计出巧妙实用的可口可乐瓶子的事例,引出中心论点。22.( 3分)欣赏还能够助人成就一番事业。23.( 4分)首先提出本段的观点:欣赏能够让人的心态充满阳光;接着从正面阐释欣赏心态对人对事的表现和原因,又从反面分析尚未学会欣赏的人的表现和后果进行对比论证,有力地证明了拥有阳光心态的重要性,从而证明了欣赏的重要。六、作文(50分)24.作文。(50分)作文评分标准 项目等级内容、表达(46分)说明书写(4分)一类卷(50—43)要求:符合题意,内容具体,中心明确;条理清楚,结构合理;语言通顺,有2处以下语病。赋分范围:46—39分以42分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。4分书写工整,标点正确,错别字2个以下,格式规范。二类卷(42—37)要求:比较符合题意,内容比较具体,中心比较明确;条理比较清楚,结构比较合理;语言比较通顺,有3—4处语病。赋分范围:38—33分以36分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。3分书写工整,标点大体正确,错别字3—4个,格式规范。三类卷(36—30)要求:基本符合题意,内容尚具体,中心基本明确;条理基本清楚,结构基本完整;语言基本通顺,有5—6处语病。赋分范围:32—26分以29分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。2分字迹不够清楚,标点错误较多,错别字5—7个,格式大体规范。四类卷(29—0)要求:不符合题意,内容空洞,中心不明确;条理不清楚,结构不完整;语言不通顺,有7处以上语病。赋分范围:25—0分以17分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。1—0分字迹潦草,难以辨认,标点错误很多,错别字8个以上,格式不规范。说明: 1.字数不足600字,每少50字扣1分,最多扣3分。2.不写标题扣2分。3.作文中如出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名,从总得分中扣4分。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 北京市怀柔区2013届九年级上学期期末考试化学试题.doc 北京市怀柔区2013届九年级上学期期末考试数学试题.doc 北京市怀柔区2013届九年级上学期期末考试物理试题.doc 北京市怀柔区2013届九年级上学期期末考试英语试题.doc 北京市怀柔区2013届九年级上学期期末考试语文试题.doc