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(共20张PPT)
Unit 4
Grammar and usage
Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements
Do you know about something Tu Youyou
Lead-in
Exploring the rules
1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria.
2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
3. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
4. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
5. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.
Read the following sentences and pay special attention to the underlined part.
They are all verb-ed （过去分词）forms.
The functions of verb-ed （过去分词）forms
过去分词
V-ed
定语(attributive)
状语(adverbial)
宾语补足语
(object complement)
动词-ed形式作定语，有以下几种情况：
1. The road is covered with fallen leaves.
2. Used cars are less expensive.
3. （1）Mr. Wang is a respected teacher.
（2）The scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.
Exploring the rules
动词-ed形式作定语
不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已经发生的动作。
及物动词的-ed形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义。
单个动词-ed形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；
动词-ed 形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。
▲单个V-ed作定语，原则上是前置的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在习惯上或因为受到某些限制，则放在被修饰词之后。
1. He has spent all the money donated.
2. This will be the best novel of its kind written.
3. Who were the so-called guests invited
4. She always ate the food left.
1. 被修饰词前有all, every等表“全部”概念的词修饰时；
2. 被修饰词前有最高级；
3. 被修饰语过长或有其他定语；
4. 习惯上作后置定语的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)
他花光了所有捐赠的钱。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
昨晚被邀请那些所谓的客人是谁呀
她总吃剩饭。
a. the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
b. a letter written to me by my daughter
= a letter that was written to me by my
daughter
一封我女儿写给我的信
去年生产的彩色电视机
V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
（1）Seen from the top of the mountain, the river looks like a dragon.
（2）Greatly interested, I began to read the book.
（3）The professor entered the hall, followed by a group of students.
Exploring the rules
动词-ed形式作状语
时间
原因
伴随
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as adverbials
动词-ed形式作状语
The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed
by some students.
2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent.
3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work
much better.
4. Left alone at home, the little boy didn't feel afraid at all.
5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some
students.
时间
原因
条件
让步
伴随
V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句；
When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.
Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
If we were given more time, we would be able to do the
work much better.
Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didn’t
feel afraid at all.
V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个
并列句；
V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
Change the sentences into complete ones.
1. When heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. Unless invited, I won't attend his wedding.
3. Once caught smoking in the kitchen, the cook will be fired.
When it is heated, ice will be changed into
water.
Unless I am invited, I won't attend his wedding.
Once the cook is caught smoking in the
kitchen, he will be fired.
V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:
while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。
动词-ed形式可在see、hear、notice、feel、have、make、 keep、leave等动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I have never heard this song sung in English.
Exploring the rules
动词-ed形式作补足语
1. 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：
watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel,
notice, find等。
① When we got to school, we saw the
door locked.
② He found his house broken into
when he got back home.
V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：
① You'd better keep the guests seated.
② We're having our car repaired.
③ She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。
如：have, make, get, keep等。
3. 表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。
如：want, expect, would like, wish,
order等。
① The teacher wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
② I want the suit made to his own measure.
4. 在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补
足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、
条件、原因等状语。
① The murderer was brought in, with his
hands tied behind his back.
② With water heated, we can see the steam.

③ With the matter settled, we all went
home.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)
1. The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) ________ (active/passive) meaning.
2. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) ________________ (relative clause/adverbial clause).
3. The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.
passive
relative clause
Working out the rules
Exploring the rules
A
1. This is the problem ________(discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
2. The boy entered the room, ______(follow) by a big dog.
3. It’s wrong for the _______(develop) countries to control the world.
4. I have collected the money ______(need).
5. We heard the song ______(sing) next the door.
6. ______(explain) a hundred times, he still can’t understand it
7. ______(give) another 10 days, we are sure to complete repairing the machine.
discussed
followed
developed
needed
sung
Explained
Given
定语
伴随状语
定语
宾补
宾补
让步状语
条件状语
Exercise
过去分词
V-ed
定语
状语
宾语补足语
Homework
1. Finish textbook P49 B1
2. Finish the workbook.

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