资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Verb-ed forms as attributives,adverbials and object complements.
1 . Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People ' s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize , awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria . . .
2.. . . malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival .
3 . Born in 1930 , in Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955 .
4 . Inspired by a 1,700 - year - old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water , Tu redesigned the experiments . . .
5 . When he arrived at his office , he found his desk removed already .
语法感知
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的位置
1)前置定语
一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera .
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
The recovered animals will be released soon .
痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后， left (剩余的) given (所给的) concerned (有关的)等。
There are few tigers left . It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out .
剩余的老虎不多了,是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no 与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved 还有什么没解决的吗？
2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area , there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately ( = which were killed almost immediately ) when lightning struck .
上周二在一个山区,有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。
2.过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动; 在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。
Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof . (表示被动)
卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气,煤气装在车顶上的大袋子中。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon . (表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
( 2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week .
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning .
早上已升起的太阳正灿烂地照耀着。
过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：
语态
时态
被动
主动
完成
进行
形式
意义
过去分词
现在分词
As we all know , China is a developing country .
The visitor came from a developed country .
过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动语态（being done）与动词不定式(to be done)作定语的区别：
意义
形式
语态
时态
done
being done
to be done
被动
被动
被动
完成
进行
尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building .
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building . 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building .
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动的或完成的动作, 这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
Written in a hurry , this article was not so good .
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。本句中的written 即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写完。
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
1.过去分词作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his address ( = When he was asked about his address ) , the boy didn ' t respond .
问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。
2.过去分词作原因状语,在句中相当子一个原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision ( = As he was annoyed at the decision ) , he refused to attend the meeting .
由于生气这个决定,他拒绝参加会议。
3.过去分词作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given more time ( = If they were given more time ) the trees could grow taller .
如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。
Heated to a high temperature ( = If it is heated to a high temperature ) , water will change into vapor .
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸汽。
4.过去分词作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though having been warned of the storm ( = Though they had been warned of the storm ) , the farmers were still working in the fields .
尽管被警告过有暴风雨,农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
5.过去分词作方式、伴随状语。
Followed by a group of students , the teacher entered the classroom .
= The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students .
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
注意:
过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上 when , if , while , though , even if , until , unless等连词 , 这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
Even if invited ( = Even if I ' m invited ) , I won ' t take part in the party .
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会的。
现在分词也可以作状语,与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:
两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
The girl went out , shutting the door behind her .
女孩出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do , she went to her parents for help .
由于不知如何是好,她去找父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more encouragement , the girl could have behaved better .
如果多给这个女孩一些鼓励,她本来会表现得更好。
Faced with , you must try to overcome them .
在遇到困难时,你必须设法去克服。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示 “被动关系”,其前不用being 。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost in (陷入某种状态)、seated((坐着的)、 hidden (躲着 ) . lost / absorbed(沉溺于 ) dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought , she didn ' t hear the sound .
沉溺于思考中,她没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town , the girl hates to leave it .
出生于这个美丽的小镇,女孩不愿离开它。
三 、过去分词作宾补
1 .过去分词用在表状态的keep,leave 等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office , leaving the breakfast untouched .
他起床晚了,没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2 .过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
( 1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义: “ 让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left .
While they were on holiday , they had their car broken into .
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English .
3 . 感官动词see , hear , notice , observe , watch , feel , find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow , we decided to spend the holiday at home .
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed .
第二天早晨，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全部变了样。
4 .表示“意愿；命令”的动词 , 如like , want , wish , expect , order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week .
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy , with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked .
客厅既干净又整洁,已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner , and with his work finished , he gladly accepted it .
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
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