资源简介 2023年高考英语词法精讲:代词用法归纳一、连接代词的用法归纳1、连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whoever 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句:What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来很有道理。The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。Ill take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。Take whichever seat you like 你喜欢坐哪个座位就座哪个?【说明】who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语。2、what 的两种用法请看以下两个句子:I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。上面第一句中的 what 表示“什么”,带有疑问的意味;第二句中的 what 表示“所…的一切事或东西”,其意义上大致相当于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等,又如:What [=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。He saves what [= all that] he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。Call it what [= anything that]you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词:He gave me what money [= all the money that] he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 3、whatever, whoever, whichever用法说明主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句:He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。【说明】其中的 ever 主要用于加强语气,含有“一切”“任何”“无论”之意。使用这类词时,注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。Anyone who comes first can get a ticket. Whoever comes first can get a ticket.二、疑问代词的用法归纳1、疑问代词的用法疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等:Who is your English teacher 你们的英语老师是谁?Whose is this umbrella 这伞是谁的?Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞?What question did he ask 他问了什么问题?Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡,你喜欢那样?【说明】who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语,what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。2、两组疑问代词的用法比较1. who 与 whom:前者为主格,用作主语,后者为宾格,用作宾格:Who spoke at the meeting 谁在会上发言了?Whom are you talking about 你们在谈论谁?但是,当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时,通常可用who 代之:Who(m) is the letter from 这信是谁寄来的?若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom。2. what, which 与 who:① 若后接名词(即用作限定词),只用which和what,不能用who:Which / What train did you come on 你是坐哪次火车来的?What和 which 的区别是:当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用 which;当选择的范围较大或不明确时,多用 what:Which color do you like, red, black or white 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?What color is your car 你的汽车是什么颜色的?但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用 which:Which [What] writers do you like 你喜欢哪些作家?② 若其后不接名词(即用作代词),三者均可用,which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who,它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人),不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用:Who is your favorite poet 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可用which或which one代之:Who [Which /Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?③ 由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,表示其他的人(或事物),但通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:Who (What) else did you see there 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西) 3、两类易混句型的区别请先看以下两句:What do you think he wants 你认为他想要什么?Do you know what he wants 你知道他想要什么吗?上面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成Do you think what he wants What do you know he wants 其原则区别是:可以用 yes 或 no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等:Where do you suppose he has gone 你认为他去什么地方了? 4、两个疑问代词同用的情况请看以下实例:Where and when were you born 你出生在何时何地?When and how did he go there 他是什么时候、怎么去那儿的? 三、指示代词的用法归纳1、指示代词的基本用法指示代词(this, that, these, those)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语:This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的,那是我的。I want this book, not that book. 我要这本书,不是那本书。【说明】指示代词用作主语和定语时,可指人或物;用作宾语和表语时,只指物。如This is my father. this 在句中作作主语,可以指人,但是在Do you know this 中,this作宾语,此句只能理解为“你知道这个情况吗?”不能理解为“你认识这个人吗?” 2、表替代的that 与 those有时为了避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词:The population of China is much larger that that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)3、this 与 that用法比较1. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或 that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this:She married Jim, and this [that] surprised me. 她嫁给了吉姆,这使我感到很吃惊。【说明】回指上文的 that 在译成汉语时,通常却译为“这”:2. 在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?但在美国英语中指对方时也可用 this。3. 除用作代词外,this 和that 都可用作副词,与形容词或副词连用,其义为“这么”“那么”(=so):Its about this (that) high. 大约这(那)么高。4、this 的特殊用法注意以下各句中this 的用法:He will be in Paris this day next week. 下个星期的今天他将在巴黎了。He will come here this day next month. 他将在下个月的今天来这儿。比较:He got married ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天结婚的。四、反身代词用法归纳 1、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。 2、oneself与himself当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself:One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。3、反身代词的句法功能:1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情况是这样的。3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态:Ill be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。4. 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as.as等):My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jims sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。五、物主代词用法归纳1、物主代词的用法物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。如:His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家She clasped Helens hand in both hers. 她用双手握住海伦自手。He lives in the house which is opposite ours. 他住在我们家对面的房子里。Our school beat theirs at baseball. 棒球赛我们学校打赢了他们的学校。【说明】可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs),但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, theirs),但是“名词+of it”有时可用来代替“its+名词”,如 its price 也可说成 the price of it。2、物主代词与own 连用为了强调,有时可在物主代词后加上own一词。如:Mind your own business. 别管闲事。I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。She had made her own tragedy. 她造成了自己的悲剧。Her private morality is her own business. 她的个人品德是她自己的事。I feel that I knew about the value of my own work. 我感觉我了解我自己工作的价值。【说明】又可用 of ones own 置于名词后作定语。如:We have no children of our own. 我们没有自己的孩子。I wish I had a little lab of my own. 但愿我有自己的一间小实验室。We would be glad to have money of our own. 我们愿意有自己的钱。These professors had opinions of their own. 这些教授们有合己的看法。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览