资源简介

(共41张PPT)
Grammar
Ellipsis (省略）
Jack:
Henry:
Jack:
Hi, Henry! Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
(1) No, I didn’t.
What a pity! I highly recommend it. (2) You can watch it online if you want to. It’s about some of the worst environmental problems we’re facing today. Global warming, for example, is a major problem caused by greenhouse gases. It may lead to extreme weather events: droughts, heatwaves and so on. (3) I felt worried when watching the documentary.
Henry:
Jack:
Henry:
Jack:
Henry:
Does it also talk about solutions to these problems
Yes. It includes interviews with more than 20 of the world’s leading experts on environmental issues. All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. (4) Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
I wish we could also do something to help. (5) Got any ideas
What about making a brochure about environmental problems
(6) Sounds great! Let’s get started after lunch.
1 What is the documentary about
2 How did Jack feel when watching the documentary
3 What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems
1 What is the documentary about
It’s about environmental protection. / It’s about some of the worst environmental problems we are facing today.
2 How did Jack feel when watching the documentary
He felt worried when watching the documentary.
3 What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems
Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
1 No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It / That
Write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below.
P6
We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid
(1) ___________ (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
in short responses;
in infinitives;
after some conjunctions like if, when and while;
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in
(2) __________ (informal/formal) speech.
repeating
Working out the rules
informal
P6
Ellipsis (省略）
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
定义
运用省略手法，可以避免重复，使句子简练。常见的省略现象有以下几种：
一.在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语+动词。例如：　
(Are you) Ready
Notes
非正式，省主动
一 简单句中的省略
二 .在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。例如：
—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn’t (go to the museum yesterday)
Notes
短对话，留主助
一 简单句中的省略
一 简单句中的省略
三、 祈使句中主语通常省略
Doesn’t matter.
( It ) doesn’t matter.
( It ) Sounds like a good idea.
四.在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。例如：
(1) Peter entered the classroom and (Peter) sat at his desk.
(2) I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing.
(3) What I said made Jack happy but (what I said made)
Jane angry.
并列句，省相同
二 并列句中的省略
在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and Mr. Smith handed it to a policeman.
二 并列句中的省略
2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but his advice made Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob was born in winter in 1989.
5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and because he had missed the train.
1.when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；
2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句；
3.though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；
4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；
5. wherever引导的地点状语从句
若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且谓语是be时，常同时省略从句的主语和be。
1. 状语从句中的省略
三 复合句中的省略
状从，省主be
When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.
When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.
he
If he is free, Jack will go with us.
he was
If free, Jack will go with us.
he is
Unless invited, he won’t come.
Unless he is invited, he won’t come.
he
While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music.
he is
While doing house work, my father often listens to music.
he is
he
Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not (handle) properly, may lead to serious problems.
I’d like to invite you to the coming party, which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as (expect)
3. Students are not supposed to come in until (ask) to.
handled
expected
asked
4. —Is he coming back tonight
—I think .
5. When (walk) alone in the middle of the night, I sensed someone was following me.
6. You may have finished your homework. If (如果这样), you can go on to play football.
7. You should let us know the result .(如有可能)
8. There are few people, (如果有的话), who remember him.
if possible
if any
so
walking
so
2. 定语从句中的省略：
1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词
whom，which，that可省略。
如：
我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。
The film star______________ I like most is Bruce Lee.
我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。
We have a history______________ we are proud of.
(whom/who/that)
(which/that)
三 复合句中的省略
判断正误：
这是我的妻子，我的一切都归功于她。
This is my wife, I owe everything to. ( )
见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。
The day I saw her was the greatest of my life. ( )
注意：关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，即使在从句中作宾语，_________。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词_________。
√
whom/who
∧
×
on which
不可省略
不可省略
2) 定语从句中修饰way 的关系词 可以省略。
如：
The way that / in which he speaks to us is really annoying.
The way he speaks to us is really annoying.
3. 名词性从句中的省略：
1)在say, know, think, believe, suppose, consider, find, decide等动词后面所接的一个宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若后接多个宾语从句，只有第一个连词that可省略，其余的连词that不能省略。如：
I think that you like me, do you
我们的语 文老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应
该把它记住。
Our Chinese teacher said that the text was very
important_______________________________.
and that we should
remember it
三 复合句中的省略
宾从一可省，后皆不可省
2) 在与request, advise, suggest, recommend demand, require, insist, order, command 等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。如：
汤姆建议我们去看电影《功夫熊猫》。
Tom suggested that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
It was suggested that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
Tom made the suggestion that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
Tom’s suggestion was that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
宾 语
主 语
同位语
表 语
1) 保留不定式符号to的场合：
① 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如want ， like，love，care，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse, mean, agree, afford, forget，remember，try，manage等。如：
对不起，伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。
I’m sorry I hurt your feelings. I ____________.
didn’t intend to
四 不定式中的省略
② 不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常见动词如ask，advise，persuade, tell, wish, allow, permit, force等。如：
最后他们照我的话做了。
At last they did as I told them to. (___补)
如果不是迫不得已，他是不会娶她的。
He would not have married her if he had not been forced to. (___补)
她想来但她父母不让她来。(allow)
She wants to come but her parents won’t
___________.
allow her to
宾
主
1. 不定式做介词but，except等的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，须省略不定式符号to。如：
They nothing but watch TV last night.
昨晚他们只看了电视，其他什么都没有干。
I don’t want to anything except________. 除了帮助你们，我什么事情都不想做。
He had no choice but ________________.
他别无选择，只能跟她说了真话。
help you
to tell her the truth
did
do
四 不定式中的省略
2. 在感官动词see, look at, hear, listen to, watch, notice，observe，feel，和使役动词have，make，let等词后作宾语补足语时，须省略不定式符号to。如：
昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。
Yesterday I listened to Mary speak movingly about her love story once again.
她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。
Her love story always makes me cry.
判断正误：
He was seen to cheat in the exam. ( )
有人看见他考试作了弊。
He was made to admit that he had cheated in the exam. ( )他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。
注:以上动词若可用于被动语态,不定式符号to不可省略。
√
√
1. 虚拟条件句中如有were, had, should,可省略if,
将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。如:
如果我是你的话，我就会努力学习。
If I were you, I would study hard.
__________, I would study hard.
早知如此，我就不来了。
If I had known it, I would not have come.
_____________, I would not have come.
如果你明天遇到周杰伦，你会对他说什么
If you should meet Jay Chou tomorrow,
what would you say to him
_______________ Jay Chou tomorrow,
what would you say to him
Should you meet
Had I known it
Were I you
虚拟条件句中的省略
1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常见的句型有
spend/waste time (in) doing；
have difficult/trouble (in) doing；
be busy (in) doing；
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
六、介词的省略
2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。
He did it (in) this way.
Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空)
China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空)
than
feeding
“Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
When ________ (combine) with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)
asking
combined
Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)
One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
but
to speak
B1 Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
1 I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2 Cows live on land, and fish the water.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3 The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.
__________________________________________________________________________________
I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like to.
P7
Cows live on land, and fish in the water.
The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than 50 years ago.
B1 Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
4 He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5 When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t.
When taking photos of wildlife, we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
P7
Last weekend, I took part in a forest clean-up activity. It was organized by GreenHope, an organization devoted to protecting forests. At first I didn’t want
to take part in the forest clean-up activity, but then I thought, “What if nobody goes ” Our team leader, Joe, took us to a forest outside the city. I was sad to see litter everywhere. There was a “No littering is allowed here” sign at the entrance to the forest, but that didn’t stop people from throwing their rubbish on the ground.
B1 Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.
( )
(
)
P7
　　Joe divided us into two groups: one group cleaned up the north side of the forest, and the other group cleaned up the south side of the forest. We worked for several hours and we were happy to see that the forest looked cleaner than it had looked before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. You can find Joe and sign up if you’re willing to help. Everyone who takes part in the activity will receive a medal. I’ll join you too if I have time.
( )
( 　　 )
( 　 )
( 　　 )
( 　 　 )
( 　 )
( )
P7
Last weekend, I took part in a forest clean-up activity. It was organized by GreenHope, an organization devoted to protecting forests. At first I didn’t want to (take part in the forest clean-up activity), but then I thought, “What if nobody goes ” Our team leader, Joe, took us to a forest outside the city. I was sad to see litter everywhere. There was a “No littering (is allowed here)” sign at the entrance to the forest, but that didn’t stop people from throwing their rubbish on the ground. Joe divided us into two groups: one group cleaned up the north side of the forest, and the other (group) (cleaned up)
P7 B2
the south side (of the forest). We worked for several hours and (we) were happy to see (that) the forest looked cleaner than (it had looked) before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. You can find Joe and sign up if (you’re) willing to help. Everyone who takes part in the activity will receive a medal. I’ll join you too if I have time.

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