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(共41张PPT)
梦里花落知多少
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. master the rules of ellipsis;
2. use the rules of ellipsis to improve their compositions;
3. raise their awareness of environmental protection.
part 1
Lead in
这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
- Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
Watch and Observe
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
- (You)
- (I beg your) pardon.
my handbag.
- (I)
part 2
Explore the grammar
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Why do people leave them out
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Why do people leave them out
We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid _________ (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
repeating
Work out the rules
in short responses;
in infinitive phrases;
after some conjunctions like if, when and while;
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in ___________ (informal/formal) speech.
informal
Ellipsis
省略
定义：为了使语言简洁化、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。
Focus on
基本用法
简单句中的省略
并列句中的省略
复合句中的省略
其他省略
type 1
简单句的省略
① (You) Come in, please.
② (I) See you tomorrow.
③ (I) Thank you for your help.
④ (I) Beg your pardon.
简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数习惯用法。
2. 省略主语或谓语的一部分
①(It) Sounds a good idea.
②(Will you) Have a smoke
③(Would you like) Something to drink
④(You come) This way, please.
3. 省略宾语
①- Do you know Miss Hu
- I don’t know (her).
②Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
①Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).
②- Are you a teacher
- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
③- He hasn’t finished the task.
- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或助动词have, 则须在to后加上be或have。
①- Are you thirsty
- Yes, I am (thirsty).
②His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
4. 省略表语
①- Are you feeling better now
- (I’m feeling) Better (now).
②- When did you read the novel
- (I read it) Long ago.
③Let’s meet at the school gate as the
same as (we met) yesterday.
5. 同时省略几个句子成分
type 2
并列句的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。
1. 省略共同的主或宾。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面相同的部分。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
3. 若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
type 3
主从复合句的省略
1. 主句中的省略
1) 主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。
(It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.
2) 在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。
- Shall I go to play
- If you like (you can go to play).
2. 定语从句中的省略
(1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, who, which, that可省略
①The exact year (which/ that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
② He is the man (who/ whom/ that) you can depend on.
(2) 修饰way的关系词that/ in which可以省略。
The way (in which/ that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
3. 宾语从句中的省略
1) 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
Please pass me one of these books and I don’t care which (you pass me).
2) 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与 not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。
- Do you think it will rain
- I hope (that it will) not (rain).
3) 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
① The boy believes (that) he will travel through space to other planets.
② He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
4. 状语从句中的省略
1) 状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。
①You don’t have to swim if you don’t want to (swim).
②You can ask me questions if (there are) any (questions).
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
2) 有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。
3) 以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
4) 状语从句位于句首时，从句的主语如与主句的主语指同一人或同一事，且从句里动词是be的某种形式时，这时可省略从句的主语和be动词。
①When (you are) crossing the road, you’d better look at both sides.
②Unless (I am) invited I will not go.
③While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman.
type 4
不定式的省略
(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
①I will help (to) do it for you.
②I will help you (to) do it.
(2) help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
The boy did nothing but play.
(3) 介词but前若有实义动词do, 后面不定式不带to。
①I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
②The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(4) 某些使役动词 (let, make, have)及感官动词 (see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等) 后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to, 但在被动语态中须将to复原。
(5) 主语从句中有实义动词do, 后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) wait.
(6). 在rather than等表示“与其……不如”短语后的不定式省略to。
would do sth. rather than do sth.
(7). 介词but / except前边有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式省略to。
He can do nothing but / except lie down and sleep.
(8). 在can not but do sth., can’t choose but do sth., can not help but do sth.句式中，but后跟的不定式（短语）省略to。
type 5
其他的省略
No parking.
(Parking is not allowed here.)
Quiet!
(You should be quiet here.)
Turandot on stage.
(The opera Turandot is being performed on stage.)
(1) signs/labels
(2) newspaper headlines
Best wishes.
(I give you my best wishes.)
Opera OK, costumes great.
(The opera was OK, and the costumes were great.)
(3) postcards/diaries
(4) notes
part 3
Practice
P7 B1
Check your answers.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago. ^
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
would like to.
in the water
we should make every effort to ensure ......
that
Task 1
Task 2
Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.·
P7 B2
找出下面句子的省略部分。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
(2020浙江)
直击高考
that /which
解析：“they lived in”是之前名词the world 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词可被省略。
^
1. He has recently made a significant discovery－loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be prevented in a clever way. The solution Chat benches. (2020天津, 完形填空)
What is the solution Chat benches are the solution.
2. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. (2019全国II, 阅读理解D)
But it’s not just turning to any kids.
3. Most of it is stored away or used for research. (2020山东, 语法填空)
Most of it is stored away or most of it is used for research.
4. Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA). (2019北京, 阅读理解A)
5. Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (2020天津, 阅读理解A)
6. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. (2020全国I, 阅读理解D)
Do you
it is
it is
7. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. (2020全国III, 阅读理解D)
he was
Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空)
China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空)
“Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
When _____________ (combine) with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)
Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when _______ (tap) early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019全国I, 阅读理解D)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am _______ my dogs,” says Ehlers. (2019全国II, 完形填空)
One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ____________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
than
feeding
asking
combined
but
tapped
to
to speak
1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。
2. 省略的情况
(1) 简单句中的省略：① 省略主语②省略主语或谓语的一部分③省略宾语④省略表语⑤同时省略几个句子成分
(2) 并列句中的省略：两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分
(3) 复合句中的省略：①主句中的省略②定语从句中的省略 ③宾语从句中的省略 ④状语从句中的省略
(4) 其他省略：①不定式符号to的省略 ② 条件从句中有should, were或had时, 可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had提至句首 ③一些特殊结构中的省略
P7 B3
In pairs, describe the pictures below using ellipsis to call for the protection of the environment.
Pair work
When the water is too dirty to drink and the air too polluted to breathe, will you be able to look at your children and say, “What a beautiful world!”
You can also draw a picture and think of a slogan.
Possible answer:
Drive less, and we will have a greener world.
Possible answer:
When building cities, think of Mother Nature.
Homework
1. Finish the exercises of Grammar part in Learning English.
2. Preview Integrated skills on pages 8-10.

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