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(共17张PPT)
Extended Reading
The Value of Science
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
Lead-in
Do you think science is good or evil
What are the values of science in your eyes
Fast reading
1. Scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
2. Science can provide us with intellectual enjoyment.
3. Scientists have the freedom to doubt.
What are the values of science
Scan the lecture transcript and find the answer.
Structure
Introduction: __________
_______________________________________________
Main body: ___________
______________________________________________
Conclusion: __________
_______________________________________________
Introducing the topic
Three values of science
Duty of scientists
Figure out the structre of this lecture transcript.
paras.1-2
paras. 3-6
para. 7
Let’s see the details.
Careful reading
When he was younger, he thought science would make good things for everybody. During the war he doubted that some evil may be involved in science. Later he thought long about the value of science and finally tried to answer this in this talk.
The author talked about his personal experience in paragraph 1 and 2. Please summarize his experience.
What are the functions of these two paragraphs
Read paras. 1-2 and answer the questions.
Careful reading
2. To introduce the topic and arouse audience’s interest.
The author talked about his personal experience in paragraph 1 and 2. Please summarize his experience.
What are the functions of these two paragraphs
Read paras. 1-2 and answer the questions.
Careful reading
1. 5 times. The first two (line 12) refer to “making good things” and the final three (line 14 and 16) refer to “scientific knowledge”.
How many times is the pronoun “it” used in this paragraph What does “it” refer to in each case
How do you understand the sentence “scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinks of things”
Read para. 3 and answer the questions.
Careful reading
2. The essence of science is all kinds of knowledge, with which we can do all kinds of things, including good and bad. Science itself is not good or bad. Instead, what we choose to do with it can be good or bad. Just as Feynman said, “Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.
2. How do you understand the sentence “scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinks of things”
Read para. 3 and answer the questions.
Careful reading
Feyman said, “Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.” Can you give some examples of those “fantastic imagined things” that have become reality because of science
Read para. 4 and answer the question.
Careful reading
To declare the value of the freedom to doubt.
To teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed.
To demand this freedom to all coming generations.
What are the duties of scientists
Read para. 7 and answer the question.
Rhetorical device
It is an analogy. Here Feyman compares the intellectual enjoyment of finding unimagined strangeness to the process of discovering what is hidden under a stone—just as underneath stones there could be an unknown treasure. Feyman uses this analogy to emphasize the curiosity and determination that scientists use to uncover mysteries and answer questions.
“Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful uestions and mysteries.”
What analogy is used here and what’s the function
Rhetorical device
When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt. (line 27)
Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. (line 35)
Feyman used parallelism several times in his lecture.
Please find them out and figure out their functions.
Rhetorical device
It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. (para. 37)
Feyman used parallelism several times in his lecture.
Please find them out and figure out their functions.
Rhetorical device
Parallelism is the repetition of similar grammatical forms. It helps make an idea or argument clear and easy to remember. It also shows that each repeated structure is of equal importance. Parallelism is a powerful tool in public speaking and writing.
The function of parallelism
Discussion
Feyman believes that of all science’s many values, the greatest must be the freedom to doubt.
How do you understand this
This belief expresses a similar meaning to this unit's opening quote "The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth." Only when scientists raise doubts can they open up the opportunity to explore the unknown, which is what leads to scientific achievements. Feynman further emphasizes this value when he says, "Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure." He points out that scientists must always be allowed to question and doubt things, because he knows it is the key to how science is able to progress.

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