资源简介

(共107张PPT)
ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Words and Expressions
词汇
By the end of this class, you will be able to:
grasp the key words and expressions of this Unit.
learn how to change the forms of words in the sentences.
enlarge vocabulary by roots and affixes.
learn to explore the spirit of adventure and foster perseverance, courage and optimism in adversity.
Learning Objectives
Reading and Thinking
阅读
举例
advertisement n. 广告
advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
原句
P38. Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer.
阅读这则由著名英国探险家发布的广告。
There are so many advertisements in the newspaper.
报纸上广告实在太多了。
We placed an advertisement for a cleaner in the local paper.
我们在当地报纸上登了广告，招一名清洁工。
advertisement n. 广告
advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
记忆
ad向 + vert转动 + ise化 + ment行为结果
→ 向着转动化；使人们转向我的产品的行为；广告
ad: 向，来，趋向，使[加强]
adopt vt. 收养，采用 [ad使 + opt选择 → 使之被选上]
adult n. 成年人 adj. 成年的 [ad使 + ult高 → 使个子变高]
advocate vt. 主张，拥护 [ad向 + voc呼喊 + ate做某动作 → 向着他喊；替他发声，为他抬轿子吹喇叭]
vert/vers: 转动
version n. 版本，译文 [vers转动 + ion行为结果 → 转变了的东西]
vertical adj. 垂直的 [vert转动 + ical形容词 → 转折向下的]
advertisement n. 广告
advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
记忆
ad向 + vert转动 + ise化 + ment行为结果
→ 向着转动化；使人们转向我的产品的行为；广告
ise/ize: 使，……化
memorize vt. 记住
criticize vt. 批判
ment:
movement n. 运动，移动
punishment n. 处罚
advertising n. 广告业，广告活动
advertiser n. 广告商
advertisement n. 广告
advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
If you want to sell products well, you must (advertising) them.
The company is (advertisement) for five experienced typists.
Most of newspapers rely much on different their
(advertise) for profit.
I have a successful career in (advertisement).
The number of (advertise) on the platform is up 600%.
巩固
advertisements
advertising
advertise
advertising
advertisers
wage n. 工资 *vt. 开始；进行；发动
原句
P38. MEN WANTED
for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.
Ernest Shackleton
人员招募
这是一趟危险之旅：薪水微薄，气候严寒，数月不见天日，危险无处不在，无法确保安全归来。一旦成功，荣耀和回报将随之而来。
欧内斯特 · 沙克尔顿
wage n. 工资 *vt. 开始；进行；发动
举例
1. Wage increases must be in line with economic development.
工资的增长必须与经济发展一致。
There are extra benefits for people on low wages.
低薪者有额外补助。
It is insane to wage a nuclear war.
发动核战争是疯狂的。
wage n. 工资 *vt. 开始；进行；发动
记忆
“为纸” [谐音]，天天上班就是为了那些红色的纸；“为之”，天天上班就为了它。
马戏团的鹦鹉 [age]
它一岁的age(年纪)，
会说人的language(语言)
头脑很懂manage(经营)，
要求增加wage(薪水)
惹得老板rage(发怒)，
把它关进cage(笼子)
w说出 + age名词 → 说出承诺，誓言
wage 承诺，誓言 → 原指承诺对别人服务给的；引申为工资
age: 名词，表示活动、动作、过程、结果、费用等
wage n. 工资 *vt. 开始；进行；发动
巩固
Our must be in line with inflation.
工资的增长必须与通货膨胀率一致。
It is unwise a nuclear war.
发动核战争是不明智的。
wage
to wage
bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
原句
P38. MEN WANTED
for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.
Ernest Shackleton
人员招募
这是一趟危险之旅：薪水微薄，气候严寒，数月不见天日，危险无处不在，无法确保安全归来。一旦成功，荣耀和回报将随之而来。
欧内斯特 · 沙克尔顿
bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
举例
It's really bitter out today.
今天户外的确很冷。
The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute.
双方陷入了激烈的争论。
Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
记忆
bit咬 + t + er 反复 → 痛苦
“必吐尔” [谐音]，太苦了必然吐出来
马特看材料[er]
马特看matter(材料)，
先看latter(后面的)，
不看better(较好的)，
其中的letter(文字)，
写得很litter(零乱)，
马达感觉bitter(痛苦的)，
把它扔进了涂butter(黄油)
的cutter(切割机)里。
or/er：人或物
inventor n. 发明家 waiter n. 服务员
motor n. 马达 computer n. 电脑
bitterly adv. 痛苦地
bitterness n. 痛苦
bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
英文释义
A. very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved
B. having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet
C. extremely cold and unpleasant
D. making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness
选出与课文相对应的英文释义
举例
qualified* adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
原句
P38. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
She's extremely well qualified for the job.
她完全符合担任这项工作的条件。
There is an urgent need for qualified teachers.
迫切需要资历合格的教师。
qualified* adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
记忆
qual:
qualifier n. 取得资格的人
quality n. 品质，特征，才能，质量 adj. 优质的
qualification n. 资格；条件；限制
ed: [ed形容词，加在名词后表示“如……的”；加在动词后表示“被……的”]
dated adj. 有日期的；陈旧的
aged adj. 老的；有……岁的
abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；无拘束的，恣意放荡的
attached adj. 附加的；依恋的；充满爱心的
qual性质，特征 + ify 动词词尾(y → i) + -ed形容词 → 被赋予性质的
qualified* adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
They are (qualify) for the marathon. (2020·全国卷)
Experience is more important for this job than
paper (qualify).
巩固
qualified
qualifications
举例
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
原句
P38. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们共赴南极的热情，我偷偷爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
Try to be as enthusiastic as possible!
尽量表现出热情！
You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
记忆
en内 + thus神灵 + i连接音节 + ast形容词 + ic形容词 → 心里装着神灵的；
时刻念叨着神灵的宗教狂热份子；比喻狂热的，热情的
en: 在内；进入；使
enroll vt. 注册，登记，招收 [en内 + roll转 → 加入转动地行列中，加入]
envy n.&vt. 羡慕 [en内 + vy看 → 向别人家里看，羡慕别人家里的财产]
enrich vt. 使富有，丰富
thus: 神灵
thus adv. 因此
enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱 [en内 + thus神灵 + iasm名词]
enthusiastically adv. 热情地
enthusiast n. 爱好者
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
记忆
en内 + thus神灵 + i连接音节 + ast形容词 + ic形容词 → 心里装着神灵的；
时刻念叨着神灵的宗教狂热份子；比喻狂热的，热情的
ast: 与……有关的人，从事……的人
dynast n. 元首，统治者
enthusiast n. 狂热者
ic: 属于……的；有……性质的；具有……的；似……的
heroic adj. 英勇的 alcoholic adj. 酒精的
astic[ast + ic]: 形容词“……的”
fantastic adj. 异想天开的，奇异的 sarcastic adj. 挖苦的
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
巩固
That little boy is very (enthusiast) about chess.
The local government’s announcement was greeted
(enthusiastic).
The resort is popular among ski (enthusiasm).
The talk had fired her with (enthusiast) for the project.
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
enthusiasts
enthusiasm
举例
aboard adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
原句
P38. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们共赴南极的热情，我偷偷爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
He was already aboard the plane.
他已经登机了。
The plane crashed killing all 157 passengers aboard.
飞机坠毁，机上157名乘客全部遇难。
aboard adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
记忆
a在；使；向 + board甲板 → 在甲板上，在(船、飞机、公共汽车，火车等) 上
a:
ago adv. 以前 [a在 + go走 → 在已经走过的地方，比喻以前]
ahead adj.& adv. 在前面
alone adj.& adv. 独自 [a在 + lone独自 → 在独自一人的状态下]
awake adj. 醒着的 vt. 唤起；激发起；醒来
asleep adj. 睡着的，熟睡的
board:
board n. 板；董事会；委员会 vi. 上船；登机
boarder n. 寄宿生；寄生者；登船或飞机的人
aboard adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
Good, go please, be about very quickly embarkation.
好了，请上船吧，很快就要开船了。
We mustn't take combustible goods .
我们不可带易燃品上车。
They is the last two to go the ship.
他们是最后两位上船的。
Most of the students want to study .
大多数的学生都想出国留学。
巩固
aboard
aboard
aboard
abroad
举例
assign vt. 分派；布置；分配
原句
P38. He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员提供一日三餐。
The teacher assigned each of the children a different task.
老师给每个儿童都布置了不同的作业。
British forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping.
英国军队被派遣协助维持和平。
assign vt. 分派；布置；分配
记忆
as向 + sign标记 → 向不同的人做不同的标记；给他们分派不同的任务
as向，在，使：
assist n. 助手 vt. 援助；促进 [as向 + sist站立 → 向着大佬站着，站在旁边随时准备帮助]
assess vt. 评估；估价；估算 [as在 + sess坐下 → 正在坐着分析；引申为评估，评定]
asset n. 资产；有用的人/物 [as使 + set满意 → 拥有财产使人满意的]
sign:
design vt. 设计；构思 [de下 + sign标记 → 趴下画标记；伏案绘图；设计]
resign vi. 辞职 [re后 + sign标记 → 做出向后撤退的标记；放弃前进；引申为辞职]
assignment n. 反派的工作；任务 [ment行为结果]
unassigned adj. 未分配的；未保留的
assign vt. 分派；布置；分配
Dozens of volunteers 　　　　 (assign) to dispose of the garbage since last week.
His job is the (assign) of the chores.
Unfortunately, they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these (assign) ahead of time.
巩固
have been assigned
assignment
assignments
举例
envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
原句
P38. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！
I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
他们艳羡地看着她最近买到的东西。
envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
记忆
en内 + vy(不怀好意地)看 → 向别人家里的财产看
en: 在内，进入，使 [在字母b，m，p前拼写同化为em]
enquire vt. 询问，打听 [en内 + quire询问 → 询问内部情况；调查内幕]
engine n. 引擎；发动机 [en内 + gine出生 → 内部能够产生能量的东西]
employ vt. 雇佣 [em内 + ploy折叠 → 被折叠在里面，被引进来干活]
enviable adj. 值得羡慕的；引起妒忌的
envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的
envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
记忆
en内 + vy(不怀好意地)看 → 向别人家里的财产看
目前尚未找到vy为“看”之意的单词，除了envy
vy: vid/vis; vey/view; wis/wit看
含vy单词: navy n. 海军 heavy adj. 重的
video n. vi.&vt. 录像；制作……的录像 [vid看 + eo后缀 → 供人们看的东西，录下来以后慢慢看，即录像]
evident adj. 明显的 [e外 + vid看 + ent形容词 → 站在外面也能看见的，即明显的]
visual adj. 视觉的 [vis看 + ual形容词 → 能看到的，即视觉的]
survey n. 调查 [sur上 + vey看 → 站在上面看这个事情的主题；引申为调查]
view n. 看法；视线；角色 vt. 视为
preview vt. 预习 [pre前 + view看 → 提前看，预先看，即预览]
wisdom n. 智慧 [wis智慧的 + dom抽象概念名词 → 智慧]
witness n. 目击者 vt. 见证 [wit看 + ness名词 → 看到的人，即目击者]
envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
Don't waste your time being eaten up with (enviable).
Always she (envy) my success.
They looked at him with a mixture of horror, (enviable), and awe.
He 　　　　 (envy) by his friends because he was selected to attend the ceremony on behalf of the enterprise.
巩固
envy
has envied
envy
was envied
举例
abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
原句
P38. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。
We had no option but to abandon the meeting.
我们别无选择，只有放弃这次会面。
abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
记忆
a在，处于[at] + bandon管辖权，权力 [词源同ban命令] → 原指置身于别人的管辖/命令之下 ，任人处置，后喻指放弃。
“鹅搬凳”[谐音]，鹅搬凳，搬不动只好放弃。
bandon (权力)与英语单词 ban (禁令)有关，ban 原本指的是封建领主在自己的领地上拥有管辖权，可发布公告，要求或禁止人们做什么。
abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
The country its political leaders after the war.
战后该国人民不再拥护他们的政治领袖了。
We had to our car in the snow.
我们迫于无奈把汽车丢弃在雪地里。
巩固
abandoned
abandon
举例
decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
原句
P39. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face …
我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气、还有妈妈的脸庞……
Let all children may have a decent education.
让所有的孩子都受到良好的教育。
A decent dressing at first meeting will get on one's good side.
第一次见面时得体的衣着会给人留下好印象。
decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
记忆
dec装饰 + ent形容词 → 装饰起来的，引申为举止得体的
dec: 词源decor
decorate vt. 装饰 [ate动词]
ent:
fluent adj. 流利的 [flu流动 + ent形容词 → 像流水一样顺畅的]
frequent adj. 频繁的 [frequ频繁，经常，重复]
decency n. 端庄，体面 [dec 可接受的 + ency 行为 → 行为端庄、体面、可接受]
decently adv. 相当不错的；得体地
decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
巩固
The majority of people around here are (decency) people.
Ways must be found to assure our children a (decency) start in life.
It is common (decent) to give your seat to anyone in greater need.
decent
decent
decency
举例
genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
原句
P39. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对别人的真心关怀，他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我们充满希望。
Only genuine refugees can apply for asylum.
只有真正的难民才能申请政治避难。
If this offer is genuine I will gladly accept it.
如果这份帮助是诚心的，我欣然接受。
genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
记忆
genu出生，膝 + ine形容词“与……相关的” → 已经出生了，变成真实的
genu/gen/gener: 出生
generous adj. 慷慨的；丰厚的 [gener出生 + ous形容词 → 产出很多东西，给别人很多东西 ]
generate vt. 产生；造成，引起 [gener出生 + ate动词 → 出生，使形成]
ine : 形容词，“……的”；名词，“人或女人”；名词，状态
marine adj. 海洋的 [mar海 + ine的]
heroine n. 女英雄 [hero英雄 + ine女人]
discipline n. 纪律 [disciple门徒，学徒，门徒必须听说的是纪律]
famine n. 饥荒 [fam饿 + ine状态]
genuinely adv. 真正地；真诚地；由衷地；诚实地
genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
巩固
He (genuine) cares about his employees.
He sounded (genuine) interested.
He made a (genuinely) attempt to improve conditions.
genuinely
genuinely
genuine
举例
resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）
n. 决心；坚定的信念
原句
P39. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对别人的真心关怀，他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我们充满希望。
Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.
双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.
什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。
resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）
n. 决心；坚定的信念
记忆
巩固
Both sides met in order to try (resolve) their differences.
Or we can go to court and let a judge (resolution) this.
The reason why a great man is great is that he (resolve) to be a great man.
to resolve
resolve
resolves
re再 + solve松开 → 解决
solve:
dissolve vt. 溶解；分解 [dis 加强 + solve松开 → 使 (固体) 分散松开 → 溶解]
举例
turn down 拒绝；*调低(音量)
原句
The suggestion seems too good to turn down.
这个建议太好了，让人难以拒绝。
Please turn down the radio.
请把收音机音量调低。
P38. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
turn down 拒绝；*调低(音量)
归纳
turn from...to… 从......向……翻转
turn...into… 把......变成
turn up 出现；露面；开大
turn down 调低，拒绝
turn up down 沿着顺而下翻转
turn in 上交；归还
turn on/ off 打开/关上
turn against 与…...为敌
turn back 往回走
turn around 转过身
举例
become stuck in* 陷入
原句
A motorcycle had become stuck in the mud. 一辆摩托车陷在泥淖中。
Though stuck in the traffic jam, he was still in a good mood at the thought of the come holiday.
虽然被困在交通堵塞中，但一想到即将到来的假期，他的心情仍然很好。
P38. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍号”卡在了冰里。
become stuck in* 陷入
归纳
be/get stuck in 困于; 陷入；隔在
stick sth. on/to/in sth. 把某物粘贴在某物上
stick to (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
stick in one’s mind 铭记在心
stick out 醒目，显眼；伸出来；断言
stick with 坚持做(使用)；不放弃；跟……在一起
stick by 继续支持；对……忠诚；贯彻(承诺、计划)
become stuck in* 陷入
He has been (stick) in the trouble for a long time.
Please stick the map the envelope.
Mary sticks to (get) up early every day.
She stick in the crowd.
Let’s stick the policy strictly.
巩固
stuck
on
getting
out
by
举例
keep one’s spirits up* 振作，保持情绪高昂
原句
You must try and keep your spirits up.
你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。
Tell our friends to keep their spirits up.
告诉我们的同伴叫他们坚持住。
P38. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。
keep one’s spirits up*振作，保持情绪高昂，使某人保持心情明朗
巩固
Try to keep our (spirit) up in adversity.
spirits
from bad to worse* 每况愈下，越来越糟糕
原文
P39. We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant
Island are going from bad to worse.
我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。
举例
Things have gone from bad to worse.
情况越来越糟。
For the past couple of years my life has gone from bad to worse.
过去几年来，我的生活每况愈下。
from bad to worse* 每况愈下，越来越糟糕
巩固
His business is going from bad to (bad).
And after that, things just went from (worse) to worse.
worse
bad
Learning About Language
语法
Discovering Useful Structures
举例
damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
原句
The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions.
这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。
The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes.
温暖潮湿的空气招来了大量蚊子。
P41. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.
蒂米拿着乒乓球棒，他的短发被汗水浸湿了。
damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
记忆
/d/开头的单词含有“深的”之意，最早指矿井深处的有毒空气，引申为潮湿的
令人失望的营地[amp]
开拍电影的camp (营地), 仍然建在ramp(斜坡)上,
夜晚没lamp(灯), 来lamp(照亮),
并且很damp(潮湿的), 大家感到很damp(失望)。
amp: 非词根词缀
damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
辨析
wet moist damp 潮的、湿的
wet 湿的〔指潮的、湿的、潮湿的〕
You'll get wet (= in the rain) if you go out now.
你现在出去就会被淋湿。
moist 微湿的〔指微湿的、湿润的、润泽的，常指是舒适或有益的〕
a lovely rich moist cake 可爱的松软味浓的蛋糕
damp 潮湿的〔指微湿的、潮湿的、湿度大的，常指令人不舒服的〕
The cottage was cold and damp.
这小屋又冷又湿。
damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
在湿路上打滑了。
The car had skidded on the road. 汽车在湿路上打滑了。
It feels here. 这地方使人感到潮乎乎的。
Water the plants regularly to keep the soil .
定时浇灌植物以保持土壤湿润。
Her eyes were . 她眼含泪水。
巩固
wet
damp
moist
moist
选词填空wet/moist/damp
举例
resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定
原句
P41. For the whole morning, the board of directors has been discussing (discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
整个上午，整个董事会一直在讨论来年增加工资的决议。
There's some question as to whether he will sign this resolution.
他是否会签署这项决议还不能确定。
The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute.
政府正在不断敦促早日解决这起纠纷。
The (solution) was carried by 340 votes to 210.
这项决议以340票对210票获得通过。
巩固
resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定
记忆
resolution
re再 + solut溶解 + ion行为结果 → 再次溶解，再次想通了(就下定决心)
solu:
dissolution n. 分解 [dis 加强 + solut 松开 + ion 名词 → 松开，分解]
resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定
辨析
resolution decision resolve 决定，决心
resolution n. 正式决定，决心〔指投票后作出的正式决定，也指为做某事下的决心〕
They were punished for failing to comply with the resolution.
他们因没有服从决定而受到处罚。
She made a resolution to study English harder.
她下定决心要更加努力地学习英语。
decision n. 决定〔指经过讨论或思考之后作出的选择或判断〕
He has to think about it. It is a tough decision.
他得考虑一下，这是一个棘手的抉择。
resolve n. [正式]决心，决意〔指克服感情上的软弱、一定要做成某事的决心〕
What strengthened his resolve to find out the truth 什么坚定了他找出真相的决心？
He made a firm resolve to give up gambling. 他下决心不再赌博。
举例
recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
原句
P41. Jason’s only recreation is painting. He has been learning (learn) how to paint for over five years.
杰森唯一的消遣就是画画。他学习画画已经五年多了。
His only form of recreation is playing football.
他唯一的娱乐就是踢足球。
This film combines education with recreation.
这部影片寓教于乐。
recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
记忆
re再，反复 + cre生长，创造 + ation行为结果 →
娱乐是需要反复创造新花样的
cre/crease增加：
increase n. & vi.&vt. 增加 [in向内，使 + crease增加，创造 → 增加]
decrease n. & vi.&vt. 减少 [de向下 + crease增加 → 向下增加，减少]
creature n. 生物；创造物 [crea 产生 + ture 与行为有关之物 → 生物；创造物]
recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
辨析
entertainment n. 娱乐〔指娱乐节目或活动，如电影、电视、文艺表演等〕
Television offers universal entertainment.
电视提供大众化的娱乐节目。
amusement n. 娱乐，消遣〔指因事物搞笑而感到的开心，或为打发时间而进行的娱乐活动〕
We often sing for our own amusement. 我们经常唱歌自娱。
recreation n. 娱乐，消遣〔指有趣味、令人愉悦的休闲活动〕
This film combines education with recreation.
这部影片寓教于乐。
entertainment amusement recreation 娱乐
举例
guidance n. 指导；引导；导航
原句
P41. He finally finished (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
他终于在导师的指导下完成了研究论文。
Pupils will need careful guidance on their choice of options.
小学生在作出选择时需要悉心指导。
The guidance systems didn't work.
导航系统失灵。
guidance n. 指导；引导；导航
记忆
guid看护 + ance名词 → 看护，带路；引申为指导，引导
guid:
guide vt. & n. 指南；导游
guideline n. 指导方针，指导原则
guidance n. 指导；引导；导航
1. Students may decide to seek tutorial (guide).
2. She received very little careers (guideline) when young.
3. Under the (guide) of their father, they took positive actions and started all over again. (2021· 新高考Ⅰ卷)
4. That refers to taking a (guide) tour in Central Asia. (2020 · 新高考Ⅰ卷)
巩固
guidance
guidance
guidance
guided
corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
*n. 合伙公司; (由若干企业或公司组成的)集团
原句
P41. The company launched (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
这家公司发起了一场广告活动，以提升公司的形象。
举例
His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.
他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
The BBC is a corporate body.
英国广播公司为法人的团体。
corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
*n. 合伙公司; (由若干企业或公司组成的)集团
记忆
corp身体 + or人 + ate形容词 → 如人体一样的组织的，公司的
corpor身体 + ate形容词“具有……的”→ 成为一体的，成立公司的
corpse n. 尸体 [corp身体 + se谐音死→ 死了的身体]
corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
*n. 合伙公司;(由若干企业或公司组成的)集团
This established a strong image.
这 树立起了一种强有力的公司形象。
They no longer expect profits to improve
他们不再期待公司利润会增长。
巩固
corporate
corporate
举例
consist of* 由……组成；包括
原句
P42. The team consisted of six members.
这个队伍由六个成员组成。
Chapter 1 is Preface, consist of three points.
第一章为绪论，共包括三个方面的内容。
Markets consist of people and the global market is no exception.
市场是由人组成的，全球市场也不例外。
consist of* 由……组成；包括
辨析
compose comprise consist of 构成
compose vt. [正式]构成，组成〔指由两个或更多的人或物形成一个整体，多用于被动语态，常后接介词 of〕
Our team is composed of ten experts.
我们小组由10位专家组成。
comprise vt. [正式]构成，包含〔既可指整体包含若干部分，也可指若干部分或成员构成整体〕
A cutlery set is comprised of 6 table knives.
一套餐具有6把餐刀。
Women comprise a large proportion of part-time workers.
兼职人员中妇女占有很大比例。
consist of* 由……组成；包括
辨析
consist of phr. v. 由……组成，由……构成〔指整体由两个或更多的人或事物构成，常与 be composed of 换用〕
Our class consists of/is composed of 20 boys and 15 girls.
我们班由20位男生和15位女生组成。
compose comprise consist of 构成
consist of* 由……组成；包括
Our class consists 5 teachers and 50 students.
My lunch is (compose) of bread, jam and milk.
Girls (comprised) a large proportion of students in the school.
巩固
of
composed
comprise
Using Language
听说
Listening and Speaking
举例
rough* adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
原句
P42. They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the wrong side of South Georgia Island.
他们在到达乔南治亚岛错误的一侧之前已经在波涛汹涌的海上航行了好几天。
The skin on her hands was hard and rough.
她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。
Cathy did a rough calculation.
凯茜作了一个粗略的计算。
rough* adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
记忆
巩固
I’ve got a (roughly) idea of where I want to go.
He's had a really (rough) time recently.
They all left at (rough) the same time.
rough
rough
roughly
/r/开头的单词含有“撕扯，多毛的，粗布的”之意 → 撕扯破碎的，引申为粗糙的
ough:
tough adj. 艰苦的；严厉的；强硬的；坚强的
enough adj. & adv. 足够
举例
navigator* n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者
原句
P42. Why was it important to include a navigator in the team
为什么在团队中包括一名领航员很重要？
The navigator charted the course of the ship.
领航员在航海图上标出船的航线。
He wanted to become a navigator when he was a child.
他从小便立志要当一个航海家。
navigator* n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者
记忆
巩固
This is a basic way to keep the （navigate) updated.
navigator
navigate航行 + or人/物 → 执行航行的人，导航仪
nav: 船只
naval adj. (军队)船只的；海军的；军舰的
navy n. 海军，船队
navigate vi.&vt. 导航；航行 [nav船只 + ig走 + ate动词 → 船只行走]
navigation n. 航行(学)；航海(术)；海上交通
举例
loyal* adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
原句
He is a loyal friend.
他是一位忠诚的朋友。
She has always remained loyal to her political principles.
她总是信守自己的政治原则。
P43. Qualities: loyal, kind, and calm
品格：忠诚，善良和冷静
loyal* adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
记忆
loy:
loyalism n. 忠诚，忠义
loyalist n. 忠诚的人
loyally adv. 忠诚地
loyalty n. 忠诚，忠贞，忠实
al：
royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；庄严的 n. 皇室成员 [roy/reg统治+ al形容词 → 统治(者)的；皇家的]
loy法律 + al形容词 → 合法的，守法的，履行法定义务的，后在16世纪引申为臣民对君主的效忠
“老友”[谐音]，彼此忠诚才能成为老友
loyal* adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
巩固
loyal
loyally
loyalty
She has always remained (loyalty) to her political principles.
We will (loyal) uphold (维护) the principles of the United nations.
You can't put a price on that sort of (loyal).
举例
candidate n. 候选人；应试者
原句
P43. Let’s move on to the next candidate.
让我们看看下一位候选人。
Neither candidate was selected for the job.
申请这个工作的两个候选人都未获选上。
He stood as a candidate in the local elections.
他作为候选人参加地方选举。
candidate n. 候选人；应试者
记忆
All (candidate) will be required to take a short test.
巩固
candidates
cand光明 + id形容词 + ate人 → 穿光明的衣服的人；
古罗马时谋求职业者穿白衣进行演讲，引申为候选人
cand:
candle n. 蜡烛 [cand光明 + le小东西 → 带来光明的小东西]
candidate n. 候选人；应试者
辨析
candidate n. 候选人；申请人〔指竞选的候选人或某一职位的申请人〕
Who will be the presidential candidate
谁将是总统候选人？
Tom is the strongest candidate for the position.
汤姆是这一职位最强有力的竞争者。
applicant n. 申请者，求职者〔通常指正式提交书面材料申请某一职位、高校入学资格等的人〕
We give preference to applicants with some experience.
我们优先录用有经验的求职者。
There is no lack of applicants to this college.
该学院不乏申请者。
candidate applicant 候选人
举例
move on to * 继续前行；[在讨论、书籍等中]转换 (话题)；
开始做(别的事情)
原句
P43. Let’s move on to the next candidate.
让我们看看下一位候选人。
I'm almost ready to move on to the next problem.
我就要进入下一个问题了。
Could we move on to the problem of manpower
我们能说说人力的问题吗？
Using Language
写作
Reading for Writing
举例
episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
原句
P45. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
这是我生命中不会忘却的一段经历。
I tried to wipe the whole episode from my mind.
我设法把这整个经历从心中抹掉。
One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
书中最有趣的片段之一在第6章。
episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
记忆
巩固
episode
epi在……上，周围 + sode道路 → 在路上；引申为一段经历
“爱拍手的”[谐音]。一段情节若精彩，大家是爱拍手的。
I'd like to try and forget the whole .
我倒想尽量把那段经历全部忘掉。
epi:
epidemic n. 流行病；泛滥；猖獗 adj. 流行的
[epi周围 + dem民众 + ic形容词 → 在民众周围的；谐音：一批倒霉客得了流行病]
举例
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
原句
P45. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
而他则用他的承诺回报了我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。
We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们承诺继续合作。
Our commitment will be of the highest order.
我们一诺千金。
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
记忆
com共同 + mit投送，派遣 + ment行为结果 → 共同投送的，把消息共同投送到每一个人
com:
company n. 公司，陪伴
combine v. 结合；融合；联合 [com共同 + bin二 + e动词 → 两个东西共同凑在一起；结合]
commit vt. 承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花费(时间、钱)；忠于
committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
mit:
committee n. 委员会 [com共同 + mitt投送 + ee人 → 共同投送出来的人，共同推举出来的人，委员会]
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
辨析
commitment *obligation duty responsibility 义务，责任
commitment n. 承诺 (之事)〔指会去做某事的保证或保证去做的事情〕
The company made a commitment to quality. 该公司对质量作出承诺。
88 percent of respondents said marriage should be a lifelong commitment.
88%的受访者表示婚姻应该是一辈子的承诺。
*obligation n. 义务，责任〔指法规、合同等规定的该做或不该做的事，含强制之意；也指因诺言、誓言等而必须要做的事〕
They have to fulfil the obligations imposed on them by the treaties.
他们不得不履行条约规定的义务。
He kept the secret for her out of a sense of obligation.
他出于责任感而替她保守秘密。
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
辨析
commitment *obligation duty responsibility 义务，责任
duty n. 责任，义务〔指在道义或法律上应尽的本分，强调自觉性；也指工作职责，此时通常用复数〕
He feels it is his duty to help his neighbors.
他觉得帮助邻居是他的责任。
She was brought up to have a strong sense of moral duty.
她从小就被教育要有强烈的道德责任感。
Never forget your duty to your motherland.
切勿忘记你对祖国应尽的义务。
His duties included sweeping the lawn.
他的职责包括清理草坪。
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
辨析
commitment *obligation duty responsibility 义务，责任
responsibility n. 责任，义务〔指管控某人或某事物的责任、对不良事件所负的责任或工作职责，强调对他人的责任〕
Generally speaking, a promotion means higher salary and more responsibility.
一般而言，升职意味着更多的薪水和更大的责任。
Who should accept full responsibility for the political crisis
谁应该为这场政治危机负全责？
Her responsibilities include handing out brochures and answering the phone.
她的职责包括分发宣传册和接听电话。
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
(commit) have been made with very little intention of carrying them out.
They made a (commit) to peace.
This government is (commitment) to extending parental choice in education.
巩固
Commitments
commitment
committed
举例
motive n. 动机；原因；目的
原句
P45. What were the motives for their actions
他们行动的动机是什么？
Their motives remain a mystery.
他们的动机仍然是个谜。
The doctor's motive was to bring an end to his patient's suffering.
医生的初衷是终止患者的痛苦。
motive n. 动机；原因；目的
记忆
I’m suspicious of his (motivate).
巩固
motives
mot移动 + ive名词/形容词 → 移动的；促使做出移动的原因；n. 动机，主旨；艺术作品的题材 adj. 运动的，动机的
motor n. 发动机；汽车 [mot移动 + or物 → 使物体移动的装置，发动机]
motivate vt. 激发
举例
Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家（学说）
原句
P46. The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, has deeply influenced(influence) Chinese culture.
孔子的哲学，又称儒学，对中国的文化一直有着深远的影响。
The main philosophy in the East is the Confucianism.
东方的主要哲学思想是儒学。
The theory of human nature is always the central discussion of Chinese culture, especially Confucianism.
人性论一直是中国文化，特别是儒家文化谈论的中心话题。
Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家（学说）
记忆
Confucian孔子的，儒家的 + ism主义，宗教，思想，学说，……学/术/法/论 → 孔子学说；儒教
Confucian adj. 孔子的，儒家的 n. 儒家，孔子的门徒
Confucius n. 孔子
ism：主义，宗教，思想，学说，……学/术/法/论；制度；行为，现象，状态，情况
ism: 主义，宗教，思想
realism n. 冒险主义 optimism n. 乐观主义
adventurism n. 冒险主义 Buddhism n. 佛教
Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家（学说）
记忆
Confucian孔子的，儒家的 + ism主义，宗教，思想，学说，……学/术/法/论 → 孔子学说；儒教
ism：主义，宗教，思想，学说，……学/术/法/论；制度；行为，现象，状态，情况
ism: 学术，流派
impressionism n. 印象派 modernism n. 现代派
ism: 行为，现象，状态
criticism n. 批评
tourism n. 旅游；旅游业 [tour迂回，转 + ism行为，现象，状态 → 旅游业]
ism: 具备某种性质，特征；语风
humanism n. 人文(性)，以人为本；人道主义
ism: 制度
federalism n. 联邦制 socialism n. 社会主义；社会制度
Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家（学说）
The State of Lu is the native place of (Confucius), but there is only one Confucian scholar.
鲁国是儒家的故乡，但只有一名儒生。
巩固
Confucianism
举例
cheer up* (使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来
原句
P44. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更让我们振作起来了。
It's your altitude. Cheer up! Life is like a mirror.
这是你的高度。振作起来！生活就像一面镜子。
I was singing in a vain effort to cheer him up.
我唱歌试图让他高兴起来，结果是白费力气。
举例
make fire 生火
原句
P44. But how could we make fire
可是我们怎么生火呢？
Ape men in remote ages thought up the idea of drilling wood to make fire by friction.
远古时代的猿人发明了钻木取火。
举例
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
原句
P46. Your fridge gives off (give off) a terrible smell. When did you last clean (clean) it
你的冰箱散发出可怕的气味。你上次什么时候打扫
These planets do not give off light of their own.
这些行星本身不发光。
These fuels give off heat when they burn.
当这些燃料燃烧时释放出热能。
The sun gives light and heat.
This particular rose gives an incredible (不可思议的，浓烈的) fragrance.
巩固
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
give way 让路；让步；屈服
归纳
give away 泄露；赠送；分发
give back 归还；恢复
give up 放弃
give off 放出；释放；散发出
give out 分发；发出；放出
off
off
Summary 单元语法填空
assignments
After seeing the ① (advertise) in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow resolved ② (join) the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application was turned ③ because he was too young and not qualified ④
the expedition. However, he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friend’s help. He ⑤ (hide) in a cupboard, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the
to join
down
for
hid
advertisement
Summary 单元语法填空
captain was angry, he assigned the boy ⑥ (cook) for the crew. Their voyage did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became ⑦ (stick) in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and ⑧ (sink) into the sea, Shackleton had the ship
⑨ (abandon), and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and set off ⑩ South Georgia Island to seek help.
to cook
stuck
sank
abandoned
for
CONTENTS

展开更多......

收起↑