资源简介

(共39张PPT)
*penicillin
*mould
*bacteria
surround
indicate
accident
by accident
intelligent
favour
n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
(AmE. mold) n. 霉菌；模具；类型
vt. 浇铸；塑造
n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌
vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出
n. 意外, 偶然的事；事故, 意外遭遇
偶然，意外地
adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
(AmE favor)vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
Read after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately.
politician
*lightning
electricity
theory
thunderstorm
*ribbon
metal
charge
electric
n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
n. 闪电
n. 电，电能
n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见
n. 雷雨，雷暴
n. 带子，丝带；带状物
n. 金属
vt.&vi. 充电；收费；控告；
谴责；使……承担责任；使充满
n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管
adj. 电的，发电的，电动的
Unit 4
P3
Grammar and usage
V-ed forms as attributives,
adverbials and
object complements
Do you know how penicillin was discovered by Fleming
A Exploring the rules
Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery. Find the verb-ed forms
in the article and fill in the table below.
The first one has been done for you.
偶然地，意外地
远非，几乎相反
V-ed forms as attributives something produced by the mould
V-ed forms as adverbials
V-ed forms as object complements
the prepared mind
get its mass production started
Surprised by this
Working out the rules
The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb,
indicating a(n) (1) ________ (active/passive) meaning.
The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It
modifies the noun like a(n) (2) _____________ (relative
clause/adverbial clause).
The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object
complement.
passive
relative clause
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as attributives
单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前(left 除外)，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。
单个V-ed作定语
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼
有被动和完成的意义。
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有
主动和完成意义。
① a grown woman 一位成年妇女
② an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯
① a broken cup 一个破杯子
② a wounded soldier 一名伤员
▲单个V-ed作定语，原则上是前置的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在习惯上或因为受到某些限制，则放在被修饰词之后。
1. He has spent all the money donated.
2. This will be the best novel of its kind written.
3. Who were the so-called guests invited
4. She always ate the food left.
1. 被修饰词前有all, every等表“全部”概念的词修饰时；
2. 被修饰词前有最高级；
3. 被修饰语过长或有其他定语；
4. 习惯上作后置定语的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)
他花光了所有捐赠的钱。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
昨晚被邀请那些所谓的客人是谁呀
她总吃剩饭。
a. the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
b. a letter written to me by my daughter
= a letter that was written to me by my
daughter
一封我女儿写给我的信
去年生产的彩色电视机
2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
3. V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于
一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。
a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
=The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。
b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
=Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。
1. There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared.
2. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world.
3. I have collected the money ______ (need).
4. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
5. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.
excited
developed
needed
discussed
surprised
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as adverbials
② Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger.
因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。
① Destroyed by
the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to
be found.
由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。
(As/Because it has been)
(Because he was)
1. 作原因状语
② Water boils, heated to
100℃.
水加热到100度就沸腾。
① Seen from the top of
the building, our school looks beautiful.
从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。
(When it is)
(when it is)
2. 作时间状语
Punished by the parents, he won't come again.
(Although he was)
(If he is)
虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。
他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。
3. 作让步状语
Tired, he went on working.
4. 作条件状语
② Absorbed in the work, he
neglected food and sleep.
他专心于工作，废寝忘食。
① She walked out of the house,
followed by her little daughter.
她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。
(and she was)
(He was)
5. 作伴随或方式状语
The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed
by some students.
2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent.
3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work
much better.
4. Left alone at home, the little boy didn't feel afraid at all.
5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some
students.
时间
原因
条件
让步
伴随
V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句；
When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.
Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
If we were given more time, we would be able to do the
work much better.
Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didn’t
feel afraid at all.
V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个
并列句；
V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
Change the sentences into complete ones.
1. When heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. Unless invited, I won't attend his wedding.
3. Once caught smoking in the kitchen, the cook will be fired.
When it is heated, ice will be changed into
water.
Unless I am invited, I won't attend his wedding.
Once the cook is caught smoking in the
kitchen, he will be fired.
V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:
while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。
______ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful.
______ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful.
Seen
Seeing
从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。
我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。
如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系，时间
正在发生用V-ing形式。
如果句子的主语和分词是被动关系，时间
已经完成用V-ed形式。
1. __________ (compare) Shanghai with Xi'an, we found Shanghai is larger.
2. _________ (compare) with Xi'an, Shanghai is larger.
3. ______ (lose) himself in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
4. ____ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Comparing
Losing
Lost
Compared
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as object
complements
V-ed作宾语补足语表示
被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系。
1. 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如： watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel,
notice, find等。
① When we got to school, we saw the
door locked.
② He found his house broken into
when he got back home.
V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：
当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
回到家他发现家被盗。
① You'd better keep the guests seated.
② We're having our car repaired.
③ I'm trying to get this article finished
for Thursday.
④ She had to shout to make herself heard
above the sound of the music.
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。
如：have, make, get, keep等。
3. 表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。
如：want, expect, would like, wish,
order等。
① The teacher wouldn't like the problem
discussed at the moment.
老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。
② I want the suit made to his own
measure.
我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
4. 在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补
足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、
条件、原因等状语。
① The murderer was brought in, with his
hands tied behind his back.
② With water heated, we can see the steam.

③ With the matter settled, we all went
home.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)
1. 动词-ed形式作定语：
① 单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前(left
除外)，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之
后。
② a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有
______和_____的意义。
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有
______和_____意义。
被动
完成
主动
完成
① V-ed可充当_____、_____、_____、____、
___________状语；其逻辑主语必须与
___________保持一致；
② ______+V-ed作状语；
③ ______表示主动,进行的动作；
______表示被动,完成的动作。
原因
时间
让步
条件
伴随或方式
句子的主语
连词
V-ing
V-ed
2. 动词-ed形式作状语：
3. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语：
① 表示_________________的动词。
② 表示_______意义的动词。
③ 表示____________________意义的动词。
④ with的复合结构。
感观、感觉和发觉
“致使”
“希望、愿望、命令”
B Applying the rules
B1 Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as
attributives, adverbials or object complements
P49 B1
1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award.
2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is
interesting.
3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated
with the new medicine.
4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory
had been destroyed.
5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for
future research.
The highly praised scientist won an award.
The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.
Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered.
The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.
Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research.
attributive
attributive
adverbial
object complement
adverbial
B2 Henry is reading an article about Franklin's kite
plete the article below
with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing forms.
Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1) ___________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory.
He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) _____ (tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body.
P49 B2
interesting
knowing
tied
Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) __________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity.
Franklin had his theory (5) _________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) ________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric
shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin
did make contributions to the studies
of electricity.
Conducted
accepted
arguing
to pass electricity through sth. so that it is stored there 给……充电
P49 B3
B3 Read the notes below about Alfred Wegener and his
theory of continental drift. Then write a short
paragraph using verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-
infinitives. The beginning has been written for you.
Looked at a world map and found the eastern coastline
of South America and the western coastline of Africa
could fit together;
Did more research and put forward the theory of
continental drift;
Published his ideas in The Origin of Continents and
Oceans;
People did not accept his theory partly because:
it challenged many theories at that time;
Wegener could not explain the driving force behind
continental drift.
Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found …
Possible answer: Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found something amazing: the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa seemed to fit together. He did more research to find out what caused this. Having collected enough evidence, he put forward his theory of continental drift. Then he had his ideas published in The Origin of Continents and Oceans. However, people did not believe in his theory. For one thing, it challenged many scientific theories widely accepted at that time. For another, Wegener failed to explain the driving force causing the continents to drift apart.
注: 另附word文档，点此链接
1.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错) I like eating frying
tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must
to be easy to cook.
Ⅰ.实战高考。
fried
2. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They represent the
earth _______ (come) back to life and
best wishes for new beginnings.
coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用V-ed作定语，故将frying改为fried。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用V-ing作后置定语。故填coming。
3. (2020·江苏卷) Technological innovations, ____
good marketing, will promote the sales of
these products.
A. combined with
B. combining with
C. having combined with
D. to be combined with
4. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空) They make great gifts
and you see them many times __________
(decorate) with red envelopes and messages
of good fortune.
decorated
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Watching the __________ (finishing/finished)
painting, Alice couldn't help smiling.
2. Most of the artists __________ (inviting/invited)
to the party were from South Africa.
3. Do you still remember the Olympic Games
__________(held/holding) in Beijing in 2008
4. The __________ (surprising/surprised) look
on her face suggested that she hadn't known
the news before.
5. There are many ________ (fallen / falling)
leaves on the street.
finished
invited
held
surprised
fallen
6. __________ (frighten) by the noise outside,
Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.
7. __________ (compare) with our small flat,
Bill's house seemed like a palace.
8. ______ ( face) with such a difficult task, we
must redouble our efforts.
9. ________ (order) over a week ago, the books
are expected to arrive any time now.
10. The lady returned home, ________ (follow)
by the famous detective Holmes.
Frightened
Compared
Faced
followed
Ordered
11. My computer broke down this morning,
and I will get it ________ (repair) as soon
as possible.
12. We saw the house _______ (burn) to the
ground when we got there.
13. When he entered the room, he found the
window _______ (break).
14. She won't have her long and beautiful
hair _____ (cut) short.
15. The speaker raised her voice but still
couldn't make herself _______ (hear).
repaired
burned
broken
cut
heard
1. Can you find the V-ed forms in an
article
2. Can you use V-ed forms as attributives,
adverbials and object complements correctly
3. Can you make up sentences using V-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements as many
as possible
Self-evaluation
各个击破
1. Finish the exercises of
Grammar part in
Learning English.
2. Preview Integrated skills
on pages 50-52.

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