资源简介

(共37张PPT)
global
greenhouse
gas
drought
come up with
call for
application
adj. 全球的；全面的
n. 温室，暖房
n. 气体；煤气；汽油
n. 旱灾，久旱
相出，想到
要求；需要
n. 应用，运用；申请
Read after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately.
brochure
organization
absolutely
belt
medal
n. 小册子
n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理
adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其
n. 地带，地区；腰带；传送带
n. 奖章，勋章
Unit 1
Nature in the balance
P3
Grammar and usage
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
- Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？
Watch and Observe
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
- (You)
- (I beg your) pardon.
my handbag.
- (I)
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Jack and Henry are talking about a documentary on environmental protection. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below.
Why do people leave them out
We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid _________ (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
repeating
Work out the rules
in short responses;
in infinitive phrases;
after some conjunctions like if, when and while;
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in ___________ (informal/formal) speech.
informal
Ellipsis
省略
定义：为了使语言简洁化、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。
Focus on
基本用法
简单句中的省略
并列句中的省略
复合句中的省略
其他省略
① (You) Come in, please.
② (I) See you tomorrow.
③ (I) Thank you for your help.
④ (I) Beg your pardon.
简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数习惯用法。
①(It) Sounds a good idea.
②(Will you) Have a smoke
③(Would you like) Something to drink
④(You come) This way, please.
2. 省略主语或谓语的一部分
3. 省略宾语
①- Do you know Miss Hu
- I don’t know (her).
②Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
可以省略宾语的全部
①Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).
②- Are you a teacher
- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
③- He hasn’t finished the task.
- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或助动词have, 则须在to后加上be或have。
①- Are you thirsty
- Yes, I am (thirsty).
②His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
4. 省略表语
①- Are you feeling better now
- (I’m feeling) Better (now).
②- When did you read the novel
- (I read it) Long ago.
③Let’s meet at the school gate as the
same as (we met) yesterday.
5. 同时省略几个句子成分
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
①Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t (come to school to see me the next day).
②Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).
③She was poor but (she was) honest.
并列句中的省略
1. 主句中的省略
1) 主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。
(It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.
2) 在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。
- Shall I go to play
- If you like (you can go to play).
复合句中的省略
2. 定语从句中的省略
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
①The book (which/that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
② The man (whom) you saw on the street once saved my life.
3. 宾语从句中的省略
1) 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
Please pass me one of these books and I don’t care which (you pass me).
2) 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与 not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。
- Do you think it will rain
- I hope (that it will) not (rain).
4. 状语从句中的省略
1) 状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。
①You don’t have to swim if you don’t want to (swim).
②You can ask me questions if (there are) any (questions).
2) 有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
3) 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
① The boy believes (that) he will travel through space to other planets.
② He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
3) 以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
4) 状语从句位于句首时，从句的主语如与主句的主语指同一人或同一事，且从句里动词是be的某种形式时，这时可省略从句的主语和be动词。
①When (you are) crossing the road, you’d better look at both sides.
②Unless (I am) invited I will not go.
③While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman.
其他省略
1. 不定式符号to的省略
(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
①I will help (to) do it for you.
②I will help you (to) do it.
(2) help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
The boy did nothing but play.
(3) 介词but前若有实义动词do, 后面不定式不带to。
①I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
②The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(4) 某些使役动词 (let, make, have)及感官动词 (see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等) 后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to, 但在被动语态中须将to复原。
(5) 主语从句中有实义动词do, 后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) wait.
2. 条件从句中有should, were或had时,
可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had
提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
No parking.
(Parking is not allowed here.)
Quiet!
(You should be quiet here.)
Turandot on stage.
(The opera Turandot is being performed
on stage.)
3. 一些特殊结构中的省略。
(1) signs/labels
(2) newspaper headlines
Do not bend!
(Do not bend this envelope.)
Best wishes.
(I give you my best wishes.)
Opera OK, costumes great.
(The opera was OK, and the costumes
were great.)
(3) signs/labels
(4) postcards/diaries
(5) notes
找出下面句子的省略部分。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
(2020浙江)
直击高考
that /which
解析：“they lived in”是之前名词the world 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词可被省略。
^
P7 B1
Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
P7 B1
Check your answers.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
would like to.
in the water
we should make
Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.·
P7 B2
P7 B3
In pairs, describe the pictures below using ellipsis to call for the protection of the environment.
Pair work
When the water is too dirty to drink and the air too polluted to breathe, will you be able to look at your children and say, “What a beautiful world!”
You can also draw a picture and think of
a slogan.
Possible answer:
Drive less, and we will have a greener world.
Possible answer:
When building cities, think of Mother Nature.
1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。
2. 省略的情况
(1) 简单句中的省略：① 省略主语②省略主语或谓语的一部分③省略宾语④省略表语⑤同时省略几个句子成分
(2) 并列句中的省略：两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分
(3) 复合句中的省略：①主句中的省略②定语从句中的省略 ③宾语从句中的省略 ④状语从句中的省略
(4) 其他省略：①不定式符号to的省略 ② 条件从句中有should, were或had时, 可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had提至句首 ③一些特殊结构中的省略
从语用的角度看，在不违反语法结构规则以及不产生歧义的前提下，恰当运用省略，具有多方面的语用效果。例如：简略旧信息，突显新信息；避免啰嗦，衔接连贯；蕴涵想象空间，增强语言美感；在各种语体中，表现不同的言语风格。
语言中存在大量的省略现象。当我们不想重复意思很明确的单词或短语时，可使用省略形式。
使用省略是使句子变得简练的有效方法。英语的并列句、短语以及主从句中都有运用省略的情况。我们虽省去了句子语法构造所需要的一种或多种组成部分，但仍能够清晰表达含义。
注: 另附 word 文档。
点击此处链接
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.
____________________________
2. Some more tea
____________________________
3. Sounds like a good idea.
____________________________
4. Doesn’t matter.
____________________________
5. Sorry to hear that.
____________________________
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Would you like some more tea
That/It sounds like a good idea.
I. 找出下列句子的省略部分并补充完整。
It doesn’t matter.
I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
____________________________
7. This way, please.
____________________________
8. Terrible weather!
____________________________
9. Joining us for a drink
____________________________
10. Going to the supermarket
____________________________
It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.
Step / Come this way, please.
What terrible weather it is!
Are you joining us for a drink
Are you going to the supermarket
1. I spent part of the money, and the rest of the money was donated to a charity.
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. When (the novel is) published, the novel
will become one of the best sellers of the year.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. If it is possible, we will pay a visit to the palace tomorrow.
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
I spent part of the money, and the rest was
donated to a charity.
II. 把下列句子改为省略句。
When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
If possible, we will pay a visit to the palace
tomorrow.
4. I won't call you up unless I have to call you up.
___________________________________
5. His opinion, whether it is right or wrong, should be considered.
___________________________________
___________________________________
I won't call you up unless I have to.
His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be considered.
III. 用省略句完成对话。
1. - Do you like the film whose name is Life Is Beautiful
- Oh, ___________(非常喜欢).
2. - Is your brother coming to the get-together tonight
- ________________ (恐怕他不会来).
3. - Would you like to go to Qingdao for holidays with us this weekend
- _______________ (我想去), but I have to go over my lessons for the coming examination.
4. - Mr. Green can’t attend the meeting today. He may be free tomorrow.
- ______(如果是这样的话), we will have to put the meeting off till tomorrow.
5. - Don’t forget to come to my birthday party
tomorrow.
- _________(我不会忘记的).
I won’t
very much
I’m afraid not
I’d like / love to
If so
Self-evaluation
1. Can you use ellipsis properly
2. Can you use the words and expressions correctly
global, greenhouse, gas, drought, application, brochure, organization, absolutely, belt, medal
come up with, call for
各个击破
Homework
1. Finish the exercises of Grammar part in Learning English.
2. Preview Integrated skills on pages 8-10.

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