2023年高中英语语法:名词性从句用法详解及强化练习分析素材

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2023年高中英语语法:名词性从句用法详解及强化练习分析素材

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2023年高中英语语法:名词性从句用法详解及强化练习分析
名词性从句分类简述
名词性从句,就是指其作用相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
  一、主语从句
  1. 引导词:主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句,引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类:一是that;二是whether;三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语,如what, who, which, when, where, how, why等。如:
  That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。
  What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。
  Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
  2. 形式主语:有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”,可用it作形式主语放在句首,而把真正的主语放在句末。如:
  It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
  It was uncertain whether he could come or not. 他是否会来还不肯定。
  这三句句首的it均为形式主语,相应的真主语分别是that he didn’t come / what she did / whether he could come or not。
  二、表语从句
  表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。一般说来,可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句,如that, what, who, which, when, where, how, why, whether等。如:
  My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意见是马上就干。
  That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。
  The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。
  另外,表语从句还可以用as if, as though, because等来引导。如:
  It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。
  It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。
  三、宾语从句
  1. 引导词:宾语从句就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。一般说来,可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导宾语从句,如that, what, who, which, when, where, how, why, whether等。如:
  We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
  He asked when the train would get in. 他问火车什么时候进站。
  He asked who lived next door. 他问谁住在隔壁。
  She asked why he was silent. 她问他为什么一言不发。
名词性从句用法详解
 一、概说
  名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。
  二、名词性从句的一般引导词
  1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:
  I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
  That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
  2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
  He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
  Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)
  3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:
  That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
  When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
  Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
  4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:
  The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
  When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
名词性从句引导词的基本用法
一、用于引导名词性从句的引导词有以下几类:
连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose
连接副词: when, where, why, how
连接连词: that (宾语从句或表语从句中"that"有时可以省略);whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
二、what, which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;who在从句中作主语、表语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;when, where, why, how在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语。例如
1.Choose which you like best.
选你最喜欢的。
2.Who has taken away my bag is unknown.
谁拿走了我的包还不知道。
3.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate
你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了
4.He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home.
他问什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。
5.Where we can look up his address is still a problem.
我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。
6.Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.
他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。
7.How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided.
他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。
三、what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”,例如:
1. He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago.
他不是几年前的他了。
2. This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City.
这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。
3. What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。
4.Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago.
我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。
5.The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning.
花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同。
6.How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him
皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的
7.I owe it to you that I am still alive.
幸亏你,我现在还活着。
8.She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.
她请求立即请医生来。
9.You must see to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.)
你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了。
10.She told me that she would accept my invitation.
她告诉我,她接受我的邀请。
名词性从句的三要素是什么
名词性从句,顾名思义就是具有名词作用的从句。因为它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语,所以又分为:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句四种。
1. 语序
名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同,即“主语+谓语”。事实上,任何一种从句,其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。
2. 引导词
也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类,二是if / whether类,三是疑问词类。既然是引导词,所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。
3. 时态
若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态;若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。
名词性从句强化练习习题
1. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him. (2005北京)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处是when引导的宾语从句的一部分, 应采用正常陈述句的语序。
2.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
B. that C. when D. As
[答案] B
3.This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
B. in which C. where D. When
[答案] C
4.They have no idea at all____.
he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
[答案] A
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____. (2000上海)
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
[答案] D
[解析] 下划线处是充当see的宾语的名词性从句, 应采用“引导词+正常陈述句语序”的基本形式, 又因为谈到不确定的人时通常用it指代, 所以本题应选D。
6. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good.
A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose
[答案] D
7. You can only be sure of ____ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future. (2007安徽)
A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填; that
[答案] B
[解析] 第一个下划线处应填入一个可以引导of的宾语从句泛指“你现在所拥有的东西”且在该宾语从句内部充当have的宾语的词, 这样的引导词只能是what, 由此可以直接排除选项A、 C、 D而选出B。
  
8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. (1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
[答案] B
[解析] whatever在这里的用法跟关系代词型的what一样, 其引导的名词性从句“whatever he or she wants”泛指一个孩子想要的任何东西。
9. It was a matter of ____ would take the position. (1998上海)
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处的引导词所引导的名词性从句充当介词of的宾语, 在其引导的宾语从句内部充当的是主语(通常用who指代)而不是宾语(通常用whom指代), 而且题干中没有提供强调“任何人”的语境, 因此应填入引导词who。
10.If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.
A. whom B. which C. who D. that
[答案] C
11. Can you make sure ____ the gold ring (1990)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处是充当宾语的名词性从句, 应采用“引导词+正常陈述句语序”的基本形式。
12. Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales, please (2007山东)
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处引导speak to之后的宾语从句, 表示“(负责国际销售的)任何人”, 四个选项中只有whoever适合。

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