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个性化教学辅导教案
学生姓名 年 级 学 科 英语
上课时间 教师姓名
课 题 语法：谓语
教学目标 1.掌握谓语的用法2.掌握和区分动词时态和语态
教学过程
教师活动 学生活动
【语法复习】 判断下列短文的15个单词的词类 翻译下列句子，找出句子中的主语，并说出充当主语的是什么词。 1. The wise are those who know themselves. _____________________________________________________ 2. To leave or stay is a question hard to answer. _____________________________________________________ 3. It’s always a good idea to get a second opinion. _____________________________________________________ 4. Learning English grammar is by no means easy. _____________________________________________________ 【话题美文欣赏】 英语是国际交流的语言。英语在世界各地传播的过程中，发生了很大的变化，那么世界上到底有哪些英语？不同英语的区别体现在哪里呢？让我们来读下面的短文吧！ There are many kinds of English; they are different in their vocabulary1, grammar, pronunciation and intonation2.These different kinds of English develop from history, geography, politics and the influence3 of other languages. Some of the major kinds of English are British English, American English, Canadian English, Australian English, Indian English and Caribbean English. The English spoken in Africa is different from country to country. Thus there are Nigerian English, South African English, Kenyan English and so on. All types of English originated4 from the English spoken in England. American English has now replaced British English. This is mostly because of the influence of the United States through the cinema and music, technology5 and trade. The most noticeable6 differences between American and British English are in spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. Many words that end in “our” in British English end in “or” in American English. Words ending in “se” are British English while their American ones end in “ze”. Some vocabulary items, too, are different. There are also many differences in expressions. The Americans would say “I just ate” as opposed to “I’ve just eaten” in British English. In American English, Mary is “on the team”, while in British English, Mary is “in the team”. 词海拾贝 1. vocabulary /v ( )'k bj l r / n. 词汇，词汇量 2. intonation / nt 'ne ( )n]/ n. 语调；音准 3. influence /' nflu ns/ n. 影响；作用 4. originate / 'r d ne t/ v. 起源，发源 5. technology /tek'n l d / n. 工艺学；技术 6. noticeable /'n t s b( )l/ adj. 显而易见的，值得注意的 Grammar Grammar Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的谓语动词，并说出该谓语动词具体是由什么充当的。 1. It has a round face. 2. He looks tired. 3. A dog is running after a cat. 4. You mustn’t play with fire. Ⅱ. 翻译下列句子。 Group 1: 1. 张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。 ______________________________________________________ 2. 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。 ______________________________________________________ 3. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。 ______________________________________________________ 4. 瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！ ______________________________________________________ 5. 他已经离开三天了。 ______________________________________________________ Group 2: I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______ by my parents every year. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _______ _______ _______ by the children. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _______ _______ _______ out. 学科原因 主语是语法基础知识，是句子必要的主要成分。 学生原因 先行知识： 1.不清楚谓语的定义 2.不知道谓语的用法：时态和语态 3.不知道解题方法 Grammar 谓语的概念 谓语是说明主语____________或____________。通常有____________充当。动词分为____________，____________，____________，____________。 动词的分类 步骤一、实义动词 1. 行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。 I live in Beijing with my mother. It has a round face. 2. 及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不直接跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.
He opened the door. 步骤二、连系动词 1. 状态系动词：只有be一词。 She is always like that.
I am used to traveling alone. These shoes are too tight for me. 2. 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。
He always kept silent at meeting.
The door remained closed. 3. 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) quite happy.
She appeared relaxed. 4. 感官系动词：表示 “……起来”，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. He looks honest, but actually he’s a cheat. 5. 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became mad after that.
She had grown thinner and thinner.
His cold was growing worse. 步骤三、助动词 这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问 He does not speak English well. A dog is running after a cat. Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast 步骤四、情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词的原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 1. 语法特征： （1）情态动词一般 ______（能/不能）表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，而表示期待或估计某事的发生。 （2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 （3）情态动词 ______（有/没有）人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数 ______（可以/不可以）加-s。 （4）情态动词______（有/没有）非谓语形式，即______（有/没有）不定式、分词等形式。 情态动词含义can表示能力，意为“能 会” 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中 表示请求，允许，意为“可以”couldcan 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力 在疑问句中表示委婉请求may表示请求、许可，意为“可以” 表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”mightmay的过去式，表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该” 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中should意为“应该”，表示要求和命令 表示劝告、建议had better意为“最好”，表示建议used to意为“过去常常”，表示过去的动作、行为have to意为 “不得不”
She can swim fast, but I can’t. He could write poems when he was 10. It may rain tomorrow. You mustn’t play with fire. I need to do it right now. We should protect the environment. I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. We had better go now. 谓语动词的时态变化 步骤一、一般时 1. 一般现在时 1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always, often, usually, seldom, never等。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 2. 表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象等， 练一练：按要求完成句子 张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。（中译英） ______________________________________________________ 我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。（中译英） ______________________________________________________ 2. 一般过去时 1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去时中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often, always等表示频度的副词连用。 练一练：按照要求完成句子 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。（中译英） ______________________________________________________ 我前天读了一本书。（中译英） ______________________________________________________ 3. 一般将来时 1. 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。 2. 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 练一练：按照要求完成句子 Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________ 他们今晚要去看足球赛。（中译英） ____________________________________________________ 步骤二、进行时 1. 现在进行时 1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作，常与now, right now, at this moment等时间状语连用。如： 2. 表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。 练一练：按照要求完成句子 Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写句子） ______________________________________________________ 瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！（中译英） ______________________________________________________ 2. 过去进行时 1. 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。 练一练：单项选择 ---I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered ---Sorry, I _______ with my friends at that time. A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. was swimming Yesterday evening, I _______ along the street when I suddenly met my teacher. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking ---What was your mother doing at this time yesterday ---She _______ the meal. A. cooked B. was cooking C. was cooked D. is cooking While mother _______ some washing, I _______ a kite for Kate. A. did; made B. was doing; made C. was doing; was making D. did; was making 步骤三、完成时 现在完成时VS一般过去时 （1）强调内容不同。 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，与现在无关，强调的是_______；现在完成时为过去发生，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是_______。 （2）时间状语不同。 一般过去时常与 _______________ 连用，如：yesterday, last week, two days ago, just now, in 2012等；而现在完成时通常与 _______________ 连用 如：so far, since last week, since two days ago, for three years, in the last/past five years，或_______________。 练一练：按照要求完成句子 1. 飞机已经来了。 ___________________________________________________ 2. 飞机是前一刻钟到的。 ___________________________________________________ 3. 上周日我写了两封信。 ___________________________________________________ 4. 他已经离开三天了。 ___________________________________________________ 谓语动词的语态 步骤一、各种时态的主动和被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例） 时态时态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时情态动词
练一练：按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present ______ ______ ______ ______ by my parents every year. 2. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _______ _______ _______ by the children. 3. You needn’t do it now. (改为被动语态) It _______ _______ _______ by you now. 4. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _______ _______ _______ making machines. 5. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _______ _______ _______ _______ that for him. 6. They are watching the football match. The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 7. Did they build a bridge here a year ago (改为被动语态) _______ a bridge _______ here by them a year ago 8. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _______ _______ _______ out. 9. We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ _______ “Lianliankan” by us. Grammar 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 1. Most birds can fly.（ ） 2. The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 3. It happened yesterday.（ ） 4. My watch stopped.（ ） 5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) Vocabulary I. 词形转换汇总 1. actual adj. 实际的________ adv. 实际上；事实上2. base n. 基地；基础________ v. 以……为根据________ adj. 基本的3. east n. 东方________ adj. 东方的；东部的4. office n. ________ adj.官方的；正式的_________ n. 军官；政府官员5.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的________ adv. 流利地；流畅地________ n. 流利；流畅6. use v. 使用，利用________ n. 用法，用途_______ n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法7. govern v. 管理；统治；支配_______ n. 管理者；主管人员________ n. 政府8. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的________ adv. 频繁地；常常_________ n. 频率9. express v. 表达_________ n. 表达；表情_________ adj. 有表现力的10. recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认_________ n. 识别；承认
II. 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 (1) It can be __________to write a short summary after reading a passage, because it will be of great ________to your writing. (usage) (2) He ________ in his ________speech that he will support us and the ________ on his face suggested that he meant what he said. (express) (3) The ________ said he would _______ the whole nation with an iron hand. (government) (4) Mr. White has two sons. One is an ______in the army. The other is an ______ in a government department. They both have their own______. Yesterday, the officer was ______ approved that he could have two months holiday and he said he would spend his holiday with his old father. (office) 总结： 谓语常考题型： 1. 语法填空和短文改错 2. 书面表达 Grammar 用下划线画出下列句中的系动词。 1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable.
Grammar 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 1. She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ） 2. Shall I begin at once （ ） 3. She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ）（ ） 4. When did they leave Beijing （ ） 5. They left last week.（ ） Grammar 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。 1. He has ( ) had ( ) supper already. 2. The bridge has( ) been( ) built( ) now. 3. I have ( ) been ( )waiting( ) for you all day. 4. He was ( ) struck ( ) by a stone. 阅读理解 Canadian English Canadian English is affected by both British and American English. In vocabulary there are a lot of US influences: Canadians use billboard, gas, truck and wrench rather than hoarding, petrol, lorry, and spanner; but on the other hand, they agree with the British in saying blinds, braces, porridge, and tap rather than shades, suspenders, oatmeal, and faucet. South African English Since 1994 South Africa has had eleven official languages: English, Afrikaans (having developed from Dutch), Zulu, Xhosa, and other largely regional African languages. English is the first language of only about 10 percent of the population, but the second language of many others. The English of native Afrikaners has influenced the “standard” English of white South Africans, examples being such informal usages as the affirmative(肯定的)no, as in“---How are you --No, I’m fine.” and the all purpose response “is it”, as in “She had a baby last week, is it ” Indian English Together with Hindi, English is used across India, but it can also be a speaker’s first, second, or third language. The grammar of Indian English has many distinguishing features, of which perhaps the best known are the use of the present continuous tense, as in “He is having very much of property”, and the use of “isn't it” as an ordinary question tag, “We are meeting tomorrow, isn’t it？”The first example shows another characteristic of the language, which is using “in” or “of” in idiomatic phrases. Verbs are also used differently, with speakers often dropping a preposition or object altogether, “I insisted immediate payment”, while double possessives(所有格) —“our these prices”(instead of the British English “these prices of ours”)—are common. 1. What does the underlined word “distinguishing” mean in Paragraph 3 A. different B. same C. short D. missing 2. According to the passage, which group of words is all in American form A. Billboard, gas, blinds, braces. B. Hoarding, petrol, porridge, tap. C. Truck, wrench, shades, suspenders. D. Lorry, spanner, oatmeal, faucet. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 A. Dutch is one of the official languages in South Africa. B. Zulu is one of the official languages in South Africa. C. Less than 10% of the South African people speak English as their second language. D. More than 10% of the South African people speak English as their mother tongue. 4. How many distinguishing features of Indian English grammar are mentioned in the passage A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

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