2023届高三英语二轮专题:动词虚拟语气课件(共13张PPT)

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2023届高三英语二轮专题:动词虚拟语气课件(共13张PPT)

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(共13张PPT)
高中英语动词语气
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动词的语气
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。英语中有3种语气:陈述语气:陈述事实(见于大多数句子中);祈使语气:提出请求,命令等(仅用于祈使句中);虚拟语气:表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况(只用于某几类句中)。
一、虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中
1.虚拟条件句中be的过去式一般为were:
If I were you,I would accept his offer.如果我是 你,就会接受他的建议。
2.表示将来情况时,主句中第一人称可用should,
其他人称用would;从句中任何人称都用should,不可用 would:
If it should rain tomorrow,what would you do?如 果明天下雨,你怎么办?
3.在正式文件中,有时可省去i,而将 were,had,should 提到主语前:
Had it not been for your help,wewould not have achieved so much.要不是你的帮助,我们不会取得如此大的成绩。
4.含蓄条件句:不是用条件句面是由介词短语(without...没有······,but for...要不是······),连词 (but但是),副词(otherwise 否则)等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况:
But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴雨,我们早到了。
5.错综时间条件句:主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间,其动词形式要根据时间面定。
If he had listened to me,he would not be in such trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话,现在就不会遇到麻烦了。
6.if引导的真实条件句,参见语法“副调性从句”。
二、虚拟语气用在表示要求.
建议、命令等的名词从句中,从句谓语用“(should+)原形动词”1.用在动词insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order (命令),propose(建议),demand(要求)等后面的宾 语从句中[参见suggest]:
He suggested that we(should) start now.他建议我 们现在就开始。
在美语中should常省去。
A如果上述动词不表示主张、建议等,而表示其他意义时,仍用陈述语气:
The expression on his face suggests that he knows it.他的表情表明他知道此事。
2.用在名词insistence(坚持),suggestion(建议), order(命令),proposal(建议),demand(要求)等后面 的表语从句和同位语从句中:
Their suggestion is that their output(should) be in- creased by 20%.他们的建议是让产量增加20%。
What do you think of his suggestion that we (should)put on a play? 他建议我们演一出剧,你觉得 怎样?
3.用在“It+be+natural(necessary,strange,im- portant 等,以及 insisted,suggested,ordered 等)+ that...”结构中的that引导的主语从句中:
It's necessary that you should be present at the meeting.你有必要参加会议。
It was suggested that the medicine should be sent there by plane.有人建议,那药品应该空运到那儿。
三.虚拟语气用在in case,lest,for fearthat 引起的句中,状语从表示“以防”,“以免”,从句谓语形式常为“should+动词原形”
He took his raincaat yith him in case it should rain. 他带上了雨衣以防下雨。
本句型有时可不用虚拟语气,而用一般现在时或一般过去时:
Here's some money in case you need il.这儿有点钱 以防你需要用。
四.虚拟语气用在wish后面的宾语从句中:
wih 后从句中虚拟情况的请语形式:现在that+主语+过去式
过去tha+主语+had*过大分间
将来thut+主语+mould(或might)+动词原形 I wish I knew the answer.但洛我加道答案。
在lt i wisbed that...以及wish作名词时后面的 表语或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气:
It Is wished that be had not mnade the miatake.他要 没犯此情误该多好。
Aif only引起的感叹句,其形式和意义与wish相同[参见only]
五、虚拟语气用在asif(或as though)引起的 状语方式从句或表语从句中,表示“好像”,形式和winh宾语从句中的形式相同:
They are talking as if tbey had been old friends.他 们谈着话好像多年的老朋友。
本句型有时用陈述语气表示较大的真实性:It looks as if it is going to rain.看未天要下则。(真 的要下雨)
六、虚拟语气用在It's time that._.结构中,表示“该干某事了”,含建议的意思,用动词过去式It's time(that)we went to bed.咱们该睡觉了。 Alime 黄可加abeut(表示“大约”)或high(表示强 ■)等。
七、虚拟语气用在 would rather,would as soon,would sooner和would prefer后面的从句中, 表示“希望”,用动词的过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况,用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况
rd ratherI had seen the film.我真希望我看过这 部电影。
八.虚拟语气用在表示祝愿的句子中
1.用动词原形:
Long live the friendship!友谊万岁! 2.may+动词原形:
May you be happy! 祝你快乐! 九、虚拟语气的其他用法
L.in order that 或so that引导的目的状语从句中 的虚拟语气,参见第六章第八节“副词性从句”。
2.must,may,should 等+have 过大分词,参见第 五章第七节“动词的种类和基本形式”。
虚拟语气记忆口诀
虚拟语气表愿望; If句中三情况; 与现事实若相反; 从过全were 主would 原; 过从had过分连; Would have 过分键; 从过were to should 原; Would 动原主将反。
错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为"错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If you had followed the doctor' s advice, you would be better now. 如果你当时听医生建议的话,你现在就好多了。
省略if的倒装句
在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候,虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示,而是暗含在上下文中。
(1)用but for、without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。
Without electricity human life would be quite different.
=If there were no electricity, human life would be quite different.
如果没有电,人类的生活将会有很大不同。
(2)用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示与上文的情况相反,从而引出虚拟语气。 I lost your address. Otherwise, I would have visited you long before.
=I lost your address. If I hadn’t lost your address, I would have visited you long before.
你的地址我弄丢了,要不我早就去拜访你了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。
He would have given you more help,but he was too busy. 他本来会给你更多的帮助,但是他 太忙了。
也就是说,如果那时他不忙,他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件—如果那时他不忙。
He would lose weight,but he eats too much.他本来可以减肥的,但是他吃得太多了。
也就是说,如果他吃得不多的话,他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件—如果他吃得不多。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有:demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise,request,urge, command,prefer,desire,recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为"should+动词原形", should可以省略。
【特别提醒】
suggest表"暗示",insist表"坚持认为"时不用虚拟语气。试比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
Hesuggested that we(should) stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。 I
suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
用于主语从句中
常见句型:It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/... + that... It is sb' s order/desire/suggestion/advice/... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/... + that
从句谓语形式:(should+)动词原形
It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.军队必须在上午4点之前到达 那里。
It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必 要的。
用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句 中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
His demand is that the boy should go with him.他要求这个男孩和他一起去。
Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.我们的建议是你应该第一个 去。
He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。

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