资源简介

(共20张PPT)
Unit 4
Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
Period
2
master the usage of infinitives as adverbials and attributes through self-study and practice
By the end of this period, students will be able to
1
2
3
4
5
identify and analyze the usage of infinitives as adverbials and attributes
use infinitives to describe space facts and efforts to explore space
……
Objectives:
Lead-in
Lily and Bob are chatting when they jog.
I want to be an astronaut.
So I need to do much exercise to make my dream come true.
What’s your dream
What do you do for your dream
Why do you jog everyday
Presentation
Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.
I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
infinitive as adverbial
infinitive as adverbial
Presentation
Some scientists were determined to help
humans realize their dream to explore
space.
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the
first person in the world to go into space.
Find more examples from the unit.
First of all, you must be intelligent enough
to get a related college degree.
infinitive as adverbial
infinitive as attribute
infinitive as attribute
Presentation
不定式作定语、状语
一、不定式的定义：
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数
的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、
宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
Presentation
二、不定式在句中的功能：
（一）作定语
不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
She is the first student to come to school.
There is nothing to worry about.
Presentation
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
例：
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on
time tomorrow.
1.当修饰的名词是
ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage,
desire, decision, effort, failure, moment,
promise, right, time, wish …
（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）
Presentation
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
例：
1. He was the first one to think of the idea.
2. You are the only person to be late.
3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.
2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best,
the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最
高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。
Presentation
例：
I come here to say good-bye to you.
So as not to disturb the baby, I walked quietly.
常用结构：to do; in order to do, so as to do,
so/ such…as to do, etc.
（二）作状语
不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。
目的状语：可用在句首
Presentation
（二）作状语
3. 结果状语：常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too...to”；“enough to...”；“only to do”
句型中。
例：He studied hard only to fail the exam.
He is old enough to go to school.
She is so proud as to look down upon others.
2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。
例： I’m glad to see you.
She was disappointed to hear the news.
Presentation
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
例：
1. He went home to find his old friend George outside the door.
2. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；
而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成
的结果。
Practice
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly.
Examples:
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
Practice
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.
2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water
so that it can be recycled for later use.
3. Mankind has always been curious about the
universe and many people have dreamt
that one day they would fly into space.
____________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day
Practice
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________.
___________________________________
________________________________________.
5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything
down while working in space because everything
would float off otherwise.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move
slowly so that they can keep their bodies
under control.
During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything
down while working in space to / in order to /
so as to keep everything from floating off
Production
3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。
He is always ________________________ and the last one to leave the office.
4.有足够的食物供客人享用。
There is enough food for the guests __________.
Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.
1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。
_______________________, you need a special pen.
2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。
He arrived late _______________________________.
To draw maps correctly
to enjoy
the first one to come
to find the others had gone home
Production
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal______________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _______ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing________ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists
to achieve
using
to get
known
Production
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
figure out a way ___________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as __________ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
Homework
Finish the excises on the workbook.
THANKS!

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