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课时质量评价(五)
必修第一册　UNIT 4
主题语境：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
(2022·泰安模拟)When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out．They tied up their bikes and outdoor benches, and checked in with neighbours to ensure everyone had enough food and water as their neighbourhood slid up and down its steel foundational pillars (支柱), rising along with the water and going back to its original position after the rain stopped．
“We feel safer in storm because we are floating，”says Siti Boelen, a Dutch television producer who moved into Schoonschip two years ago．As sea levels rise and supercharged storms cause waters to rise, floating neighbourhoods offer an experiment in flood defence that could allow coastal communities to better fight against climate change．
A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the top of the water's surface．Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid．They are structurally similar to houses built on land, but instead of a basement, they have a concrete hull (船体) that acts as a counterbalance, allowing them to remain stable in the water．
Severe wind and rain, or even the passing of large cruise ships, can make the buildings rock．Siti Boelen, the Schoonschip resident, says that when she first moved in, stormy weather made her think twice．“You feel it in your stomach，”she says, adding that she has gotten used to the feeling．Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system．
But the benefits may outweigh the costs．“If there are floods, it's expected that many people will move to higher ground．But the alternative is to stay close to coastal cities and explore expansion onto the water，”says Rutger de Graaf．“If you consider that in the second half of the century, hundreds of millions of people will be displaced by sea level rise, we need to start now to increase the scale of floating developments．”
1．What did local residents think when a heavy storm hit
A．They could get through it．
B．They could control the flood．
C．They could get some bikes after it．
D．They could gain enough food in it．
2．What can we know about Siti Boelen
A．She has a sense of security in a storm．
B．She gets along well with her neighbours．
C．She has produced TV sets used in the storm．
D．She makes contributions to defending against flood．
3．How does the author describe the floating houses in Paragraph 3
A．By listing figures．
B．By giving examples．
C．By analysing reasons．
D．By making comparisons．
4．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The impacts of stormy weather．
B．The significance of thinking twice．
C．The higher costs of building houses．
D．The challenges faced by floating houses．
B
Water is so low in large stretches of Italy's largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing．
In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50 metre long ship that transported wood during World War Ⅱ but sank in 1943．It was normally covered by the Po's waters．“It's the first time that we can see this ship，”said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal．“I've never seen such a drought at this time of year — our main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance．”
The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometres from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardising the drinking water supply in Italy's densely populated and highly industrialised districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley．
Northern Italy hasn't seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this year's snowfall is down by 70%．Aquifers (含水层), which hold groundwater, are exhausted．Temperatures of 2℃ above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leaving the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs．
All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years, according to the Po River Basin Authority (PRBA)．
Meuccio Berselli, secretary general of the PRBA, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to millions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food．The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions．
According to a state owned energy service system operator, 55% of the renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries．Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions, as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gases．
5．What does the resurfacing of the Zibello suggest
A．The drought of the Po is serious．
B．River flooding is worrying．
C．It has been recovered from damage．
D．Residents are preserving it．
6．What does the underlined word “jeopardising”in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Indicating． B．Increasing．
C．Endangering． D．Providing．
7．What does the text indicate about the PRBA's plan
A．It helps to generate renewable energy．
B．It may lead to environmental problems．
C．It will cause the Po to disappear quickly．
D．It deserves wide support and high praise．
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing
B．Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies
C．A Drought Is Threatening Farmers
D．Italy's Largest River Is Drying Up
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假如你是中学生李华，上周一你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下：
1．在教室时怎样做；
2．在家时怎样更安全；
3．在街上时要注意什么。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, earthquake is a terrible kind of natural disaster．So what should we do when an earthquake comes ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
课时质量评价(五)
Ⅰ．A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个对抗暴风雨的新方法——漂浮房屋。
1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out．”可知，当暴雨来袭时，当地居民认为他们可以安然度过。故选A。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We feel safer in storm because we are floating”可知，Siti Boelen在暴风雨中有安全感。故选A。
3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the top of the water's surface．Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid．”可知，本段是通过比较来描述漂浮房屋的。故选D。
4．D　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Severe wind and rain ...”和“Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system．”可知，第四段主要是关于漂浮房屋面临的挑战。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于70年来最严重的干旱，意大利最大的河流——波河面临干涸，给意大利人的生活用水和灌溉带来极大威胁。
5．A　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，“济贝洛”号浮出水面表明波河的干旱非常严重。故选A。
6．C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The drying up of the Po”以及“and threatening irrigation”可知，画线词在词义上与“endangering”接近。故选C。
7．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions．”和最后一段中的“Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions, as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gases．”可知， 波河流域管理部门的计划可能导致环境问题。故选B。
8．D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了由于70年来最严重的干旱，意大利最大的河流波河面临干涸。故选D。
Ⅱ．【参考范文】
What to Do During an Earthquake
As_we_all_know,_earthquake_is_a_terrible_kind_of_natural_disaster．_So_what_should_we_do_when_an_earthquake_comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out．However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen．Don't go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony．
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don't stand near buildings, fences or walls．Move quickly to a large open place to wait．Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous．(共81张PPT)
教材复习
必修第一册
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
必备知识·自主检测
01
Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．2.8 _______ people 二十八亿人
2．their ______ or second language 他们的母语或第二语言
3．the ________ of the speaker 演讲者的态度
4．the main _______ 主要因素
5．a ___________ language 一种以图画为基础的语言
6．an important _____ 一个重要方式
7．the _______ works 经典作品
billion
native
attitude
factors
picture-based
means
classic
8．the high ______ for the Chinese writing system 对中国书写体系的高度重视
9．Chinese __________ 汉字
10．in global _______ 在全球事务中
11．________ information 特定信息
12．a ________ 一场斗争
13．___ your pardon 请原谅
14．bridge the ___ 消除隔阂
15．a ________ 一种需求
regard
characters
affairs
specific
struggle
beg
gap
demand
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．Apart from the textbooks, I often _____ to other _________ materials to assist my studies．(refer)
2．There are _______ goods in the supermarket, and the prices ____ from cents to dollars．The _______ attracts many customers．(variety)
3．One of the _____ problems is that a ________ of the graduates who _____ in English find it difficult to find a good job．(major)
refer
reference
various
vary
variety
major
majority
major
4．People with an ____________ of art and literature can __________ works of art．(appreciate)
5．All men are born _____, so everyone hopes to be treated _______ because ________ is the basic demand．(equal)
6．He _________ the robbery in detail to the policeman and his ___________ was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time．(describe)
appreciation
appreciate
equal
equally
equality
described
description
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．It's well known that some diseases _________ (与……相关) air pollution．
2．When the reporter ___________ (提到) his private affairs, the singer changed his attitude at once．
3．From my _____________ (观点), it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves．
relate to
referred to
point of view
4．Despite the _____________ (浮沉) in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things．
5．This custom _____________ (追溯到) the Tang Dynasty and was very popular in the north of China then．
6．More often than not, children _________ (依赖) their parents for almost everything．
7．As everyone knows, she _______________________ (在……中起重要作用) our organisation．
ups and downs
dates back to
depend on
plays an important role in
8．We've consulted ___________ (许多) books about the subject in the library．
9．The girl _______ (过去常常) be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work now．
a number of
used to
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。(be of＋名词)
Looking ahead, he knows it ______________________ for him to enter a famous university．
2．你们如此善良、体贴，我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪里。(no matter where引导让步状语从句)
You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you _______________________．
is of great significance
no matter where you are
3．起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but ________ he explained, _________________ I became．
4．我不擅长英语，我在语法方面有很多麻烦。(have trouble with sth．)
I am not good at English, and I _______________________________．
5．那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。(It was a time when ...)
_________________________________ very big transformations．
the more
the more confused
have a lot of trouble with the grammar
It was a time when China experienced
关键能力·重难探究
02
重点 练透
微点 练全
高考 对接
1．base vt．以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
[素养佳句](2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text．
这些天，我和我的同班同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
(1)base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础；依据……
(2)basis n．基础；基本原则；根据；基点
on the basis of ... 根据……；在……的基础上
(3)basic adj．基本的；基础的；初级的；根本的
(4)based adj．以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(5)basically adv．本质上；基本上；(口)说白了；说穿了
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2022·浙江卷1月)My choices _________ (base) on the lifestyle I want．
②(2021·浙江卷6月)“We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based __ a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth，” said study author Corsin Müller．
③_______ (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint．
are based
on
Based
④______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later．
⑤As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the _____ (base) of making friends．
⑥They have to have a _____ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology．
Basing
basis
basic
能力迁移——句式升级
The movie was based on a real-life incident．And it turned out to be a success．
⑦The movie _________________________ turned out to be a success．
(过去分词短语作定语)
⑧_________________________, the movie turned out to be a success．
(过去分词短语作状语)
based on a real-life incident
Based on a real-life incident
2．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
[素养佳句]There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from．
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
(2)vary vi．变化
vary in sth．在(大小、形状等)方面不同；在某方面有差异
vary with ... 随……变化、改变
vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
(3)various adj．各种各样的；多姿多彩的；不同的
(4)varied adj．各种各样的；形形色色的
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety __ wildlife．
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷听力)It was also great to work in _______ (variety) labs, such as directors, writers and so on．
③_________ (vary) of celebrations will be organised to display the agricultural harvest．
④The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ____ (various) from 10 to 15．
of
various
Varieties
vary
能力迁移——词汇升级/句式升级
Our school has built a new stadium．It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities．
⑤Our school has built a new stadium, ____________________________________________________________．(定语从句)
which has various/varieties
of/a variety of well-equipped facilities
名师点津
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3．major adj．主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修；专门研究
[素养佳句](2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world．
事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语，成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。
(1)major in 主修……；以……为专业
(2)majority n．大多数；大半
a/the majority of ... 大多数……
in the/a majority 占多数
(3)minority n．少数
in the/a minority 占少数
基础练透——单句语法填空
①The majority of the land __________________ (destroy) so far．
②Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays ____ (be) really funny．
③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major __ the gardening after attending college．
has been destroyed
were
in
能力迁移——完成句子
④When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect _______________________．
当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。
the opinions of the majority
名师点津
the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数形式，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。
4．means n．方式；方法；途径
[素养佳句]The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment．
生活质量提高了，看电影被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
by this means用这种方法
by means of通过；用；借助于
by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子部分倒装)
by all means (用于交际英语中表示同意)当然可以；没问题；务必
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)Plastic straws are __ no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution ...
②(2020·江苏卷)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
—By ___ means．He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty．
③Students sometimes support themselves by means __ doing part-time jobs．
④Every possible means ___ (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear．
by
all
of
has
能力迁移——同义句转换
The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought．
⑤By no means ______________ as simple as we first thought．
名师点津
means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
is the problem
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会；理解 vi．增值
[素养佳句]What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently．
我们最欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使我们高效完成了任务。
(1)appreciate＋名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
express one's appreciation to sb．for sth．对某人因为某事表达感激之情
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)His son, age 15, who had taken an art ____________ (appreciate) class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair．
②I really appreciate __ if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent．
③I appreciate ___________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago．
④I'd appreciate your _________ (write) me back at your earliest convenience．
appreciation
it
being given
writing
能力迁移——一句多译
如果你能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。
⑤_______________ you could take my suggestions into consideration．
(appreciate)
⑥________________ you could take my advice into account．(grateful)
I'd appreciate it if
I'd be grateful if
名师点津
appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词-ing形式作宾语。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
6．struggle n．& vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[素养佳句]But the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way．” reminded me that the path to success was not always smooth and encouraged me to struggle on．
但是“有志者事竟成”这句谚语提醒我成功的道路并不总是平坦的，并鼓励我继续奋斗。
struggle for ... 为……而斗争
struggle with/against ... 与……做斗争
struggle to do sth．努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2022·北京卷)Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle ___ a take-along option．
②(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old．Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle _______ debt and misfortune．
③We have to struggle ____________ all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom．
for
against
against/with
④Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled _______ (lead) an active life．
⑤The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle ___________ (hear)．
⑥—Why didn't you give a hand to the boy
—I'd like to, but he struggled __ his feet before I tried to．
to lead
to be heard
to
能力迁移——句式升级
Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency．
⑦_________________________________, Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Having struggled for months to find a job
7．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj．相同的；同样的 vt．比得上；敌得过
[素养佳句]For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health．
其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
(1)equal sth．/sb．(in ...)(在……方面) 比得上某物/某人；(在……方面)与某物/某人匹敌/相等
(2)be equal to sth．/doing sth．与……相当/能胜任做某事
(3)without (an) equal无人可比的
(4)equality n．相等；平等
基础练透——单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal __ the task, so long as he is careful．You should give it a try．
②No one equals him __ courage, about which everyone knows．
③Black people had to fight for social and economic ________ (equal) with whites．
④(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides _______ (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another．
to
in
equality
equally
能力迁移——一句多译
尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。
⑤Young as he was, John ____________ the important task．(equal)
⑥Although he was young, John ___________ the important task．(fit)
⑦Young as he was, John _____________ the important task．(qualified)
was equal to
was fit for
was qualified for
8．demand n．要求；需求 vt．强烈要求；需要 vi．查问
[素养佳句]With the growth of China's economy and improvement of people's living standards, the demand for the service industries has correspondingly risen．
随着中国经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高，对服务业的需求相应增加。
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
(2)demand to do sth．要求做某事
demand that ... (should) do sth．要求……做某事
(3)demanding adj．要求高的
基础练透——单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江卷7月)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), _________ (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests．
②My father came down and demanded _______ (know) what was going on．
③The boss demanded that everyone _____________ (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow．
④His novels are __ great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature．
demanding
to know
(should) attend
in
能力迁移——同义句转换
The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number．
⑤The teacher demanded that he _________________ my parents' telephone number．
名师点津
demand只能用于demand to do sth．, 不能用于demand sb．to do sth．。有类似用法的动词还有： hope, refuse, agree等。
(should) be given
9．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
[素养佳句]He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his notes while delivering his speech．
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记。
(1)refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
(2)in/with reference to 关于
基础练透——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①These books refer to Asian problems． ____
②She referred to the last page of the book for answers． ____
③I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man． _______
④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big ideas，” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety． ____
描述
查阅
指的是
提到
能力迁移——完成句子
⑤______________________________, I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you．
关于餐桌礼仪，我想给你一些建议，希望对你有帮助。
In/With reference to table manners
名师点津
(1)refer的过去式、过去分词和动词-ing形式都要先双写“r”，再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
(2)refer to表示“查阅”时，后接词典、参考书等；look up表示“查阅”时，后接要查阅的具体内容。
10．date back (to ...)(＝date from)追溯到……；始于
[素养佳句]Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1，000 years ago．
中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
out of date过时的；陈旧的
up to date最新式的；现代的
to date/so far 迄今；至今；到目前为止
fix/set a date for ... 确定……的日期
基础练透——单句语法填空
①My interest in stamp collection _____ (date) back to my schooldays．
②______ (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city．
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up __ date with modern technology．
④As far as I know, they have set the date ___ the meeting．
dates
Dating
to
for
能力迁移——句式升级
The festival is held in November every year．It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn．
⑤The festival, ___________________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn, is held in November every year．(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
dating back to the Ming Dynasty
名师点津
date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态。常用其动词-ing形式作后置定语。
11．be＋of＋抽象名词
[素养佳句](2021·全国甲卷写作)Furthermore, guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music．
此外，古筝对中国民族音乐也有重要的意义，它带领你进入一个美妙的音乐世界。
(1)be of use/importance/significance/help/value/benefit/...＝be useful/
important/significant/helpful/valuable/beneficial/...
(这些抽象名词前还可用形容词great, little, some, any, much, no来修饰说明其程度。)
(2)be of ... colour/age/size/height/weight/shape/type/kind/...
(这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。)
(3)be of ... quality/character/feature/...
(这类名词前常用good, bad, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明。)
基础练透——单句语法填空
①Your suggestions on how to solve the problem are very ______ (use) to us．
②The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is __ great popularity among us students．
useful
of
能力迁移——同义句转换
His opinion is considered to be very valuable．
③His opinion is considered to be ______________．
A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development．
④A harmonious family ___________ a child's personal development．
of great value
is beneficial to
12．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...
[素养佳句]Education is about learning, and the more you learn, the more you will prepare for your life．
教育就是学习，你学的知识越多，你对于生活的准备就越充分。
“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构用法如下：
(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。
(3)本结构可以用省略形式。
基础练透——单句语法填空
①The more you practise, the better you __________ (speak) English．
②(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the ____ (much) we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius．
will speak
more
能力迁移——完成句子
③________ you know about our traditional culture, ________ you are interested in it．
你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
④The more learned a man is, _________________________．
一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。
The more
the more
the more modest he usually is
1．Can you give a ___________ of the contents of your lost wallet
2．Sincerely, not only gratitude but also forgiveness is always my ________ towards life．
选词填空
attitude; despite; ups and downs; regard; description; point of view; relate to; native; symbol; a number of
description
attitude
3．_______ her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses．
4．It was his first visit to his ______ country since 1948．
5．Our life has its _____________ and we need someone to ride with us．
6．In the past ten years ___________ high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but ruins．
7．To write a good news report, you have to make sure your information __________ something that has recently happened．
Despite
native
ups and downs
a number of
relates to
8．White has always been a ______ of purity in Western cultures．
9．Teachers, nurses and secretaries are always ________ as jobs for women．
10．From my _____________, it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves．
symbol
regarded
point of view
Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system． _______
2．(2022·浙江卷1月)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed． ___________
n．系统
adj．具体的
3．(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places． _____________
4．(2021·全国甲卷)Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius．His face is almost the international symbol for genius． _______
v．把……视为
n．象征
Ⅱ．一词多义
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills．” __
A．n．角色　B．n．性格　C．n．符号 D．n．文字　E．n．特点
B
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris． __
A．adj．最优秀的　　　 B．adj．传统的
C．adj．典型的 D．adj．经典的
D
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)______________________ you can accept our invitation and share your opinion．
如果您能接受我们的邀请并分享您的意见，我将不胜感激。
2．(2021·浙江卷1月写作)For your visit here, we have arranged ___________________．
为了您的来访，我们已安排各种各样的活动。
I would appreciate it if
a variety of activities
3．(2020·北京卷写作)Through such an unforgettable experience, I strongly believe that ________ we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, ______________ we will get in our daily study and job．
通过这样一个难忘的经历，我坚信，我们越意识到这句名言的意义，我们将在我们的日常学习和工作中得到越多的好处。
4．(2019·北京卷写作)I hope these suggestions above ________________________．Perhaps we can meet in Beijing．
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
the more
the more benefits
will be of some
help to you
5．(2018·北京卷写作)From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future, _______________________ and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University．
从现在起，你应该为你的未来做准备，为你的梦想而奋斗，你就会获得北京语言大学的录取通知书。
6．(2018·天津卷写作)What I want to stress is that some new members are _________ in our group．
我想强调的是，我们队需要一些新成员。
struggle for your dream
in demand
课堂效果·巩固训练
03
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．As time goes by, I have changed my _______ (态度) and I even think she is lovely．
2．________ (尽管) all these discouragements, she refused to give up．
3．What is the ________ (具体的) aim since you are working so hard
4．There are two mainly different political parties playing an important part in the state _______ (公共事务) in this country．
attitude
Despite
specific
affairs
5．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's _________ (性格)．
6．I'm very glad to see that your ________ (词汇) is gradually building up．
7．In our daily life, we must _______ (斗争) against natural disasters．
character
vocabulary
struggle
8．She speaks not only her ______ (本国的) language, Chinese, but also English．
9．A list of _______ (符号) used on the map is given in the index．
10．First, science graduates are in greater ______ (需求) than arts ones in China．
native
symbols
demand
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．One of the advantages is that we can find _______ (variety) topics, such as science, culture and history．
2．They have tried all means, which possibly are helpful, but unfortunately not a means __________ (work) so far．
3．______ (date) back to 300 years ago，the stone house is well preserved．
4．Contact with other people is a _____ (base) human need．
various
has worked
Dating
basic
5．Don't you believe in ________ (equal) between men and women
6．These drawings will form the _____ (base) of the exhibition．
7．We appreciate _____________ (participate) in this activity, which has helped to build an emotional connection between the old and the young．
8．Tu Youyou ___________ (regard) as one of the most respectable scientists in China．
equality
basis
participating
is regarded
9．The plan which is related __ the project is under discussion at the meeting．
10．We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ___________ (describe)．
to
description
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)由于这些问题，我们希望在您方便的时候得到您的帮助。如果你愿意帮助我们，我将非常感激。(appreciate)
Due to these problems, we hope to get your help at your convenience．I _______________________ you are willing to give a hand to us．
2．希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。(be of＋n．)
Hopefully, these suggestions __________________________．
would truly appreciate it if
would be of great help to you
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心地帮助我们。(have trouble with)
Whenever we __________________________, our teacher always helps us patiently．
4．基于他们的研究，专家建议农民应该种各种各样的农作物，而不是仅靠大米为生。(过去分词短语作状语)
____________________, the experts suggest that farmers plant a variety of crops and not just depend on rice．
have trouble with our studies
Based on their research
5．我们跟他相处的时间越长，他就会在我们中间越受欢迎。(the ＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...)
_________ we get along with him, ______________ with us he will be．
The longer
the more popularUnit 5 Languages Around the World
Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．2.8 billion people 二十八亿人
2．their native or second language 他们的母语或第二语言
3．the attitude of the speaker 演讲者的态度
4．the main factors 主要因素
5．a picture-based language 一种以图画为基础的语言
6．an important means 一个重要方式
7．the classic works 经典作品
8．the high regard for the Chinese writing system 对中国书写体系的高度重视
9．Chinese characters 汉字
10．in global affairs 在全球事务中
11．specific information 特定信息
12．a struggle 一场斗争
13．beg your pardon 请原谅
14．bridge the gap 消除隔阂
15．a demand 一种需求
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．Apart from the textbooks, I often refer to other reference materials to assist my studies．(refer)
2．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars．The variety attracts many customers．(variety)
3．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job．(major)
4．People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art．(appreciate)
5．All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand．(equal)
6．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time．(describe)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．It's well known that some diseases relate to (与……相关) air pollution．
2．When the reporter referred to (提到) his private affairs, the singer changed his attitude at once．
3．From my point of view (观点), it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves．
4．Despite the ups and downs (浮沉) in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things．
5．This custom dates back to (追溯到) the Tang Dynasty and was very popular in the north of China then．
6．More often than not, children depend on (依赖) their parents for almost everything．
7．As everyone knows, she plays an important role in (在……中起重要作用) our organisation．
8．We've consulted a number of (许多) books about the subject in the library．
9．The girl used to (过去常常) be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work now．
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。(be of＋名词)
Looking ahead, he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university．
2．你们如此善良、体贴，我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪里。(no matter where引导让步状语从句)
You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are．
3．起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。(the＋比较级， the＋比较级)
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, the more confused I became．
4．我不擅长英语，我在语法方面有很多麻烦。(have trouble with sth．)
I am not good at English, and I have a lot of trouble with the grammar．
5．那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。(It was a time when ...)
It was a time when China experienced very big transformations．
1．base vt．以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
[素养佳句](2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text．
这些天，我和我的同班同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
(1)base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础；依据……
(2)basis n．基础；基本原则；根据；基点
on the basis of ... 根据……；在……的基础上
(3)basic adj．基本的；基础的；初级的；根本的
(4)based adj．以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(5)basically adv．本质上；基本上；(口)说白了；说穿了
——单句语法填空
①(2022·浙江卷1月)My choices are based (base) on the lifestyle I want．
②(2021·浙江卷6月)“We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth，” said study author Corsin Müller．
③Based (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint．
④Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later．
⑤As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the basis (base) of making friends．
⑥They have to have a basic (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology．
——句式升级
The movie was based on a real-life incident．And it turned out to be a success．
⑦The movie based on a real-life incident turned out to be a success．(过去分词短语作定语)
⑧Based on a real-life incident, the movie turned out to be a success．(过去分词短语作状语)
2．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
[素养佳句]There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from．
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
(1)各种各样的
(2)vary vi．变化
vary in sth．在(大小、形状等)方面不同；在某方面有差异
vary with ... 随……变化、改变
vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
(3)various adj．各种各样的；多姿多彩的；不同的
(4)varied adj．各种各样的；形形色色的
——单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife．
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷听力)It was also great to work in various (variety) labs, such as directors, writers and so on．
③Varieties (vary) of celebrations will be organised to display the agricultural harvest．
④The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15．
——词汇升级/句式升级
Our school has built a new stadium．It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities．
⑤Our school has built a new stadium, which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities．(定语从句)
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3．major adj．主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修；专门研究
[素养佳句](2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world．
事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语，成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。
(1)major in 主修……；以……为专业
(2)majority n．大多数；大半
a/the majority of ... 大多数……
in the/a majority 占多数
(3)minority n．少数
in the/a minority 占少数
——单句语法填空
①The majority of the land has been destroyed (destroy) so far．
②Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny．
③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college．
——完成句子
④When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority．
当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。
the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数形式，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。
4．means n．方式；方法；途径
[素养佳句]The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment．
生活质量提高了，看电影被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
by this means用这种方法
by means of通过；用；借助于
by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子部分倒装)
by all means (用于交际英语中表示同意)当然可以；没问题；务必
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution ...
②(2020·江苏卷)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
—By all means．He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty．
③Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs．
④Every possible means has (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear．
——同义句转换
The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought．
⑤By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought．
means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会；理解 vi．增值
[素养佳句]What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently．
我们最欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使我们高效完成了任务。
(1)appreciate＋名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
express one's appreciation to sb．for sth．对某人因为某事表达感激之情
——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation (appreciate) class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair．
②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent．
③I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago．
④I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back at your earliest convenience．
——一句多译
如果你能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。
⑤I'd appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration．(appreciate)
⑥I'd be grateful if you could take my advice into account．(grateful)
appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词-ing形式作宾语。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
6．struggle n．&vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[素养佳句]But the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way．” reminded me that the path to success was not always smooth and encouraged me to struggle on．
但是“有志者事竟成”这句谚语提醒我成功的道路并不总是平坦的，并鼓励我继续奋斗。
struggle for ... 为……而斗争
struggle with/against ... 与……做斗争
struggle to do sth．努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
——单句语法填空
①(2022·北京卷)Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option．
②(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old．Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune．
③We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom．
④Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead(lead) an active life．
⑤The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard (hear)．
⑥—Why didn't you give a hand to the boy
—I'd like to, but he struggled to his feet before I tried to．
——句式升级
Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency．
⑦Having struggled for months to find a job, Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
7．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj．相同的；同样的 vt．比得上；敌得过
[素养佳句]For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health．
其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
(1)equal sth．/sb．(in ...)(在……方面) 比得上某物/某人；(在……方面)与某物/某人匹敌/相等
(2)be equal to sth．/doing sth．与……相当/能胜任做某事
(3)without (an) equal无人可比的
(4)equality n．相等；平等
——单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful．You should give it a try．
②No one equals him in courage, about which everyone knows．
③Black people had to fight for social and economic equality (equal) with whites．
④(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another．
——一句多译
尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。
⑤Young as he was, John was equal to the important task．(equal)
⑥Although he was young, John was fit for the important task．(fit)
⑦Young as he was, John was qualified for the important task．(qualified)
8．demand n．要求；需求 vt．强烈要求；需要 vi．查问
[素养佳句]With the growth of China's economy and improvement of people's living standards, the demand for the service industries has correspondingly risen．
随着中国经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高，对服务业的需求相应增加。
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
(2)demand to do sth．要求做某事
demand that ... (should) do sth．要求……做某事
(3)demanding adj．要求高的
——单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江卷7月)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests．
②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on．
③The boss demanded that everyone (should) attend (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow．
④His novels are in great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature．
——同义句转换
The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number．
⑤The teacher demanded that he (should) be given my parents' telephone number．
demand只能用于demand to do sth．, 不能用于demand sb．to do sth．。有类似用法的动词还有： hope, refuse, agree等。
9．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
[素养佳句]He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his notes while delivering his speech．
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记。
(1)refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
(2)in/with reference to 关于
——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①These books refer to Asian problems．描述
②She referred to the last page of the book for answers．查阅
③I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man．指的是
④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big ideas，” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety．提到
——完成句子
⑤In/With reference to table manners, I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you．
关于餐桌礼仪，我想给你一些建议，希望对你有帮助。
(1)refer的过去式、过去分词和动词-ing形式都要先双写“r”，再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
(2)refer to表示“查阅”时，后接词典、参考书等；look up表示“查阅”时，后接要查阅的具体内容。
10．date back (to ...)(＝date from)追溯到……；始于
[素养佳句]Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1，000 years ago．
中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
out of date过时的；陈旧的
up to date最新式的；现代的
to date/so far 迄今；至今；到目前为止
fix/set a date for ... 确定……的日期
——单句语法填空
①My interest in stamp collection dates (date) back to my schooldays．
②Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city．
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology．
④As far as I know, they have set the date for the meeting．
——句式升级
The festival is held in November every year．It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn．
⑤The festival, dating back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn, is held in November every year．(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态。常用其动词-ing形式作后置定语。
11．be＋of＋抽象名词
[素养佳句](2021·全国甲卷写作)Furthermore, guzhengis of great significance to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music．
此外，古筝对中国民族音乐也有重要的意义，它带领你进入一个美妙的音乐世界。
(1)be of use/importance/significance/help/value/benefit/...＝be useful/important/significant/helpful/valuable/beneficial/...
(这些抽象名词前还可用形容词great, little, some, any, much, no来修饰说明其程度。)
(2)be of ... colour/age/size/height/weight/shape/type/kind/...
(这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。)
(3)be of ... quality/character/feature/...
(这类名词前常用good, bad, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明。)
——单句语法填空
①Your suggestions on how to solve the problem are very useful (use) to us．
②The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students．
——同义句转换
His opinion is considered to be very valuable．
③His opinion is considered to be of great value．
A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development．
④A harmonious family is beneficial to a child's personal development．
12．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...
[素养佳句]Education is about learning, and the more you learn, the more you will prepare for your life．
教育就是学习，你学的知识越多，你对于生活的准备就越充分。
“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构用法如下：
(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。
(3)本结构可以用省略形式。
——单句语法填空
①The more you practise, the better you will speak (speak) English．
②(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more (much) we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius．
——完成句子
③The more you know about our traditional culture, the more you are interested in it．
你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
④The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is．
一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。
选词填空
attitude; despite; ups and downs; regard; description; point of view; relate to; native; symbol; a number of
1．Can you give a description of the contents of your lost wallet
2．Sincerely, not only gratitude but also forgiveness is always my attitude towards life．
3．Despite her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses．
4．It was his first visit to his native country since 1948．
5．Our life has its ups and downs and we need someone to ride with us．
6．In the past ten years a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but ruins．
7．To write a good news report, you have to make sure your information relates to something that has recently happened．
8．White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures．
9．Teachers, nurses and secretaries are always regarded as jobs for women．
10．From my point of view, it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves．
Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system．n．系统
2．(2022·浙江卷1月)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed．adj．具体的
3．(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places．v．把……视为
4．(2021·全国甲卷)Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius．His face is almost the international symbol for genius．n．象征
Ⅱ．一词多义
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills．”B
A．n．角色　B．n．性格　C．n．符号D．n．文字　E．n．特点
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris．D
A．adj．最优秀的　　　 B．adj．传统的
C．adj．典型的 D．adj．经典的
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I would appreciate it if you can accept our invitation and share your opinion．
如果您能接受我们的邀请并分享您的意见，我将不胜感激。
2．(2021·浙江卷1月写作)For your visit here, we have arranged a variety of activities．
为了您的来访，我们已安排各种各样的活动。
3．(2020·北京卷写作)Through such an unforgettable experience, I strongly believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job．
通过这样一个难忘的经历，我坚信，我们越意识到这句名言的意义，我们将在我们的日常学习和工作中得到越多的好处。
4．(2019·北京卷写作)I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you．Perhaps we can meet in Beijing．
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
5．(2018·北京卷写作)From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future, struggle for your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University．
从现在起，你应该为你的未来做准备，为你的梦想而奋斗，你就会获得北京语言大学的录取通知书。
6．(2018·天津卷写作)What I want to stress is that some new members are in demand in our group．
我想强调的是，我们队需要一些新成员。
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．As time goes by, I have changed my attitude (态度) and I even think she is lovely．
2．Despite (尽管) all these discouragements, she refused to give up．
3．What is the specific (具体的) aim since you are working so hard
4．There are two mainly different political parties playing an important part in the state affairs (公共事务) in this country．
5．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character (性格)．
6．I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary (词汇) is gradually building up．
7．In our daily life, we must struggle (斗争) against natural disasters．
8．She speaks not only her native (本国的) language, Chinese, but also English．
9．A list of symbols (符号) used on the map is given in the index．
10．First, science graduates are in greater demand (需求) than arts ones in China．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．One of the advantages is that we can find various (variety) topics, such as science, culture and history．
2．They have tried all means, which possibly are helpful, but unfortunately not a means has worked (work) so far．
3．Dating (date) back to 300 years ago，the stone house is well preserved．
4．Contact with other people is a basic (base) human need．
5．Don't you believe in equality (equal) between men and women
6．These drawings will form the basis (base) of the exhibition．
7．We appreciate participating (participate) in this activity, which has helped to build an emotional connection between the old and the young．
8．Tu Youyou is regarded (regard) as one of the most respectable scientists in China．
9．The plan which is related to the project is under discussion at the meeting．
10．We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond description (describe)．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)由于这些问题，我们希望在您方便的时候得到您的帮助。如果你愿意帮助我们，我将非常感激。(appreciate)
Due to these problems, we hope to get your help at your convenience．I would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to us．
2．希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。(be of＋n．)
Hopefully, these suggestions would be of great help to you．
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心地帮助我们。(have trouble with)
Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teacher always helps us patiently．
4．基于他们的研究，专家建议农民应该种各种各样的农作物，而不是仅靠大米为生。(过去分词短语作状语)
Based on their research, the experts suggest that farmers plant a variety of crops and not just depend on rice．
5．我们跟他相处的时间越长，他就会在我们中间越受欢迎。(the ＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...)
The longer we get along with him, the more popular with us he will be．
课时质量评价(六)
必修第一册　UNIT 5
主题语境：语言学习的规律、方法等
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·汕头模拟)While there are over 5，000 languages in the world, some experts estimate (估计) that many are on their way out．Statista, a data provider, compiled (编译) the results of the ongoing work of the Endangered Languages Project to create a map of endangered languages highlighting what regions of the world are most affected．
The Endangered Languages Project is an online platform administered by the University of Hawaii at Manoa that collects information on the world's languages, such as where each is spoken, the number of speakers left, what measures have been taken to preserve it, etc．For example, by perusing the Endangered Languages Project's website you can see that Irish Gaelic is an endangered language mostly spoken in Ireland and that consists of four different dialects; Irish Gaelic is spoken by 20，000 to 40，000 people worldwide．
Experts acknowledge that the rapid extinction of languages throughout the world is a fact that cannot be denied, but they also explain that it is very difficult to obtain exact numbers when it comes to languages and their extinction．This is because language information is outdated or limited, and it can be different in some cases to distinguish between languages and dialects．The Linguistic Society of America notes that some estimates state that 80 percent of the world's languages could be gone by the next century as languages like English, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Russian become even more of a majority．
On its website, the Endangered Languages Project also features an interactive map of endangered languages that's colour-coded according to each language's level of threat．Each language is represented by a coloured dot on the map, and clicking the dot will reveal the name of the language and its status．Clicking on the name of the language will lead you to a more detailed information card about the specific language．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏威夷大学管理的濒危语言项目。
1．What did Statista do for the Endangered Languages Project
A．Creating a platform to predict affected regions．
B．Figuring out the number of language extinction．
C．Evaluating the data of the endangered language．
D．Designing a map to show endangered languages．
D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Statista, a data provider, compiled(编译)the results of the ongoing work of the Endangered Languages Project to create a map of endangered languages highlighting what regions of the world are most affected．”可知，Statista为濒危语言项目设计一种显示濒危语言的地图。故选D。
2．What information can we get from the platform
A．The reason why Irish Gaelic died out．
B．The places where Irish Gaelic is spoken．
C．The people who are interested in learning Irish Gaelic．
D．The measures that will be taken to protect Irish Gaelic．
B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Endangered Languages Project is an online platform administered by the University of Hawaii at Manoa that collects information on the world's languages, such as where each is spoken, the number of speakers left, what measures have been taken to preserve it, etc．” 可知，我们能从平台上找到说爱尔兰盖尔语的地方。故选B。
3．Which of the following opinions does the experts agree with
A．It is hard to distinguish languages and dialects．
B．It is impossible to collect language information．
C．The popularity of the major languages will influence the language diversity．
D．The language which is outdated or limited will surely be extinct sooner or later．
C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Linguistic Society of America notes that some estimates state that 80 percent of the world's languages could be gone by the next century as languages like English, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Russian become even more of a majority．”可知，主要语言的普及会影响语言的多样性。故选C。
4．What is the feature of the Endangered Languages Project
A．It is complete and colourful．
B．It is interactive and informative．
C．It features a picture of coloured dots．
D．It features a map of extinct languages．
B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Endangered Languages Project is an online platform administered by the University of Hawaii at Manoa that collects information on the world's languages, such as where each is spoken, the number of speakers left, what measures have been taken to preserve it, etc．”和最后一段中的“On its website, the Endangered Languages Project also features an interactive map of endangered languages that's colour-coded according to each language's level of threat．”可推断出濒危语言项目的特点是信息丰富和互动性强。故选B。
Ⅱ．读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Overcoming Adversity
On the bus heading to the United States from Mexico, I experienced the saddest and longest ride I ever had．The thoughts of me not seeing my friends and family again were taking over my mind and causing a strong sense of depression．As I headed to a place I didn't want to call home, minutes felt like hours and the hours felt like days．
“Welcome to the United States，” the driver said at the immigration checkpoint．The officers repeatedly asked me for my passport, but I didn't understand a single word coming out of their mouths．After we sorted out all the confusion we were on our way．With 3 hours left, a new thought took over my mind: stupidity．Not being able to understand a new language was the cause of my feeling．This filled me with a burning rage that I had never felt before．
Not understanding the new language I was introduced to was always a problem that I struggled with alone．In school, I felt like the problems were growing rapidly and I was losing control．The transition from being a straight-A student in Mexico to being a straight F student in the United States wasn't easy and left me wondering if I could ever belong here．I was always known as the weird Mexican in the classroom．Making friends was always hard because no one wanted to hang out with the weirdo in the class．
I told myself that if I wanted to overcome my problem I had to practise it more．When it came to group assignments, I thought that it was the perfect moment to carry out my plan to hold a conversation with someone else．The moment arrived, I was nervous that it was my time to speak in the group．With a stutter(结巴), my first words came out of my mouth．“Hey, my name is Jensen，” I said with a strong Mexican accent．Everyone in the group burst out laughing and the cause of their joy was my strong Mexican accent．This made me want to crawl up into a little ball and start crying in front of everyone．
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Afterayearofhardworkandlongpracticescamemyfirstsuccessinreading．
Asimple “Heyhowareyou” couldbetheicebreakerbetweenpeople．
【参考范文】
Afterayearofhardworkandlongpracticescamemyfirstsuccessinreading．“We are going to do popcorn reading，” Mr Cerda said, with a loud voice．I sat there anxiously, part of me hoped he wouldn't call me, but part of me wanted to get the reading over with．Suddenly, I found myself reading the famous words of Dr Seuss, “You're off to great places．Today is your day! Your Mountain is waiting, so ... get on your way！” When I finished reading, all I heard was silence．My classmates were in shock, and I realised my words were as clear as they could be．
Asimple “Heyhowareyou” couldbetheicebreakerbetweenpeople．I was a shy kid and I grew up thinking that I was going to be friendless forever．However, I eventually discovered that making friends and meeting new people was actually pretty easy．Whatever the case may be, my grades and ability to speak improved．I participated in tutorials, science fairs, and even competitions for academics．All of this became possible when I found confidence in myself because of the inspirational words from Dr Seuss．

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