资源简介

专题强化练(三)　推理判断题——观点态度类
A
(2023·广州市高三调研测试)Our planet quakes thousands of times a year，but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' odd behaviors could warn us
Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre packed abnormal animal behaviors，but more were just anecdotes．Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.On October 13，1989，he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later，the Loma Prieta earthquake hit! But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.
Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection.California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment show
Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project.The project tracks many small animal species such as birds，bats，and turtles for the purpose of scientific research.One group of researchers are looking for possible connections between animal behaviors and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection，this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.
However，not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some “cool things”，but she knows animal behaviors are hard to pin down.“My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，”she says.“But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。人类无法准确预测地震，但是动物异常行为是否可以在某种程度上反映地震的发生呢？
1．What does the underlined word“anecdotes”mean in paragraph 2
A．Real life news stories.
B．Random individual studies.
C．Repeated scientific reports.
D．Unproved personal accounts.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but和下文Berkland的例子可知，虽有几百份异常动物行为报告，但很多都是未经证实的。
答案：D
2．Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community
A．He used unreliable data from newspaper ads.
B．His document wasn't consistent with his theory.
C．His study didn't include enough animal samples.
D．He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory...measure his accuracy rate”可知，他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。
答案：D
3．What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project
A．To provide accurate pre quake warnings.
B．To develop an app for people to call for help during quakes.
C．To seek worldwide cooperation in quake prediction.
D．To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety”可知，该项目的最终目标是提前预警地震，给人们足够多的时间到达安全地带。
答案：A
4．What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project
A．Disapproving.　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Intolerant. D．Unclear.
解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“However，not everyone is hopeful...hard to pin down”可知，Wendy Bohon认为动物的行为很难确定，故其对ICARUS项目持怀疑态度。
答案：B
B
(2023·汕头金中南校高三二模)SnotBot is on a mission.The toaster sized drone(无人机)flies over the open ocean，directly above an unusual whale.On a boat nearby，Andy Rogan smiles with joy.Rogan has been studying whales in his entire career but had never seen this species.
Back in 2011，Lian Pin Koh and Serge Wich，conservation experts，wondered if there might be an easier way to get data of animals in the wild.Wildlife researchers often walk through forests.They may look closely at whales from boats or stay in helicopters to view animals from above.Such trips are usually dangerous.Plus，their noise may scare animals.And helicopters can't fly very far over the ocean because there's nowhere to land or refuel.
“We thought，‘What if you fly over them with a flying camera？’”says Wich.So they put together a drone from a remote control model airplane and camera equipment.And it did the trick.On a test flight，the drone caught an image of an orangutan(猩猩)at the top of a very tall tree.The pair realized this was just the beginning of a whole new way of doing conservation work.
Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals.They call their project Conservation AI.When someone uploads an image or video，the model analyzes the data.Then the model recognizes anything it can.In the future，an AI model could keep watch，instead of forest guards.It could send warnings when seeing doubtful activities.
The team tested this idea in a study in East Africa.Volunteers in Tanzania pretended to be poachers(偷猎者)．The researchers made drones fly over the actors at different times of the day.Overall，people looking at the drone images did a better job than the AI model at finding pretend poachers.The model picked out many things that weren't people at all.But the model found poachers that most people missed.With a little more work，Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助保护濒危野生动物的事例。
5．What can we say about the researchers' traditional way of studying animals
A．It's risky and ineffective.
B．It's demanding and cheap.
C．It can cause great harm to wildlife.
D．It usually focuses on land animals.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Such trips are usually dangerous.Plus，their noise may scare animals.And helicopters can't fly very far over the ocean because there's nowhere to land or refuel.(这样的旅行通常是危险的。此外，它们的噪音可能会吓到动物。而且直升机不能在海洋上空飞得很远，因为没有地方可以降落或加油。)”可推断，研究人员研究动物的传统方法是有风险和效率低的。
答案：A
6．What can we infer about Conservation AI from the passage
A．It can replace conservationists' work.
B．It works by studying data first.
C．It can punish the poachers.
D．It is fully automated.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“They call their project Conservation AI.When someone uploads an image or video，the model analyzes the data.(他们把这个项目称为“人工智能保护”。当有人上传图片或视频时，这个模型就会分析数据。)”可推断，“人工智能保护”的工作原理是先研究数据。
答案：B
7．What is Wich's attitude to the future of the AI model
A．Critical. B．Hopeful
C．Worried. D．Prejudiced.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“With a little more work，Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals.(威奇认为，再多做一点工作，这样的系统将使环保主义者更容易更好地保护濒危动物。)”可推断，维奇对人工智能模型的未来态度是充满希望的。
答案：B
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Achievements in Wildlife Conservation
B．Major Discoveries of Biological Species
C．AI Study Has Achieved a Breakthrough
D．Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段“Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals.(现在威奇和他的同事正在开发一种可以自动定位和识别动物的人工智能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助保护濒危野生动物的事例。所以“Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife(飞行机器人保护濒危野生动物)”作为文章标题最为合适。
答案：D
C
[2023·石家庄市高中毕业年级质检(一)]Foods high in sugar are unhealthy，but these additives are too delicious for many of us to give up or reduce in a way.What if we could somehow enjoy their taste without actually eating them？A student team has now designed a spoon with a structure that stimulates taste buds(味蕾)to produce a sense of sweetness without adding calories or chemicals.The project follows previous work involving flavor enhancing cutlery like chopsticks that increase sweetness with a mild electric current.
The five undergraduate and graduate research students wanted to create a new spoon called Sugarware for people with such disorders as diabetes，with which sugar is largely off their menu.
The new spoon would have several bumps(凸块)on its underside to press against the tongue.The bumps can be covered with a permanent layer of molecules(分子)called ligands.These ligands bond with taste cell receptor proteins that typically react to sugar molecules or artificial sweeteners.The bond can activate nerve signals，causing the brain to register a sense of sweetness.A diner could thus stimulate sweetness receptors without actual intake of sugar or artificial sweeteners.
This idea is similar to the previous work in that they all use cutlery to enhance taste without a user having to actually consume any sugar.“But the mechanism for stimulating the taste buds is completely different，”Shiyu Xu，one of the student researchers，says.“It uses bumps and taste bud stimulating molecules rather than electricity.”
The idea is“very creative，”says Paola Almeida，who is the global director of corporate innovation at candy maker Mars.But the product's commercial success would require a significant behavioral shift among consumers: instead of adding the usual sugar or artificial sweeteners，“now we're saying，‘Use this cutlery’，”Almeida says.“It remains to be seen whether flavor enhancing cutlery will catch on.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。由本科生和研究生组成的五人小组研发了一种通过刺激味蕾可产生甜味的新勺子，其工作机制是用餐者可以在不摄入糖或人工甜味剂的情况下刺激甜味受体。
9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How the new invention works.
B．How a diner feel sweetness.
C．How ligands and proteins link.
D．How sugar molecules function.
解析：主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，此段主要介绍了Sugarware底部的凸块以及凸块的作用，即这种勺子的工作原理。
答案：A
10．In what way is the previous flavor enhancing cutlery different from Sugarware
A．It makes food more delicious.
B．It sends out signals to the brain.
C．It uses electricity to enhance taste.
D．It reduces users' food consumption.
解析：细节理解题。明题意：本题问“以前的调味餐具和Sugarware有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段的内容，尤其是该段中的“It uses bumps and taste bud stimulating molecules rather than electricity”可知，Sugarware使用凸块和刺激味蕾的分子，而以前的调味餐具使用电→定答案：由此可知，不同于Sugarware，以前的调味餐具使用电刺激味蕾。
答案：C
11．What is Paola Almeida's attitude to the future of Sugarware
A．Positive. B．Uncertain.
C．Critical. D．Worried.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Paola Almeida所说的话“It remains to be seen whether flavor enhancing cutlery will catch on”可知，Paola Almeida认为调味餐具是否会流行起来还有待观察，即她对这种勺子的未来持不确定的观点，故选B。
答案：B
12．What's the best title for the text
A．Struggling for Low Sugar？—Try This Spoon
B．Looking for Delicious Food？—This Is How
C．Working for Commercial Success？—Be Creative
D．Dieting for Better Health？—Mind Sweeteners
解析：主旨大题意。这篇文章主要介绍了一种新型调味勺子，可使用餐者在不摄入糖的情况下刺激甜味受体。A项“在为低糖挣扎？——试试这个勺子吧”点明文章主题，最适合作本文标题。
答案：A专题强化练(十八)　完形填空——夹叙夹议类
Test 1
(2023·广东普宁一中高三二模)Every year，in preparation for New Year's Day，my family holds Baking Day，a very important tradition to our family.It began years ago and is nearly __1__ as much as New Year's Day.
For our Baking Day __2__ we certainly bake pies and cookies，but the most __3__ dish we work on is my great grandma's L Noodles.She __4__ it“L Noodles”because she felt the vital ingredient(成分)was the __5__ that went into creating it.As a little girl I asked her for the __6__ and learned accordingly to make this dish other families rarely eat on New Year's Day.On Baking Day，together my family make L Noodles we'll __7__ beside other dishes，using kitchen items __8__ from my great grandma and telling her stories.I understand this isn't a __9__ New Year dish，but it means a lot to me—it's about __10__ and the special legacy(遗产).
__11__，my girls never met their great great grandma.But it's amazing to __12__ them to make L Noodles to pass down this legacy and make them __13__ of her life.I tell stories that my great grandma once __14__ me when I was a little girl to my girls most nights.They brighten up knowing I heard the same stories in childhood.And we experience the legacy of love in something as small and __15__ as that.
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者一家人每年为了准备元旦，都会举办烘焙日，尤其是做L面条，这对他们家来说是一个非常重要的传统。
1．A.acknowledged　　　　 　　 B．applauded
C．prized D．promoted
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它始于几年前，现在几乎和元旦一样被重视。acknowledged“承认”；applauded“鼓掌”；prized“珍视”；promoted“提升”。根据下文“as much as New Year's Day”可知，烘焙日和元旦一样被作者一家人重视。
答案：C
2．A.recreation B．routine
C．purpose D．challenge
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的烘焙日，我们当然会烤馅饼和饼干，但我们做的最有意义的食物是我曾祖母的L面条。recreation“反应”；routine“常规；惯例”；purpose“目的”；challenge“挑战”。根据下文“we certainly bake pies and cookies”可知，烤馅饼和饼干是他们在烘焙日经常做的事情。
答案：B
3．A.delicious B．common
C．meaningful D．popular
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。delicious“美味的”；common“常见的”；meaningful“有意义的”；popular“受欢迎的”。根据下文“She __4__ it‘L Noodles’because she felt the vital ingredient(成分)was the __5__ that went into creating it.”可知，做L面条是最有意义的事情。
答案：C
4．A.made B．appointed
C．supposed D．named
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把它命名为“L面条”，因为她觉得是爱这种至关重要的食材创造了它。made“做”；appointed“任命”；supposed“预料”；named“命名”。根据下文“it‘L Noodles’”可知，“L面条”是曾祖母命名的。
答案：D
5．A.life B．love
C．labor D．link
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第4题详解。life“生活”；love“爱”；labor“劳动”；link“联系”。根据下文“And we experience the legacy of love in something as small and __15__ as that.”可知，L面条里面是充满爱的。
答案：B
6．A.recipe B．permission
C．recommendation D．opportunity
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，我向她要了食谱，并相应地倾向于做这道其他家庭在元旦很少吃的菜。recipe“配方”；permission“允许”；recommendation“推荐”；opportunity“机会”。根据下文“learned accordingly to make this dish”可知，作者要来了L面条的食谱配方。
答案：A
7．A.prepare B．enjoy
C．expect D．serve
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在烘焙日，我的家人使用我曾祖母传下来的厨房用品，一起做L面条，将它和其他菜肴一起供人食用，并讲述她的故事。prepare“准备”；enjoy“享受”；expect“期待”；serve“服务；提供；端上(食物)”。根据下文“beside other dishes”可知，这里指为人们提供L面条和其他菜肴。
答案：D
8．A.handed down B．taken over
C．brought back D．got in
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第7题详解。handed down“传递”；taken over“承担”；brought back“带回来”；got in“进入”。根据下文“from my great grandma”可知，厨房用品是作者的曾祖母传下来的。
答案：A
9．A.unique B．proper
C．suitable D．typical
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不是一道典型的新年菜，但它对我来说意义重大——它关乎记忆和特殊的遗产。unique“独特的”；proper“恰当的”；suitable“合适的”；typical“典型的”。根据下文“but it means a lot to me”可知，作者的意思是，L面条不是一道典型的新年菜。
答案：D
10．A.feelings B．preferences
C．memories D．relationships
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。feelings“情感”；preferences“爱好”；memories“记忆”；relationships“关系”。根据下文“and the special legacy”可知，L面条在作者心中是传下来的东西，所以有很多回忆。
答案：C
11．A.Surprisingly B．Sadly
C．Undoubtedly D．Obviously
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人伤心的是，我的女儿们从未见过她们的曾曾祖母。Surprisingly“令人吃惊地”；Sadly“令人伤心地”；Undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”；Obviously“明显地”。根据下文“my girls never met their great great grandma.”可知，作者的女儿们从未见过她们的曾曾祖母，这是令人伤心的事情。
答案：B
12．A.convince B．encourage
C．coach D．allow
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但能指导她们制作L面条来传承这一遗产，让她们了解她的生活，真是令人惊喜。convince“使信服”；encourage“鼓励”；coach“训练；教”；allow“允许”。根据下文“them to make L Noodles”可知，作者是想把制作L面条的方法教给孩子们。
答案：C
13．A.aware B．proud
C．respectful D．certain
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。aware“有意识的”；proud“骄傲的”；respectful“恭敬的”；certain“肯定的”。根据上文“to __12__ them to make L Noodles to pass down this legacy and make them...”可知，作者这样做是为了让孩子们了解到她以前的生活，be aware of“知道”。
答案：A
14．A.sent B．handed
C．taught D．read
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数晚上，我都会给女儿们讲我小时候曾祖母给我讲过的故事。sent“送”；handed“递”；taught“教”；read“读”。根据上文“I tell stories that my great grandma once...”可知，作者是把她小时候曾祖母给她读过的故事再讲给她的女儿们听。
答案：D
15．A.simple B．appealing
C．peaceful D．extraordinary
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在如此微小而简单的事情中体验到了爱的遗产。simple“简单的”；appealing“有吸引力的”；peaceful“和平的”；extraordinary“卓越的”。根据下文“that”可知，这里指做L面条这样的小而且简单的事情。
答案：A
Test 2
(2023·福州高中毕业班质量检测)Once upon a time，my father and I got lost in a forest in France.I must have been about twelve or thirteen.Anyway，it was before the time when most people __1__ a mobile phone.It was in the Loire Valley.About half an hour later，my dad __2__ the truth.“Oh，it seems that we're lost.”We walked around and around in circles，trying to find the path，__3__ with no luck.I could tell my dad was starting to __4__，even if he was trying to hide it from me.We had been in the forest for hours then and we both knew my mum would be in a state of absolute __5__．At school，I had just been told the story of the hikers who had died in the wilderness and I found it easy to __6__ that would be our fate too.“If we keep going in a __7__ line，we'll get out of here，” my dad said.
And he was right.__8__ we heard the sounds of cars and __9__ a main road.We were eleven miles from the village where we had __10__，but at least we had signposts.And I often think of that strategy，when I am totally __11__—literally or metaphorically.I thought of it when I was in the middle of a __12__，and when my heart beat rapidly with __13__ and I didn't know how I could carry on living.Walking one foot in front of the other，in the same __14__，will always get you further than running around in circles.It's about the __15__ to keep walking forward.
【语篇解读】　作者年少时和父亲外出的时候，在法国的一片森林里迷了路。他们绕了很多圈，毫无进展。最后，父亲提议一路向前，他们终于走出了森林。这个策略也在作者以后的生活中发挥了很大的作用，并使作者深受启发：勇往直前，方能战胜困难。
1．A.owned B．borrowed
C．invented D．promoted
解析：根据上句“I must have been about twelve or thirteen”可知，当时作者只有十二三岁，还没有到大部分人可以拥有手机的时期。
答案：A
2．A.revealed B．realized
C．told D．faced
解析：根据作者父亲所说的话“Oh，it seems that we're lost”可知，大约半个小时后，父亲才意识到他们迷路了。
答案：B
3．A.all B．therefore
C．yet D．so
解析：结合语境可知，空前的“我们不停地绕圈，试图找到出去的路”和空后的“运气不佳”形成了转折。
答案：C
4.A.complain B．erupt
C．regret D．panic
解析：根据空后的“even if he was trying to hide it from me”可以推测，尽管父亲在试图掩饰，但是作者可以看出他已经开始慌了。erupt“喷发；爆发”。
答案：D
5．A.terror B．anger
C．disappointment D．loss
解析：根据本句中的“We had been in the forest for hours”和常识可知，他们已经在森林里迷路几个小时了，因此，他们都知道作者的母亲会很恐惧。
答案：A
6．A.decide B．announce
C．imagine D．clarify
解析：根据语境可知，作者在学校听过登山者在野外死亡的故事，因此，在森林里迷路几个小时之后，作者很容易会想到那也会是他们的命运。clarify“澄清，阐明”。
答案：C
7．A.simple B．short
C．straight D．similar
解析：结合下文中的描述以及结尾部分的“keep walking forward”可知，作者的父亲建议走直线。
答案：C
8．A.Regularly B．Eventually
C．Surprisingly D．Generally
解析：根据语境和空前的“he was right”可知，他们最终听到了车声，到达了大路。
答案：B
9．A.chose B．missed
C．followed D．reached
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：D
10．A.set off B．passed
C．called on D．lived
解析：根据上句中讲到的到达大路和下文中的“at least we had signposts”可以推测，路标可以指引他们到达出发(set off)的村庄。call on“探访”。
答案：A
11．A.lost B．sensitive
C．angry D．stuck
解析：根据语境可知，空前的“that strategy”指的是作者和父亲在迷路时用的策略，所以作者在迷路或迷惘的时候，经常会想起那个策略。
答案：A
12．A.term B．race
C．performance D．breakdown
解析：本句是对上一句的阐述，作者会在精神崩溃、因为害怕而心跳加速等时想起这个策略。
答案：D
13．A.excitement B．surprise
C．fear D．interest
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：C
14．A.way B．cycle
C．direction D．distance
解析：根据空后的“will always get you further than running around in circles”可知，一步一步地朝着相同的方向会让你走得更远。
答案：C
15．A.ambition B．determination
C．inspiration D．cooperation
解析：根据语境可知，无论你是真的迷路还是感到迷惘，都要有一路向前的决心。
答案：B
Test 3
[2023·石家庄高中毕业班教学质量检测(一)]A couple of years ago，I stepped off the subway in Upper Manhattan，worn out after a long and stressful day at work，__1__ about the warmth of my bed.I stopped in a grocery store on the way to my apartment to buy a bag of popcorn.
A man about three times my size __2__ in front of me at the cash register and turned toward me，telling me I looked __3__．I smiled uncomfortably and became noticeably more __4__，as a young woman does when a __5__ man starts talking to her at night.He turned toward the cashier and said that he was going to get my snack too.I politely declined his __6__ and was already pulling out my wallet，but this man wouldn't __7__ me to say no.He __8__ the cashier a couple of extra dollars to cover my popcorn and told me that he hoped my __9__ got better.He walked out of the __10__ and I never saw him again.
The world is full of love and __11__．But most of the time，it's so __12__ to get caught up in our own routine and everyday personal worries that we just don't remember to __13__ those around us.The man who __14__ for my popcorn has __15__ with me and inspired me to help others who look like they could need a hand.
【语篇解读】　几年前，作者下班后拖着疲惫的身躯去便利店买零食。在作者结账的时候，一名陌生的男子转向作者，说作者看起来有些疲惫。作者变得很警惕。之后，这名陌生男子执意要为作者付款，在祝作者晚上愉快之后，离开了便利店。作者被陌生人的善意打动，想要在以后将这份善意传递下去。
1．A.dreaming B．worrying
C．forgetting D．inquiring
解析：根据常识和上文中的“worn out after a long and stressful day at work”可知，作者忙碌一天下班后，梦想着自己温暖的床。
答案：A
2．A.hid B．stood
C．served D．shouted
解析：根据下文中的“at the cash register and turned toward me”和语境可知，这名男子是一个等待结账的顾客，他站在作者前面。
答案：B
3．A.embarrassed B．annoyed
C．excited D．tired
解析：结合上文中的“worn out after a long and stressful day at work”和语境可知，这名男子说作者看起来有些疲惫。
答案：D
4．A.ashamed B．curious
C．alarmed D．energetic
解析：根据常识可知，一名陌生男子在晚上和女士搭讪会让女士警惕，所以作者不由得警惕了起来。
答案：C
5．A.rude B．strange
C．considerate D．strong
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：B
6．A.invitation B．application
C．reward D．offer
解析：根据上文中的“said that he was going to get my snack too”可知，这名男子提议要为作者结账。
答案：D
7．A.allow B．remind
C．force D．convince
解析：结合下文中的“He __8__ the cashier a couple of extra dollars to cover my popcorn”可知，尽管作者已经在掏钱包，但是这名陌生的男子不允许作者拒绝，执意要帮作者结账。
答案：A
8．A.cast B．lent
C．handed D．spared
解析：根据常识可知，陌生男子递给了收银员额外的钞票帮作者结账。
答案：C
9．A.career B．health
C．stay D．night
解析：根据上文中的“worn out after a long and stressful day at work”可知，作者下班后拖着疲惫的身体去便利店，因此，陌生人祝作者晚上能过得更好点。
答案：D
10．A.company B．store
C．apartment D．station
解析：根据上文中的“I stopped in a grocery store on the way”可知，故事发生在便利店，陌生人帮作者结完账后，离开了便利店。
答案：B
11．A.kindness B．patience
C．strength D．respect
解析：根据作者的经历可以看出，世界上充满了爱和善意。
答案：A
12．A.relaxing B．embarrassing
C．easy D．critical
解析：结合作者的经历可知，绝大部分时间我们很容易被自己的杂事和个人担忧困扰，以至于忘记去了解身边的人。
答案：C
13．A.rely on B．wait on
C．knock into D．turne in to
解析：参见上题解析。turn into“理解，体谅”；wait on“服侍，等待”。
答案：D
14．A.charged B．hunted
C．paid D．fought
解析：根据上文中的“a couple of extra dollars to cover my popcorn”可知，陌生人帮作者支付了爆米花的钱。
答案：C
15．A.dealt B．stuck
C．debated D．agreed
解析：根据语境和常识可知，这名男子被作者铭记于心，他激励作者去帮助那些需要帮助的人。stick with“紧跟着某人”引申为“一直记得某人”。
答案：B专题强化练(十)　词句猜测题——词义猜测类
A
(2023·石家庄高三质检(二))Every holiday season，Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia.She gives them not to kids but to seniors.
Patricia's holiday tradition started in 2009.“I just got this idea of calling two nursing homes at random and asking if I could come and read books on New Year's day，”she said.She brought some of her kids' stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read.“But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home，nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals，” she added.It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.
Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving，so she put an ad online，asking for gently used stuffed animals.In her first two years of collecting，she received more than 11，000 donated stuffed animals.She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf，or a child who outgrew their toys would donate.After receiving too many，Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time，and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season.Then，she took them to nursing homes.
“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort，but also because they were conversation starters and reminded them of their childhood，”she said.And she recalled one man said，“You know，I never wanted to go to school.And my father said if I would go that day，he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo.And you know what？This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”
Spreading joy isn't just a holiday pastime for Patricia.She is also known as the “Happy Flower Lady”around Philadelphia，because she collects old flowers from stores and gives them to anyone who needs a pick me up.
“When you give，you really do get more back，”Patricia said.“Every morning，whether it's the flowers or the stuffed animals，I have a purpose.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Patricia Gallagher收集毛绒玩具或者花，送给老人或者需要提神的人。
1．Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009
A．To send gifts to the seniors.
B．To read stories to the elderly.
C．To get over her loneliness.
D．To get rid of her kids' toys.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Patricia Gallagher的话“I just got this idea of calling two nursing homes at random and asking if I could come and read books on New Year's day”可知，Patricia Gallagher有了个主意，想随便给两家养老院打电话，问问她能不能在新年那天去给老人们读书。由此可知，2009年Patricia去养老院的目的是给老人们读书。
答案：B
2．What does the underlined word“capping”in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Limiting.　　　　　 B．Recording.
C．Identifying. D．Doubling.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的内容“she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season”可知，在收到太多毛绒玩具后，Patricia开始限制每次收集的毛绒玩具的数量。故画线词的意思是“限制”，与A项意义一致。
答案：A
3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Seniors love good old days.
B．Cute animals have healing effects on seniors.
C．Giving makes seniors happy.
D．Stuffed animals have more than one function.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort，but also because they were conversation starters”可知，老年人想要毛绒玩具不仅是为了得到安慰，而且还因为它们能成为聊天的话题。由此可知，毛绒玩具有不止一种功能。
答案：D
4．What does Patricia think of her giving experiences
A．Rewarding. B．Entertaining.
C．Timely. D．Tough.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Patricia说的话“When you give，you really do get more back”可知，当付出的时候，真的会得到更多的回报。由此可知，Patricia认为她的捐赠经历是有意义的。故选A项。entertaining“有趣的”；timely“及时的”；tough“艰难的”。
答案：A
B
(2023·杭州市高三质检)A British woman，Dr.Mantri，growing up in India started to notice her son，Dhruv，was struggling with simple arithmetic when he was in fifth grade.After noticing this，she started employing an abacus(算盘)to help her son visually comprehend mathematics.
“I would ask him something like 35 minus 13 and he couldn't do it，”said Dhruv's mum Dr.Mantri.“I decided to change the way he looked at numbers，” she said.“An abacus is a tried and tested method，and the Egyptians used them for building the pyramid.” In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers，with even his classmates' parents reaching out for help.
She never thought she would teach her son using an abacus，which she used as a child in India and it was always helpful.Within six days she started to notice a difference and see results.So dramatic was the turnaround that school staff asked him to perform with the abacus at an assembly，where some parents even came to ask for advice on using it for their kids.
IT specialist Dr.Mantri said the humble abacus can be used for calculations into the trillions and kids enjoy learning on it because it's like a game.“ It becomes a playing tool for younger children，for it feels like a game.I think the success comes because children can touch and feel an abacus and visualize them，” she added.
By the age of 12，Dhruv was giving online cyber security seminars and is now pursuing a career in data science and analytics.Dhruv has now landed an apprenticeship(实习)at an international firm.During the four year apprenticeship，he will spend one day a week studying Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Glasgow Caledonian University.“He is so confident now and I am so proud，” she said，with Dhruv adding “I don't think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Mantri博士在儿子Dhruv上五年级时发现他数学很 差，她用算盘帮助儿子取得了很大的进步，现在Dhruv在学习数据科学和分析。
5．Why did Dhrnv have difficulty in learning mathematics
A．He was faced with language barrier.
B．He didn't find a proper way.
C．He suffered from eyesight problems.
D．He lacked academic support from the family.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I decided to change the way he looked at numbers”可知，Mantri博士决定改变儿子看待数字的方式。由此可以推断，Mantri博士的儿子学习数学的方法可能有问题，故B项正确。
答案：B
6．What does the underlined word“whizz”in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Careful.　　　　　　 B．Diligent.
C．Outstanding. D．Struggling.
解析：词句猜测题。明题意：本题问“第二段中画线词‘whizz’是什么意思？”→寻线索：根据画线词所在句中的“In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus...with even his classmates' parents reaching out for help”可知，Mantri博士的儿子在6天内就用算盘取得了进步，他的同班同学的家长都开始来寻求帮助→定答案：由此可以推断，Mantri博士的儿子在数学上成了一个出色的孩子，故C项与画线词的意思最为接近。
答案：C
7．Why do kids like learning on abacus according to the text
A．They find it appealing.
B．They can calculate faster.
C．They enjoy playing games.
D．They are eager for success.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“kids enjoy learning on it because it's like a game”和“It becomes a playing tool for younger children，for it feels like a game”可知，孩子们喜欢用算盘学习是因为他们把算盘看作一种玩具，一种游戏，故C项正确。appealing“吸引人的”。
答案：C
8. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Dhruv was addicted to the Internet at 12.
B．Dhruv is teaching data science and analytics now.
C．Dhruv is a full time student at Glasgow Caledonian University.
D．Dhruv's career choice was beyond his teachers' expectations.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I don't think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time”可以推断，Dhruv的职业选择可能超出了老师们的预期，故D项正确。
答案：D
C
(2023·南京市盐城市高三二模)In southeastern Brazil，local fishers walk into dark waters in search of mullet(鲻鱼)．On their own，it would be tricky to find the silvery fish.But the humans get help from an unusual partner：wild bottlenose dolphins.
With nets in hand，the fishers patiently wait as their cetacean(鲸类的)partners drive the fish toward the shore.A signal from the dolphins—usually a deep dive—indicates when they should cast their nets.This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations，lasting for more than a century.
While researchers knew humans profited from this pairing，they couldn't confirm whether it benefited the dolphins.Now，in a new study in ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences，researchers suggest cetaceans that hunt with humans have more chances to live than those that don't.
“Human wildlife cooperation in general is a rare phenomenon at a global scale，”says Mauricio Cantor，a biologist at Oregon State University and leader of the study.“Usually humans gain the benefit，and nature pays the cost.But this interaction has been happening for over 150 years.”
Fishers were more successful when they worked with the dolphins.When dolphins were present，the fishers were 17 times more likely to catch prey(猎物)and netted nearly four times more mullet when they timed their casting with the cetaceans' signals.Eighty six percent of all 4，955 mullet caught during the study period came from“synchronous(同时发生的)interactions”—when the allies organized their actions perfectly with one another.
The study also revealed dolphins hunting with humans had a 13 percent increase in the survival rate over other dolphins.These cooperative dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore，reducing their chance of entanglement(缠住)in illegal fishing equipment.Besides，the dolphins can take some fish directly from the fishers' harvest.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在巴西东南部，当地渔民和不寻常的伙伴——野生宽吻海豚合作捕鱼，这种习惯代代相传。这种合作带来的影响是渔民捕捉到猎物的可能性是原来的17倍，同时海豚的生存机会也增加了，这揭示了一种罕见的、独特的人与海豚和谐共处的共生关系。
9．What do the first two paragraphs talk about concerning Brazilian fishers
A．They trick dolphins into fishing for them.
B．They harvest more fish with dolphins' help.
C．They have been training dolphins over a century.
D．They cast the fishing nets when dolphins surface.
解析：细节理解题。明题意：本题问“关于巴西渔民前两段说了什么？”→寻线索：根据第一段内容可知，渔民们自己捕鱼比较困难，但他们得到了海豚的帮助。再根据第二段中的“A signal from the dolphins...lasting for more than a century”可知，海豚会发出捕猎信号，暗示渔民何时撒网→定答案：由此可知，前两段主要讲述了渔民们在海豚的帮助下，捕捉到了更多的鱼。
答案：B
10．What does Mauricio Cantor's research show
A．Nature favors human beings at a huge cost.
B．Fishers benefit from cooperating with cetaceans.
C．Human wildlife interactions are a new global trend.
D．Dolphins working with man have a higher survival rate.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now，in a new study...have more chances to live than those that don't”和第六段首句可知，Mauricio Cantor的研究表明了与人类一起捕猎的海豚比那些不和人类合作捕猎的海豚存活率高。
答案：D
11．What does the underlined word“allies”refer to in Paragraph 5
A．Prey.　　　　　　 B．Mullet.
C．Partners. D．Researchers.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Fishers were more successful when they worked with the dolphins”“Eighty six percent of all...‘synchronous(同时发生的)interactions’”可知，渔民和海豚合作捕猎，效果更成功。在捕获的鱼中，86%的收获是和海豚们完美配合实现的。故此处表示渔民和海豚是盟友关系，画线词与C项意思最相近。
答案：C
12．What's the author's main purpose in writing the text
A．To appeal for the protection of sea creatures.
B．To show a unique human dolphin relationship.
C．To applaud for development in fishing research.
D．To encourage fishers to better draw on dolphins.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段以及最后一段内容可知，文章介绍了渔民和海豚合作捕猎的传统现象。人类在海豚的帮助下收获更多鱼，而海豚也通过合作提高了生存几率。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是展示一种有着悠久历史的人与海豚相互依赖、相互帮助的独特合作关系。
答案：B专题强化练(十二)　词句猜测题——句意理解类
A
[2023·重庆市高中学业质量调研抽测(二)]Going against the tide of flocking(蜂拥)to well known yet generally jam packed tourist destinations on vacation，a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser known resorts to seek unique，relaxing holiday experiences.Reverse Tourism has emerged as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
Besides crowds，some vacationers chose less traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations，which often require pricey tickets，meals and hotel stays.“Tourism used to be about sightseeing.Now it is about experiences，”said Dai Bin，president of the China Tourism Academy.He said popular tourist spots are always packed and often raise their prices during holidays.As people become more mature travelers，they are increasingly unwilling to followtheherd．Some of them are simply looking to take a rest somewhere quiet for a couple of days，which is a good way to vacation.
In addition，lesser known attractions are not as “commercial”and“standardized”as developed ones and are able to offer more genuine experiences and natural encounters，according to social media posts.And unlike popular destinations，some under explored places with little online exposure can offer more surprises.Besides，as precautionary measures continue，traveling has an unpredictable quality.A traveler has no way of knowing what lies ahead before departure，be it a perfect holiday or one interrupted by a sudden outbreak.
“The rise of Reverse Tourism is not a bad thing，”said an opinion piece in ZhengzhouDaily.It means that vacationers now have more options，which brings more possibilities to the tourism market，the article explains.More importantly，the trend is set to force popular destinations to improve themselves instead of resting on their achievements，it notes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“逆向旅行”的现象和造成此现象的原因。
1．What is the feature of Reverse Tourism according to the passage
A．Popular destinations often raise their prices during holidays.
B．Less traveled places offer relaxing holiday experiences.
C．Popular destinations are not welcomed by people nowadays.
D．Less traveled places are increasingly valued among young people.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，在中国，越来越多的度假者倾向于把闲暇时间花在不太知名的度假胜地，以寻求独特、轻松的度假体验，这与人们在度假时蜂拥前往知名但普遍拥挤的旅游目的地的潮流相反。“逆向旅游”已成为中国年轻度假者中流行的一种新趋势。由此可知，“逆向旅游”的特点是游客较少的地方越来越受到年轻人的重视。
答案：D
2．What does the underlined expression“follow the herd”mean in Paragraph 2
A．Do just what most people do.
B．Be particular about vacations.
C．Behave like the best visitors.
D．Seek unique travel experiences.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Some of them are simply looking...to vacation”可知，他们中的一些人只是想找个安静的地方休息几天，这是一个很好的度假方式。由此可知，画线短语所在句的意思是“随着人们变为更成熟的旅行者，他们越来越不愿意随波逐流”。故画线短语的意思应是“跟随大多数人的做法”。
答案：A
3．Why do people choose lesser known attractions based on social media posts
A．To create surprises on their own.
B．To explore the original beauty.
C．To promote the local tourism.
D．To escape the uncertainty in life.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“In addition，lesser known attractions...according to social media posts”可知，据一些社交媒体的帖子所说，不太知名的景点不像成熟景点那样“商业化”和“标准化”，能够提供更多真实的体验和自然的邂逅。由此可知，人们根据社交媒体上的帖子选择不太知名的景点为的是探索景点的原始美。
答案：B
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The promising future of Chinese tourism.
B．The challenges popular tourist spots are facing.
C．The way to explore the lesser known attractions.
D．The reason why people prefer Reverse Tourism.
解析：主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，文章介绍了“逆向旅行”的现象，并重点分析了造成此现象的原因。
答案：D
B
(2023·深圳市高三第一次调研)From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife，in MyFamilyandOtherAnimals，English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell's laugh out loud tales of his unusual family.This book，Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction，“was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history，but in the first few pages，Imadethemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.”
Durrell，later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife，was just a child during his family's five year stay in Corfu.He is the 10 year old Gerry in the book—curious，passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family：his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions，lovestruck sister Margo，sporty brother Leslie and his ever calm，loving mother.
Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so attractive，with every sight，sound and smell of the island brought to life.One minute you'll be laughing as Larry's clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil yellow cottage，and the next minute you'll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea：“Lying on my back in the silky water，staring at the sky，only moving my hands and feet slightly，I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it.”
MyFamilyandOtherAnimals is quite difficult to classify，being one part travel，one part autobiography，one part natural history，and one part comedy，with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read，it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要向读者推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的作品《我的家人和其他动物》，并介绍了其内容、写作风格等。
5．Which word best describes Durrell's life in Corfu
A．Risky.　　　　　 B．Busy.
C．Tough. D．Diverse.
解析：推理判断题。明题意：本题问“以下哪个词最好地描述了Durrell在科孚岛的生活？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的“From cottages surrounded...filled with wildlife”可知，书中记录了被花园包围的小屋、沙滩、充满野生生物的树林深处→定答案：据此可以推断，Durrell在科孚岛的生活丰富多彩。
答案：D
6．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2
A．I introduced my family by mistake.
B．I shouldn't have introduced my family.
C．I couldn't help introducing my family.
D．I gave wrong information about my family.
解析：词句猜测题。结合画线句前面的“was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history”可知，Durrell的原计划是记录自然历史，实际情况却是写了家人；根据画线句前面的“Durrell wrote humorously”可知，画线句的意思并非其字面意思。因此，Durrell在前面几页描写家人应是故意而为之，故C项与画线句的意义最为接近。
答案：C
7．What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A．The book's writing feature.
B．Durrell's rich imagination.
C．Some interesting plots of the book.
D．Some vivid descriptions of the island.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book...One minute you'll be laughing...the next minute...Durrell describes swimming”和第五段中的“being one part travel，one part autobiography，one part natural history，and one part comedy，with a thread of descriptive language”可知，第四、五段主要讲的是这本书的写作特点。
答案：A
8．What is the purpose of this text
A．To share an experience.
B．To recommend a book.
C．To introduce a writing style.
D．To describe an unusual place.
解析：推理判断题。根据本文内容，尤其是最后一段“As a real delight to read...tough road in life”可知，本文的写作目的在于向读者推荐《我的家人和其他动物》这本书。
答案：B
C
The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949，I was a nine year old war refugee，who had lost the mother and was coming to live with the father I did not know.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High School.Shortly after I arrived，I was told to select a hobby to pursue during“club hours”．Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosensetomyimmigrantears，but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class.She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd，the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt and pepper hair and determined eyes，Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones.She drilled us in grammar，assigned stories for us to read and discuss，and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper.Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war torn homeland，making me proud of my origins.Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language.Owing to her inspiration，during my next twenty five years，I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62.By then，she had taught for a total of 41 years.Even after her retirement，she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential.The students were mainly from the most troubled homes，yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love，until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing.But for Miss Hurd，I wouldn't have become a reporter.She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的老师Marjorie Hurd对他的人生道路产生了重要影响。作者通过她了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得自己对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国刮目相看；也通过她了解了英语的逻辑与结构；同时多亏了她的鼓励，作者成了一名专业记者。
9．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B．The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C．Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D．The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were about.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线部分后的“but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class”这一意义上的转折可推知，作者对那些兴趣小组和俱乐部并不了解，因此就跟着班里最漂亮的女生做了选择，故D项正确。
答案：D
10．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently
A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B．Being exposed to Greek literary works.
C．His mother's death.
D．Following the prettiest girl in his class.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war torn homeland，making me proud of my origins.”可知，Hurd老师对希腊文学财富的介绍让作者对自己饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，并为它感到自豪，故B项正确。
答案：B
11．It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ________．
A．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
B．Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation
C．students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style
D．the students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The students were...until the spark caught fire.”可知，Hurd老师用她独特的严厉的爱来“吓”和“吸引住”学生，直到他们“潜质的火花”成为“火”，故可推知A项正确。
答案：A
12．What is the text mainly about
A．How the author became a journalist.
B．The importance of inspiration in one's life.
C．The teacher who shaped the author's life.
D．Factors contributing to a successful career.
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.”和最后一段中的“But for Miss Hurd，I wouldn't have become a reporter.”可知，本文主要介绍了一位对作者影响深远的老师。
答案：C专题强化练(十九)　完形填空——说明文、议论文类
Test 1
(2023·武汉高中毕业班调研考试)Like most people，I have to work for a living.We have a bank loan，and other __1__ we have to pay.But I certainly don't have a 9 5 __2__．I decided long ago that I could not __3__ fixed working hours for a big company and that I certainly wasn't suitable to __4__ in an office day in and day out.I work __5__ as a writer，garden designer，and sustainability consultant.For many days I work long hours，but I have a lot of __6__ and control over everything.I have found my __7__ —what I really want to do.
But I fully appreciate that most people are not in such a __8__ position and some of them have no choice but to __9__ the work they do not like.Therefore，many people feel __10__ in their jobs even when they are not really stuck at all.Finding sustainable solutions and a better quality of life means __11__ long and hard about what you really want to do，and how you can __12__ that goal.
Working for yourself is beneficial on __13__ levels：you save time，you save money，and you can potentially __14__ your carbon footprint.Consider this：Management consultancy firm WSP found working from __15__ can help reduce your carbon footprint in the summer months.
【语篇解读】　文章通过作者的自身经历讲述了一个自由职业者的内心感受，阐明了自由职业的诸多好处。
1．A.wages　　　　　　　　 B．rents
C．bills D．fines
解析：根据空前的“I have to work for a living.We have a bank loan”再结合常识可知，作者生活不易，有银行贷款和其他账单需要支付，故选C。wage“工资”；rent“租金”；bill“账单”；fine“罚款”。
答案：C
2．A.habit B．job
C．workout D．trip
解析：由下文内容可知，作者是自由职业者，没有一份朝九晚五的工作，故选B。workout“锻炼”。
答案：B
3．A.arrange B．resist
C．avoid D．bear
解析：根据后文可知，此处应指作者很久以前就决定自己不能忍受大公司固定的工作时间，故选D。arrange“安排”；resist“抵抗”；avoid“避免”；bear“忍受”。
答案：D
4．A.arrive B．compete
C．sit D．communicate
解析：根据语境可知，此处是指作者不适合日复一日地坐在办公室里，故选C。arrive“到达”；compete“竞争”；communicate“交流”。
答案：C
5．A.dully B．occasionally
C．cooperatively D．independently
解析：析语境：下文的“For many days I work long hours...control over everything”指的是作者工作时间很长，但有很大的灵活性，可以控制一切→做判断：结合常识可推知，此处应表示作者是独立工作的作家、花园设计师和可持续发展顾问→定答案：independently“独立地”，故选D。dully“呆滞地”；occasionally“偶尔”；cooperatively“合作地”。
答案：D
6．A.judgement B．flexibility
C．burden D．doubt
解析：根据空后的“and control over everything”可知，此处表示作者的工作有很大的灵活性，可以掌控一切，故选B。judgement“判断力”；flexibility“灵活性”；burden“负担”；doubt“怀疑”。
答案：B
7．A.routine B．style
C．pressure D．passion
解析：根据破折号后面的“what I really want to do”可知，此处指作者找到了自己的激情所在，故选D。routine“常规”；style“风格”；pressure“压力”；passion“激情”。
答案：D
8．A.fortunate B．promising
C．profitable D．permanent
解析：根据后面的“and some of them have no choice but to __9__ the work they do not like”可知，作者意指多数人不像自己那么幸运，故选A。fortunate“幸运的”；promising“有前途的”；profitable“获利的”；permanent“永久的”。
答案：A
9．A.submit to B．leave out
C．make for D．depart from
解析：根据语境可知，他们中的一些人别无选择，只能屈服于他们不喜欢的工作，故选A。submit to“屈服于”；leave out“忽略”；make for“前往”；depart from“离开”。
答案：A
10．A.interested B．relaxed
C．engaged D．trapped
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“许多人觉得自己被工作困住了，即使他们实际上根本没有被困住”。故选D项。engaged“忙碌的”；trapped“受困的”。
答案：D
11．A.complaining B．thinking
C．worrying D．arguing
解析：根据句意可知，此处表示找到可持续的解决方案和更好的生活质量意味着要长期认真地思考你真正想做的事情以及你如何能够实现那个目标，故选B。complain“抱怨”；argue“争论”。
答案：B
12．A.reach B．ignore
C．discover D．switch
解析：参见上题解析。reach“实现”；ignore“忽视”；discover“发现”；switch“转换”。
答案：A
13.A.special B．multiple
C．high D．spiritual
解析：根据后文可知，此处指为自己工作有很多好处，故选B。multiple“多种多样的”；spiritual“精神的”。
答案：B
14.A.decrease B．record
C．calculate D．increase
解析：根据下文中的“can help reduce your carbon footprint”可知，此处指你可以减少你的碳足迹，故选A。decrease“减少”；record“记录”；calculate“计算”；increase“增加”。
答案：A
15．A.nothing B．reality
C．home D．office
解析：根据后面的“can help reduce your carbon footprint”并结合常识可知，该处指在家办公有助于减少夏季的碳足迹，故选C。work from home“在家上班”。
答案：C
Test 2
(2023·广州高三年级调研测试)In Botswana，the cattle are fed on the grasslands surrounding the banks of the Okavango River.This area is full of __1__，including hungry lions and other big cats which often rely on surprise to approach quietly and __2__ their prey(猎物)．
Farm animal __3__ can be economically disastrous for these often poor farmers，and their killings to fight back is a major __4__ of population decline in large cats.
But what if there was a __5__ thing farmers could do to __6__ their losses？The idea was that painting eyes on the backsides of cows can __7__ lions into thinking they've been seen by their would be prey.And once seen，these cats often __8__ the hunt.
This visionary solution was __9__ by nature.A number of animal species have __10__ eyespots that prevent their __11__ enemies from hunting them—some frogs' backsides haveeyespots，as do the back ends of some fish.
Probably the most famous __12__ is butterflies.They have eyespots in their wings，and these discourage hunters such as birds from attacking them.
Even humans are __13__ by images like eyespots：One study found that thieves are less likely to steal bikes when an image of __14__ eyes is displayed nearby.
Through the four year long trial，researchers found that not one of the hundreds of cows with eyes on their backsides was __15__ by a hunter.
【语篇解读】　受蝴蝶翅膀上眼状斑纹和青蛙屁股上眼点等的启发，为保护奶牛免受狮子等大型猫科动物袭击，农场主们在奶牛的屁股上画上眼睛。研究表明，这种方法操作简单，并取得了良好的效果。
1．A.grass　 B．wildlife
C．resources D．wonders
解析：根据空后的“including hungry lions and other big cats”可知，该空表示的事物包括饥饿的狮子和其他大型猫科动物；据此可知，这片地区满是野生动物。
答案：B
2．A.set B．bring
C．drive D．catch
解析：结合该句中的“which often rely on surprise to approach quietly”及常识可知，这些大型猫科动物会悄悄地靠近然后逮住猎物。set“安排”；bring“带来”；drive“赶走”；catch“逮住，捕捉”。
答案：D
3．A.losses B．shortages
C．products D．diseases
解析：根据首段尾句可知，这些猛兽会先悄悄地靠近猎物再猎杀；又结合该句中的“be economically disastrous”可知，牲畜的损失会给农场主们带来经济灾难。
答案：A
4．A.cause B．effect
C．part D．problem
解析：根据该句中的“of population decline in large cats”可知，农场主们为了还击而猎杀是大型猫科动物数量下降的一个主要原因。
答案：A
5．A.silly B．complex
C．simple D．cruel
解析：根据下句中的“The idea was that...their would be prey”可知，这一想法是在奶牛屁股上画上眼睛；又结合该句语境可知，此处表示一件农场主能做的以减少他们的损失的简单事情。
答案：C
6．A.double B．cut
C．balance D．cover
解析：参见上题解析。cut“削减，减少”。
答案：B
7．A.trick B．talk
C．force D．frighten
解析：根据该句中的“painting eyes on the backsides of cows”和“thinking they've been seen”可知，在奶牛屁股上画上眼睛能诱使狮子以为它们已经被发现。trick sb into doing sth为固定搭配，意为“诱使某人做某事”。
答案：A
8．A.join B．continue
C．restart D．abandon
解析：根据上句可知，在奶牛屁股上画上眼睛能诱使狮子以为它们已经被发现。又结合常识可知，一旦被发现，这些猫科动物经常会放弃捕猎。
答案：D
9．A.supported B．challenged
C．inspired D．created
解析：根据下句中的“some frogs' backsides...of some fish”可知，一些青蛙和鱼的屁股上有眼点；据此可知，这个有远见的解决办法是受大自然的启发。
答案：C
10．A.painted B．carved
C．discovered D．developed
解析：根据该句中的“some frogs' backsides...of some fish”可知，一些青蛙和鱼的屁股上有眼点；据此可知，许多动物物种进化了眼点。
答案：D
11．A.angry B．deadly
C．lonely D．greedy
解析：根据该句中的“from hunting them”可知，这些眼点阻止了它们的死敌猎杀它们。deadly“致命的”。
答案：B
12．A.solution B．study
C．example D．marking
解析：根据该句中“butterflies”可知，该处以蝴蝶为例说明动物身上眼点的作用；据此可知，该处指“最著名的例子”。
答案：C
13．A.annoyed B．puzzled
B．influenced D．attracted
解析：根据空后内容可知，当附近有警惕的眼睛的图像时，小偷不大可能偷自行车；据此可知，人类也受类似眼点的图像的影响。
答案：C
14．A.doubtful B．thoughtful
C．fearful D．watchful
解析：参见上题解析。watchful“警惕的”。
答案：D
15．A.attacked B．found
C．recognized D．scared
解析：根据该句中的“by a hunter”可知，研究人员发现，在数百头屁股上有眼睛的奶牛中，没有一头受到猎兽的攻击。attack“攻击”。
答案：A
Test 3
(2023·沈阳重点高中联合体高三联考)On that day I was leaving for my holiday when I heard a familiar sound of the ferryman urging people to hurry and be on board.As it always was，I was among the late ones(I am still struggling to be on time)．In the end，I __1__ to board the boat and the journey began.After a few days，I was from __2__ heading back to work on a small beautiful island.While I was on my holidays，things weren't going as well as I had __3__．I didn't feel excited and was in __4__ spirits.I sat in a corner of the boat and cuddled up(依偎)against my __5__ close to me.In my mind I just wanted to be __6__ and I didn't want anyone to talk to me because I never wanted to take it out on anyone.
__7__ in thought，I stared up at the sky and the scene I saw caught my attention.I looked with great care and noticed how a certain part of clouds __8__a thumb up pattern.It was laid so __9__ that I couldn't help but smile.Seeing that thumb up pattern was like a breath of fresh air.It reminded me that everything was going to be __10__，and that I had to breathe it in and take it one day at a time.
So，life isn't always perfect.Things happen __11__．At times it gets all messy __12__ at times it feels like you have it all.We should learn to take it all in，stop for a while and __13__ what we have regardless of how small or big it may seem.Remember to smile and __14__ at the sky，or you will never know what cloud pattern may __15__your day!
【语篇解读】　旅行时，作者情绪低落，偶然抬头看天空，发现一朵云形成了一个大拇指向上的图案。作者微笑起来，意识到生活并不总是那么完美，我们要学会欣赏自己所拥有的一切。
1．A.managed B．appeared
C．intended D．agreed
解析：根据上句中的“struggling to”并结合该句中的“the journey began”可知，我设法登上了船，旅程开始了。manage to do sth.“设法(做成某事)”。
答案：A
2．A.office B．market
C．hospital D．holiday
解析：根据文章第一句中的“for my holiday”并结合该句中的“After a few days”“heading back to work”可知，数天后，我度假结束，准备去一座美丽的小岛上工作。
答案：D
3．A.rejected B．recorded
C．explained D．thought
解析：根据下句中的“I didn't feel excited”可知，我并没有感到激动；结合该句中的“things weren't going as well”可以判断，事情的发展并不如我想象的那样顺利。thought“认为，想象，试想”。
答案：D
4．A.low B．high
C．short D．wide
解析：根据该句中的“I didn't feel excited”可知，我并没有感到激动；据此可知，我感到“情绪低落”。in low spirits“情绪低落”。
答案：A
5．A.relative B．backpack
C．colleague D．friend
解析：根据语境并结合“旅行带背包”这一常识可以推知，我坐在船的一个角落里，依偎着离我很近的背包。
答案：B
6．A.satisfied B．thrilled
C．alone D．awake
解析：根据该句中的“I didn't want anyone to talk to me”可知，我不想跟任何人说话，据此可知，我想独自一人。alone“单独，独自”。
答案：C
7．A.Lost B．Dropped
C．Kept D．Exposed
解析：根据语境和该句中的“in thought”可知，此处表示我抬头凝视着天空，陷入了沉思。lost in thought“陷入沉思”。
答案：A
8．A.transformed B．withdrew
C．formed D．blew
解析：根据该句中的“a certain part of clouds”和“a thumb up pattern”可知，我非常仔细地观察，注意到云的某一部分是如何形成一个大拇指向上的图案的。form“(使)形成，(使)出现”。
答案：C
9．A.uglily B．heavily
C．perfectly D．freely
解析：根据该句中的“I couldn't help but smile”可知，我禁不住笑了，据此可知，图案形成得非常完美。perfectly“完美地”。
答案：C
10．A.exciting B．alright
C．familiar D．flexible
解析：根据空前的“Seeing that thumb up pattern was like a breath of fresh air”可知，看到大拇指向上的图案就像呼吸了一股新鲜空气，据此可知，这让我意识到一切都将没事的。
答案：B
11．A.successfully B．eventually
C．unexpectedly D．quickly
解析：根据上句中的“life isn't always perfect”可知，生活并非总是完美的；据此可知，事物有时发生并非如我们所料。unexpectedly“出乎意料地，意外地”。
答案：C
12．A.while B．unless
C．since D．before
解析：有时事情变得一团糟，而有时你会感觉拥有了一切。根据句意可知，空处前后表对比，故用while“(对比两件事物)……而”。
答案：A
13．A.research B．challenge
C．appreciate D．match
解析：根据前文描述的我欣赏云的变化并结合该句中的“We should learn to take it all in，stop for a while”可知，我们应当学会接受一切，停下来一会儿，欣赏我们所拥有的。appreciate“欣赏”。
答案：C
14．A.turn up B．look up
C．make up D．cheer up
解析：根据该句中的“at the sky”并结合常识可知，应是“记住要抬头望天空”。B项意为“向上看”，故B项正确。turn up“(意外地或终于)出现”；make up“编造”；cheer up“振奋起来”。
答案：B
15．A.ruin B．spend
C．brighten D．seize
解析：根据该句中的“Remember to smile”并结合我看云的经历可知，记得笑着抬头看天，否则你永远不会知道什么样的云朵图案会使你一天心情愉快！brighten“(使)增添乐趣，有希望”。
答案：C专题强化练(十六)　阅读七选五——段尾句类
Test 1
(2023·云南第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测)A bunch of pretty flowers will usually make a friend smile.We know flowers cannot last，but surely there are ways to keep some of their beauty.__1__
You can press either whole flowers or single petals(花瓣)．This depends on what type of flowers you use.First，divide the flower into petals.Then，line each petal with paper and put petals between the pages of books.The liners between the pages will dry up the petals.The texture(质地)of the paper used for drying will change the look of the petals.For instance，if you use a rough paper towel，its pattern will transfer to the petals.__2__
Keep the books in a warm，dry place.The petals should be dry enough for use after two weeks.They will feel much like paper.You are now ready to make a design.It is best to start by making an outline with a pencil.__3__ Using a nonacid white glue will help the picture last longer.
The rest of the process is up to you.__4__ You can make your design different and special.You can either use whole petals or tear them into various shapes.Some flowers are so fragile that they need careful handling.Choose the colors you like.You can create a picture like an actual flower garden，or whatever you prefer.When the work is done，frame it.These framed pictures make great gifts.But you may want to keep them for yourself.
__5__ Practice the art of fleurage.It is a wonderful way to keep the beauty of flowers.This type of flowers can last forever.And they never need water!
A．Then，glue the petals in the outlined space.
B．It's a good chance for you to personalize your work.
C．Outlining the design is the last step of this art.
D．And“fleurage” ，or the art of pressing flowers，is one of them.
E．A soft facial tissue will create a more natural look.
F．It is a good idea to hang your work away from the sun.
G．The next time you receive a bunch of flowers，don't throw them away.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何通过干花艺术来保存花束。
1．解析：分析语境找线索：该空位于第一段结尾，空前说花不能保存长久但肯定有办法让它们保持美丽；第二段第一句话说你可以压整朵花或单个花瓣→对比选项找答案：由此可知，空处在文中起着承上启下的作用。对比各选项可知，D项符合语境，该选项中的“them”指的是上句话中的“ways”，且该选项中的pressing与第二段第一句话中的press一致，两处均构成词汇意义上的衔接。
答案：D
2．解析：此题与上题一样，均可用词汇意义上的衔接法做题。空前一句说如果你使用粗糙的纸巾，它的图案会转移到花瓣上。E项中的“A soft facial tissue”与空前的“a rough paper”构成词汇意义上的对比。
答案：E
3．解析：此段讲述压花的过程，首先把书放在温暖干燥的地方，两周后花瓣应该足够干燥可以使用；然后开始设计，最好先用铅笔画一个轮廓。A项中的“the outlined space”与空前的“an outline”构成词汇意义的衔接。句意：最好先用铅笔画一个轮廓，然后把花瓣粘在勾勒的空间里。
答案：A
4．解析：空前一句说其余的过程取决于你，空后一句说你可以让你的设计与众不同，由此可知，B项“这是让你的作品个性化的好机会”符合语境，该选项中的“personalize your work”与空后的“make your design different and special”意义一致。
答案：B
5．解析：空后说练习压花的艺术是一种保持花的美丽的好方法，压花永远开不谢，而且它们从来不需要浇水。故G项“下次你收到一束花时，不要把它们扔掉”符合语境，与后文衔接。
答案：G
Test 2
(2023·石家庄高三教学质检)Food waste has become a severe problem across the world due to a lack of understanding of how to effectively use food and conserve it.Roughly one third of the food produced globally is either lost or wasted every year.__1__
Stop Food Waste Day is an international day of action in the fight against food waste.It started in 2017 by Compass Group，one of the world's largest food service companies serving restaurants，cafes，hospitals，schools，and more.__2__ On this day，Compass country teams will work together to raise awareness of the critical food waste problem and inspire change.
Stop Food Waste Day aims to educate people about their food waste.__3__ Stop Food Waste Day hopes to change the way leftovers are used，so people can take the most significant advantage of what food they use.The Compass Group focuses the efforts on its mission by teaching their chefs how to track and reduce waste as much as possible.They also seek to donate more than 250，000 pounds of food each year to local food banks.
__4__ Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce.Before shopping for food，plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you'll use.__5__
Get into the habit of freezing leftovers，instead of throwing them in the rubbish bin.Besides，help teach people about the benefits of stopping food waste.
A．It brings about 30 countries together.
B．Now it's your turn to take action.
C．Food waste，however，can be stopped.
D．Help schedule cooking demonstrations and share recipes.
E． More importantly，it offers creative and impactful solutions.
F．Compass Group promised to reduce food waste by 30% by 2025.
G．Also avoid wasting food by seeing what needs to be used up before you go shopping.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“Stop Food Waste Day”的创立和其宗旨，并提出了一些阻止食物浪费的方法。
1．解析：空前一句讲到食物浪费现象严重，下文则讲到Stop Food Waste Day的创立及一些阻止食物浪费的方法，由此可见，食物浪费是可以阻止的，故C项“然而，食物浪费是可以阻止的”符合语境。
答案：C
2．解析：分析语境寻线索：空前一句讲到Stop Food Waste Day是由Compass Group创立的，空后则讲到“Compass country teams will work together”，因此，空处承上启下，应该会讲到其最初创立时候的一些情况→对比选项定答案：A项“它把大约30个国家团结在了一起”符合语境。
答案：A
3．解析：空前一句讲到“Stop Food Waste Day旨在教育人们了解食物浪费”，E项“更重要的是，它提供了富有创意的和有影响力的解决方案”承接上文，并且能引出下文中讲到的“改变人们利用剩饭的方式”，故E项符合语境。
答案：E
4．解析：本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“Show your support...plan ahead”可知，本段主要讲到了为阻止食物浪费，人们可以利用的方法，故B项“现在该你采取行动了”适合作本段的主旨句。
答案：B
5．解析：结合本段的主旨句可知，本段主要讲到阻止食物浪费可以利用的方法，G项“在购物前先看看需要用完的东西避免浪费食物”也是具体方法之一，且“Also”也可以与上文形成并列关系，故G项符合语境。
答案：G
Test 3
(2023·广东潮州高考二模)My heart went out to the drama teacher I read about in a recent news item.Each parent from her class insisted that she cast their own child as Snow White.This reminded me of my seventh grade musical—“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.”I desperately wanted to play the role of Becky，the female lead who was Tom's girlfriend.__1__
For starters，Becky had to sing numerous solos，and I couldn't carry a tune in a bucket.I also didn't have long blonde curls like pretty Linda Wright who won the part.
I was assigned the non singing role of Miss Watson，the Maid.I had to wear an ugly dress.And I had only one line to learn，“That's what I say.”__2__ Miss Watson was onstage in quite a few scenes，and got to repeat “That's what I say”throughout the play.
At last，our production was put onstage.Imagine my surprise when Miss Watson made the audience laugh out loud each time I piped in with “That's what I say.”I hadn't known that she—or I—could be funny，or that her character was important in moving the plot along.__3__
That night，I began to understand that being the star may not be any more fun than being a stand out in a supporting role.Each person，onstage and backstage，is essential in theater.Without everyone doing their part，the play would be dull as dirt.__4__ If everyone is a star then nothing gets done.It's all noise and chaos.
And so I believe all children should get the opportunity to play Miss Watson，to become someone they didn't know they wanted to be.__5__
A．So it is in life.
B．It was not to be.
C．It was anything but a great part.
D．My Miss Watson turned out to be a hit.
E．It took the entire cast to make a good show.
F．There was an advantage，in my opinion，though.
G．I would hope all children could be a hit in life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇叙议结合的文章。作者通过小时候一次戏剧表演中成功扮演了一个小角色的经历告诉我们生活中每个孩子都有机会取得成功。
1．解析：根据空格前的句子“I desperately wanted to play the role of Becky，the female lead who was Tom's girlfriend.(我非常想扮演贝基这个角色，她是汤姆的女朋友)”可知，作者非常想扮演贝基这个角色，但是根据空格后的句子“For starters，Becky had to sing numerous solos，and I couldn't carry a tune in a bucket.I also didn't have long blonde curls like pretty Linda Wright who won the part.(首先，贝基要唱很多次独唱，而我却不会唱歌。我也没有像赢得这个角色的漂亮的琳达·赖特那样有长长的金色卷发)”可知，因为作者自身的条件，她演贝基这个角色是不可能的。由空格前后的内容可知，空格处的句子是一个承上启下的句子，所以B项“It was not to be.(这是不可能的)”符合题意。
答案：B
2．解析：根据空格前的句子“I had on line to learn.(我需要记住一下)”和下文“Miss Watson was onstage in quite a few scenes，and got to repeat‘That's what I say’throughout the play. (沃森小姐在舞台上有好几场戏，在整个剧中都要重复‘我就是这么说的’)”可知，作者虽然扮演的是小角色，但是，作者认为对她来说是好事，因为她只需要说一句台词“那就是我说的”。所以F项“There was an advantage，in my opinion，though.(不过，在我看来，这还是有好处的)”符合题意。
答案：F
3．解析：根据空格前的句子“Imagine my surprise when Miss Watson made the audience laugh out loud each time I piped in with “That's what I say.”I hadn't known that she—or I—could be funny，or that her character was important in moving the plot along.(想象一下，每当我插嘴说‘我就是这么说的’时，沃森小姐都能让观众哄堂大笑，我有多惊讶。我不知道她——或者我——可以很有趣，也不知道她的这个角色在推进剧情中很重要)”可知，作者扮演的沃森小姐很受欢迎、很成功。所以D项“My Miss Watson turned out to be a hit.(我的沃森小姐很受欢迎)”符合题意。
答案：D
4．解析：由空格前的句子“Each person，onstage and backstage，is essential in theater.Without everyone doing their part，the play would be dull as dirt.(在戏剧中，台上和后台的每个人都是必不可少的。如果没有每个人都各司其职，这出戏就会枯燥乏味)”可知，作者认为在戏剧中，台上和后台的每个人都是必不可少的。而根据空格后的句子“If everyone is a star then nothing gets done.It's all noise and chaos.(如果每个人都是明星，那么什么都做不了。到处都是噪音和混乱)”可知，作者把演戏和生活联系在一起，生活中也不可能人人都是明星。所以，空格处的句子应该是一个承上启下的句子，A项“So it is in life.(在生活中也是如此)”符合题意。
答案：A
5．解析：由第四段的句子“Imagine my surprise when Miss Watson made the audience laugh out loud each time I piped in with‘That's what I say.’I hadn't known that she—or I—could be funny，or that her character was important in moving the plot along.(想象一下，每当我插嘴说‘我就是这么说的’时，沃森小姐都能让观众哄堂大笑，我有多惊讶。我不知道她——或者我——可以很有趣，也不知道她的这个角色在推进剧情中很重要)”可知，作者扮演的沃森小姐很受欢迎、很成功。再由空格前的句子“And so I believe all children should get the opportunity to play Miss Watson，to become someone they didn't know they wanted to be.(所以我认为所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演沃森小姐，成为一个他们不知道自己想成为的人)”可知，作者认为所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演沃森小姐，也就是说所有的孩子都有机会成功。所以G项“I would hope all children could be a hit in life.(我希望所有的孩子都能在生活中成功)”符合题意。
答案：G
Test 4
(2023·深圳高三第二次调研考试)Have you noticed how evenings cool off more in rural areas than they do in cities？Urban areas also tend to get hotter during the day than any nearby areas with lots of greenery.__1__
It's mainly caused by the difference in materials that cover the ground in urban areas and the countryside.In the country，evaporation(蒸发)of water from soil and the leaves of plants helps to cool the air.__2__ Having fewer plants，cities have less evaporation and are unable to cool down the temperature.
Dark colours are another problem.Dark objects absorb all wavelengths of light，making the temperature increase more noticeably.In contrast，white objects reflect all wavelengths of light energy.__3__ Sadly，most parts of cities are covered by asphalt(沥青)，steel，roofs and bricks which are often dark in colour.
__4__ As people drive cars，heat buildings，and run air conditioners，cities are generating waste heat and puring it into the atmosphere directly.The waste heat adds to the solar energy trapped by the tall buildings.
But cities don't have to be so hot.Some cities have lightened their streets.This is done by covering black asphalt streets，parking lots，and dark roofs with a more reflective gray coating.__5__
Having more green spaces also helps.Plants serve as a natural air conditioner.They catch heat，release vapour(蒸汽)into the air，and take away heat，contributing to cooler，fresher cities.
A．Cities also produce more heat than suburban areas.
B．The higher the temperature，the shorter the wavelength.
C．This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island effect.
D．So it will not be transformed into heat which makes the air hot.
E．Changes in building materials have a minimal effect on city temperatures.
F．Much of the soil in cities，by contrast，has been covered with roads and buildings.
G．These changes can decrease air temperatures dramatically，especially in summer.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了热岛效应。
1．解析：段末句，考查段落结论句。根据上文“Have you noticed how evenings cool off more in rural areas than they do in cities？Urban areas also tend to get hotter during the day than any nearby areas with lots of greenery.(你有没有注意到，农村的夜晚比城市凉爽得多？城市地区在白天也往往比附近有很多绿色植物的地区更热。)”可知，本文是一篇介绍热岛效应的科普文。首段的行文逻辑为从现象到结论，从而引出热岛效应这一地理名词。所以，C项“This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island effect.(这种现象被称为城市热岛效应。)”符合题意。
答案：C
2．解析：段中句，考查转折性过渡句。F选项“Much of the soil in cities，by contrast，has been covered with roads and buildings.(相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已经被道路和建筑物覆盖。)”中的“城市的土地被道路和建筑覆盖”与前一句“evaporation of water from soil and the leaves of plants helps to cool the air.(土壤和植物叶子中的水分蒸发有助于冷却到空气中)”形成转折关系。这两句回应第二段主题句“It's mainly caused by the difference in materials that cover the ground in urban areas and the countryside.(这主要是由于城市和农村覆盖地面的材料不同造成的。)”
答案：F
3．解析：段中句，考查结论性过渡句。空前句子“In contrast，white objects reflect all wavelengths of light energy”(相反，白色物体反射所有波长的光能)和D选项“So it will not be transformed into heat which makes the air hot.(所以它不会转化为使空气变热的热量。)”形成因果关系。即，白色物品会反射所有波长的光，因此能量不会被转换成热量，从而让空气变热。
答案：D
4．解析：段首句，考查段落主题句。A选项“Cities also produce more heat than suburban areas.(城市也比郊区产生更多的热量。)”中的“produce more heat(产生更多的热量)”与空处下一句“As people drive cars，heat buildings，and run air conditioners，cities are generating waste heat and puring it into the atmosphere directly.(随着人们开车、给建筑物供暖和使用空调，城市正在产生废热，并将其直接排放到大气中。)”中的“generate waste heat(产生废热)”形成对应关系。开车，供暖或是开空调都是产生热量的行为。
答案：A
5．解析：段末句，考查递进逻辑关系。本段的讨论内容为解决热岛效应的方法。G选项中的“these changes(这些变化)”对应了选项前面一句的方法，即“covering black asphalt streets，parking lots，and dark roofs with a more reflective gray coating.”(覆盖黑色沥青街道、停车场和深色屋顶的反光性更强的灰色涂层)。同时，G选项“ These changes can decrease air temperatures dramatically，especially in summer.(这些变化会使气温急剧下降，尤其是在夏天。)”进一步解释了这些举措所能带来的好处，与前文形成递进关系。
答案：G专题强化练(十七)　完形填空——记叙文类
Test 1
[2023·广东普招全国统一考试模拟(一)]In many ways，Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11 year old，lively and chatty，yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference.Last month，she __1__ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What __2__ Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water.“The idea didn't __3__ to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests.The test strips may show inaccurate results，which weren't very __4__，”she recalled，She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and__5__ found that carbon nanotube(纳米管)sensors can be used to sense chemicals.Gitanjali __6__ to build a small blue housing using the 3 D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside.A free app，which Gitanjali designed under __7__ from her computer science teacher，gives instant __8__ and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn't always __9__，though.Kathleen Shafer，a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer，__10__ along the way.In the award ceremony，Gitanjali also __11__ her parents with constant support and __12__ to try“crazy ideas”．Gitanjali received $25，000 to further develop her program along with the great __13__ of winning the contest.According to Shafer，who __14__ Gitanjali，“She shows a lot of motivation to solve __15__ issues through science.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。年仅11岁的女孩Gitanjali Rao在父母和老师的支持和帮助下成功开发了一款可以测试水中化学物质的应用程序，因此获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。
1．A.earned　　　　 　　 　　　 B．designed
C．offered D．made
解析：根据上文的“her scientific spirit makes a huge difference”并结合空后的“the top prize”可知，此处表示她赢得了最高奖项，故选A。
答案：A
2．A.exposed B．improved
C．defined D．inspired
解析：根据下文的“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water.”以及“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，Gitanjali的灵感来自她所在的城市因水中含铅量过高而面临水危机，故选D。expose“暴露”；improve“提高”；define“明确”；inspire“赋予灵感”。
答案：D
3．A.stick B．belong
C．occur D．apply
解析：此处表示直到女孩看到父母尽力做水测试，她才有了这个想法。occur to sb.“(主意或想法突然)浮现于某人头脑 中，使某人突然想到”，故选C。stick to“坚持”；belong to“属于”；apply to“申请，(对……)适用”。
答案：C
4．A.simple B．reliable
C．predictable D．creative
解析：根据上文的“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，故选B，表示试纸不可靠。simple“简单的”；reliable“可信赖的，可靠的”；predictable“可预料的，可预见的”；creative“有创造力的”。
答案：B
5．A.initially B．immediately
C．temporarily D．eventually
解析：句中的searched for和found表示两个顺承的动作，此处表示她随后继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质，故选D。initially“起初”；immediately“即刻，马上”；temporarily“暂时地，临时地”；eventually“终于，最终”。
答案：D
6．A.managed B．promised
C．pretended D．happened
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示她利用学校的3D打印机，成功地用电脑芯片和电池建造了一个蓝色的外壳，故选A。manage“完成(困难的事)”；promise“许诺，保证，答应”；pretend“假装，装作”。
答案：A
7．A.observation B．command
C．instruction D．control
解析：根据空后的“from her computer science teacher”可知，她在计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一款免费的应用程序，故选C。observation“观察，注意，监视”；command“命令，指挥”；instruction“指导，指示”；control“控制”。
答案：C
8．A.access B．results
C．decisions D．approval
解析：根据空后的“sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.”可知，该应用程序可以即时显示结果并通过连接的设备将数据发送到与之相连的手机上，故选B。access“进入权，入口”；result“结果”；decision“决定”；approval“批准，认可”。
答案：B
9．A.optional B．complete
C．continuous D．smooth
解析：根据空后的though可知，此处表示她设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺，故选D。optional“可选择的，非强制的”；complete“完全的，彻底的”；continuous“持续的，不间断的，连续的”；smooth“平滑的，顺利的”。
答案：D
10．A.changed B．risked
C．helped D．followed
解析：既然设计过程不是一帆风顺，所以她的科学家导师在这个过程中都在帮助她，故选C。
答案：C
11．A.stressed B．credited
C．impressed D．provided
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示在颁奖典礼上，她也认为是父母的功劳，他们一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”，故选B。stress“强调”；credit“归功于”；impress“使留下深刻印象”；provide“提供”。
答案：B
12．A.encouragement B．request
C．struggle D．pressure
解析：句中的support与该空为并列关系。根据上文并结合常识可知，此处表示她也认为是父母的功劳，他们一直支持和鼓励她去尝试，故选A。encouragement“鼓励，鼓舞”；request“要求，请求”；struggle“奋斗”；pressure“压力”。
答案：A
13．A.fortune B．intention
C．honor D．potential
解析：她所获得的25，000美元一方面是为了进一步开发她的应用程序，另一方面也作为她赢得此次比赛的巨大荣誉，故选C。fortune“大笔的钱，巨款”；intention“打算，意图，目的”；honor“荣幸，荣誉”；potential“潜力，可能性”。
答案：C
14．A.keeps up with B．gets along with
C．takes care of D．speaks highly of
解析：根据Shafer所说的话“She shows a lot of motivation to solve __15__ issues through science.”可知，Shafer对Gitanjali高度评价，故选D。keep up with“跟上”；get along with“与……相处融洽”；take care of“照看，照料”；speak highly of“对……高度评价”。
答案：D
15．A.commercial B．practical
C．academic D．systematic
解析：Gitanjali通过努力开发了一款应用程序，极大地提高了做水质测试的准确率，表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的巨大动力，故选B。commercial“商业的”；practical“实践的，实际的”；academic“学术的”；systematic“系统化的，有条理的”。
答案：B
Test 2
(2023·深圳高三第一次调研考试)Natalie and Callie，both 13 years old，started raising monarch butterflies(黑脉金斑蝶)for fun in 2020.But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species，their __1__ soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had __2__ since the early 1990s，due to habitat __3__ and widespread use of chemicals，which made the milkweeds monarch butterflies __4__ for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden __5__ for the monarch butterflies.The garden grew organic milkweeds that __6__ and kept the butterflies.To help __7__ the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly's population，they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town，but it __8__ a lot.To cover the expense，they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their __9__ milkweeds for people to plant.Although the fundraising days were __10__，they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people's support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their __11__ of taking care of these butterflies，but they are not __12__ with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of __13__ to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony，their teacher Brian __14__，“I am so proud of them for their constant __15__．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当她们了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。她们与一个全国性的非营利性团体合作种植有机马利筋草来吸引和培育黑脉金斑蝶，举办黑脉金斑蝶展览以培养人们对这种蝴蝶的保护意识，筹款在镇里搭建黑脉金斑蝶教育牌等。她们的举动得到了老师的肯定。
1．A.dream B．hobby
C．career D．decision
解析：根据上文中的“started raising monarch butterflies for fun”可知，Natalie和Callie之前养黑脉金斑蝶只是一种业余爱好(hobby)。career“职业”；decision“决定”。
答案：B
2．A.doubled B．aged
C．declined D．exploded
解析：根据上文中的“monarch butterflies were an endangered species”可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在下降(declined)。double“(使)加倍”；age“(使)变老，(使)苍老”；explode“爆炸，激增”。
答案：C
3．A.management B．assessment
C．selection D．destruction
解析：根据语境可知，此处讲的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。根据空后的“widespread use of chemicals”和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏(destruction)。management“经营，管理”；assessment“评估，评定”；selection“选择，挑选，选拔”。
答案：D
4．A.relied on B．kept off
C．broke down D．gave away
解析：根据空后的“their main diet dangerous to eat”可知，黑脉金斑蝶依赖(relied on)马利筋草作为其主要食物。keep off“与……保持距离，使不碰到”；break down“分解，出故障，失败”；give away“赠送，丧失(优势)，泄露”。
答案：A
5．A.partly B．secretly
C．rarely D．specially
解析：根据下文中的“grew organic milkweeds”可知，两个女孩联合国家级非营利性团体在当地种了一个专门(specially)针对黑脉金斑蝶的花园。partly“在一定程度上”；rarely“罕有，很少，不常”。
答案：D
6．A.attracted B．protected
C．monitored D．trapped
解析：析语境：上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物。结合上文中的“grew organic milkweeds”可知，她们在花园里种植了有机马利筋草→做推断：有机的马利筋草可以吸引(attracted)黑脉金斑蝶→定答案：故选A项。monitor“监视，检查，跟踪调查”；trap“使陷入困境”。
答案：A
7．A.employ B．educate
C．force D．limit
解析：根据语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教育(educate)当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ“雇用，使用，运用”；force“强迫”；limit“限制，限量”。
答案：B
8．A.meant B．cost
C．changed D．hurt
解析：根据下文中的“To cover the expense”和“the fundraising”可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费(cost)较大。
答案：B
9．A.dry B．medical
C．healthy D．wild
解析：此处呼应上文中的“organic milkweeds”，因此这些马利筋草是健康的(healthy)。wild“野生的”。
答案：C
10．A.pleasing B．light
C．long D．disappointing
解析：根据下文中的“they finally succeeded in earning enough money”可以推断，筹款活动尽管花费的时间有点儿长(long)，但效果还不错。pleasing“令人高兴的，令人满意的”；disappointing“令人失望的，令人扫兴的”。
答案：C
11．A.project B．concept
C．schedule D．assignment
解析：根据语境和上文中的“a serious mission”可知，此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目(project)。concept“概念，观念”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；assignment“(分派的)工作，任务”。
答案：A
12．A.concerned B．connected
C．finished D．occupied
解析：根据下文中的“Our next step is to cut down on the use”可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束(finished)。concerned“担心的，忧虑的”；connected“有关联的”；occupied“忙于”。
答案：C
13．A.chemicals B．time
C．funds D．energy
解析：根据上文中的“widespread use of chemicals”和下文中的“guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies”可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品(chemicals)的使用，以确保黑脉金斑蝶的环境安全。fund“基金，专款”。
答案：A
14．A.quoted B．continued
C．replied D．commented
解析：根据下文中的“I am so proud of them for their constant __15__”可知，这是老师对她们的评论(commented)。quote“引用，引述”。
答案：D
15．A.donations B．support
C．patience D．efforts
解析：根据全文可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力(efforts)，老师也为此而感到骄傲。donation“捐赠物，捐赠，赠送”。
答案：D
Test 3
(2023·广州高三年级调研测试)The train had been long delayed.Running out of __1__，Andy put down his book and looked out.He found the __2__ at once：It was raining hard.
He lay down and fell asleep but was soon woken up by a woman.She handed him his bag and __3__ that it had slipped to the floor.He gratefully took it back and opened it，__4__ to see his mother's scarf and some sandwiches inside.
Andy's thoughts drifted(飘)to when he was __5__．His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in.“If it rains，it may get cold.”He remembered feeling __6__ and had taken it out.But it was still here.
__7__，Andy realized he was burning with fever.Feeling helpless，he called his mum.“Take a __8__．I have put in medicine，just __9__，”she suggested.Touched by his mother's __10__ he took the medicine and soon fell deep asleep in the __11__ of the scarf.
Andy woke up later feeling much better.Then he noticed the woman，who'd __12__ him earlier，__13__ holding a baby in her arms，both shaking.Their clothes did little against the cold wind.
Without thinking twice，Andy wrapped his mother's scarf around the baby.To his __14__，the child soon fell asleep in the love of not one，but two __15__．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在途中偶然打开包裹，发现了母亲为自己准备好的围巾。作者突然发觉自己正在发烧并向母亲求助，结果发现出发前母亲给自己准备好了药。作者被母亲的爱深深触动。
1．A.luck B．patience
C．time D．energy
解析：根据下文中的“Andy put down his book and looked out”可以推测，火车晚点很久，作者等得不耐烦，失去了耐心。patience“耐心，忍耐力”。
答案：B
2．A.train B．truth
C．cause D．notice
解析：根据下文中的“It was raining hard”可以推测，作者发现了火车晚点的原因(cause)。
答案：C
3．A.insisted B．explained
C．apologized D．admitted
解析：根据语境可知，作者被一位女士叫醒，她递给作者一个包，并解释包掉在地上了。insist“坚持”，explain“解释”，apologize“道歉”，admit“承认”。
答案：B
4．A.surprised B．ready
C．thankful D．expecting
解析：根据下文中“He remembered feeling __6__ and had taken it out.But it was still here.”可以推测，作者将母亲准备的围巾从包中取出来了，但事实上围巾仍在包里，由此可知作者打开包看到围巾时应是惊讶的。
答案：A
5．A.checking B．leaving
C．planning D．packing
解析：析语境：根据语境可知，作者母亲坚持让作者将围巾带上，因为如果下雨，天气会冷→做推断：再结合常识可知，事情发生在作者打包行李时→定答案：check“检查”，leave“离开”，plan“计划”，pack“收拾(行李)”，故选D项。
答案：D
6．A.hurt B．annoyed
C．ashamed D．puzzled
解析：根据下文中的“had taken it out”可知，作者感觉很烦，并且将围巾取了出来。hurt“受伤的”，annoyed“生气的，烦恼”，ashamed“惭愧”，puzzled“困惑的，迷惑不解的”。
答案：B
7．A.Lately B．Finally
C．Suddenly D．Instantly
解析：根据语境和下文中的“And realized he was burning with fever”可知，作者突然间意识到自己在发烧。lately“最近”，finally“终于”，suddenly“突然”，instantly“立刻，马上”。
答案：C
8．A.look B．pill
C．rest D．sandwich
解析：根据语境可知，母亲以防万一在包裹中提前放了一些药，此处是母亲让作者吃一片药。
答案：B
9．A.for safety B．on purpose
C．in case D．by accident
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：C
10．A.calmness B．confidence
C．comfort D．care
解析：根据上文故事可知，作者被母亲无微不至的关心感动了。
答案：D
11．A.warmth B．memory
C．smell D．touch
解析：析语境：根据语境可知，外面在下大雨→做推断：下雨天，作者发着烧，戴着母亲准备的温暖的围巾睡着了→定答案：warmth“温暖”，memory“记忆力”，smell“气味”，touch“触觉”，故选A项。
答案：A
12．A.helped B．pleased
C．disturbed D．greeted
解析：根据语境可知，作者注意到的这个女士是之前帮助(helped)作者捡包的女士。
答案：A
13．A.comfortably B．safely
C．gently D．tightly
解析：根据语境“holding a baby in her arms，both shaking.Their clothes did little against the cold wind”可知，这个女士紧紧抱着婴儿，他们俩都冻得瑟瑟发抖。tightly“紧紧地，牢固地”。
答案：D
14．A.relief B．amazement
C．mind D．advantage
解析：根据语境可知，用围巾包裹住婴儿后，婴儿睡着了，这令作者感到甚是宽慰。relief“宽慰，安心”，amazement“吃惊”，mind“头脑”，advantage“优势”。
答案：A
15．A.arms B．scarfs
C．passengers D．mothers
解析：根据上文可知，围巾是作者母亲的爱，婴儿裹着围巾在自己母亲的怀抱中睡着，应是在两个母亲的爱中入睡了。
答案：D

展开更多......

收起↑