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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第6讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式
【复习目标】
1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语
2.动词不定式的时态和语态
3. 不定式的特殊用法
4.不定式符号to的省略
5.跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳
6.练透近年中考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目，感悟高考命题规律和特点，实现高效备考。
【考情分析】
从近三年中考卷可以看出，对非谓语动词中不定式的考查是必考点，主要是考查非谓语动词作补语、定语和目的状语以及不定式作形式主语。考查的都是不定式的基本用法，但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。因此，2024年中考备考要掌握不定式相关用法，熟悉动词不定式常用搭配。
名词题型命题规律
【网络构建】
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
构成：（to）+动词原形
动词不定
在句中的作用（主、宾、表、宾补、定、状）
非
谓 构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能
动词不定式的结构
动词不定时的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。
肯定式：to + 动词原形
It’s nice to meet you.
(2)否定式：not to + 动词原形
He told me not to leave this room
(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)
动词不定式的句法功能
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play —He likes to play basketball. 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）。I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂
如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 26589.htm" \t "_blank )有：
要求选择同意计划(ask, choose, agree, plan)，
期望决定答应学会(expect, decide,promise, learn)，
宁可拒绝假装安排(prefer, refuse, pretend, arrange)，
希望想要愿意(wish/hope, want/need, would like / love)等。
eg：We decided to talk to some students.
eg：He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
3.不定式作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
要求允许建议(ask, allow, advise)
期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)
教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)
等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
help后的to可带可不带。
eg：My mother often tells me not to play computer games.
注意：有些使役动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 719638.htm" \t "_blank )和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时动词不定式要省略to。
四看(see, watch, look at, notice )、三使(make, let, have)、两听(hear, listen to)、一感觉(feel)
　但在被动语态中，to要还原：
　I saw him cross the road. →　He was seen to cross the road.
4.不定式作定语
①动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 141.htm" \t "_blank )后。 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
He was the first to come to the classroom.
②不定式为不及物动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 231422.htm" \t "_blank )时，或其修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作发生的地点、工具等，要在不定式后加适当的介词。注意：当不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，习惯省略介词。
eg：I need some paper to write on.
eg：My grandfather had no place to live (in) when he was a child.
表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词 ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个 别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
What she likes is watching/to watch children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is to become a good teacher.
我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：
（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。
（2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。
All you need to do now is complete the form.
你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
The only thing to do now is go on.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
不定式作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
　①目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。
　　A group of young people came here to(in order to) discuss this question.
　②原因状语：“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m glad to see you.
　③结果状语：“too...to”太...而不能...，“adj./adv. + enough to...”...足以...
　　Paul is too excited to say anything. 　He is bold enough to go to school.
　④独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：
　 To be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
　　To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.
(7)疑问词+不定式
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语等。
　　I don’t know what to do next.
　　Where to go is not decided yet.
The problem is where to find the child.
【例题讲解】
1.How kind you are! You always do what you can ______ (help) others.
2.My parents often tell me ______ (eat) too much junk food because it’s bad for my health.
3.—Why are you so excited today
—We were told ______ (have) a picnic this weekend.
4.—Why is Linlin practising speaking English
— ______ (go) abroad for further study.
5.Students should learn how ______ (solve) problem.
考向二 动词不定式的特殊用法
不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。
Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
考向二 跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳
跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳：（加强记忆）
①动词：agree to do同意去做；
afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；
fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；
refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do=want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；
prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；
used to do sth. 过去常做某事
②句型.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be excited/glad/happy/sorry/ frightened/amazed/surprised to do sth.
be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. / It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… ==not… enough to do （常考）
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……（常考）
something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西 Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易
take turns to do sth. 轮流做……
There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事
have something/nothing to do with sb 与......有关/无关
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Can I help you, sir
—I’d like to have someone ________ this letter.
A．e-mailed B．to e-mail C．e-mailing D．e-mail
2．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）The naughty boys were made ________ their maths homework the next day.
A．handing up B．hand out C．to hand in D．to handing off
3．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）________ a bright future, we teenagers should study hard and keep in good health.
A．Get B．To get C．Getting D．Got
4．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）________ hurting yourself, you should stay away from the boiling water.
A．Avoiding B．Avoid C．To avoid
5．（2023·四川自贡·一模）Mr. Wang is such a great teacher that he always does what he can ________ us.
A．help B．to help C．helping
6．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）When the mother heard her baby daughter say her first word, she felt so excited that she made a short video on Tik Tok (抖音) ________ her joy.
A．shared B．share C．to share D．sharing
7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—We won’t allow ________ in the supermarket.
—But we are allowed ________ in the restroom.
A．smoking; smoking B．to smoke; smoking
C．to smoke; to smoke D．smoking; to smoke
8．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）Ms. Chou, I will tell you my little secret if you promise ________ anyone else.
A．to tell B．tell C．not to tell D．not tell
9．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）I’m happy that Judy has become the first one ________ five books during the Reading Week.
A．finished B．to finish C．finishing D．finishes
10．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）Mr Wang often encourages us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty.
A．get B．getting C．to get D．gets
11．（2023·重庆九龙坡·三模）To my surprise, my parents agreed__________ to the concert with me.
A．go B．going C．to go D．went
12．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam
13．（2023·重庆永川·统考一模）The teacher often tells us ________ others’ homework because it’s bad for us.
A．not to copy B．to not copy C．not to copying D．to not copying
14．（2023·福建福州·三模）Cole made a survey ________ how many cities have hosted the Olympic Games.
A．find out B．to find out C．found out
15．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）My father often tells me ________ too much time ________ computer games.
A．not to spend; play B．to spend; play
C．not to cost; playing D．not to spend; playing
16．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）Wang Hui gets up early every morning ________ running.
A．practice B．to practice C．practices D．practicing
17．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.
A．worked B．working C．work D．to work
18．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）Mr. Brown asked us to stop ________ and we stopped ________ to him at once.
A．talking; to listen B．to talk; to listen C．talking; listening
19．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）—Jim, what makes you ________ so excited
—I will visit a Chinese family tomorrow.
A．to feel B．feel C．feeling
20．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）We found ________ very interesting ________ English.
A．it; learning B．it; to learn C．that; to learn D．this; learning
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
21．（2023·云南昆明·模拟预测）Pang Meng wanted the magic medicine from Change’ e. (steal)
22．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）He’s made a decision (give up) the chance to go abroad.
23．（2023·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）We should make a right plan for ourselves and try our best (reach) our goals.
24．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）We are supposed (do) some housework for our parents when we have free time.
25．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Tom wants to invite me (play) basketball.
26．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）His mother told him (wait) for her at home.
27．（2023·甘肃白银·统考三模）Her mother told her (take) out the rubbish after lunch.
28．（2023·甘肃定西·统考一模）Miss White always tells us (read) the text aloud.
29．（2023·甘肃庆阳·统考一模）Our English teacher often encourages us （study） hard.
30．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Everyone needs (avoid) making the same mistakes.
31．（2023·湖北武汉·一模）The teacher’s help made it possible for me (make) so much progress.
32．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）As animal-lovers, they do everything they can (save) wild animals.
33．（2023·江苏淮安·统考二模）My English teacher often advises us (practice) speaking more often.
34．（2023·江苏淮安·三模）It is easy for people (travel) around Huai’an by tram (有轨电车).
35．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）The bus was late. The poor old man had no choice but (wait) in the rain.
三、语法填空
（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）
Thursday July 3rd Sunny
Today was the third day of our trip. My parents and I walked fifteen miles to reach a faraway village. We wanted to rent（租赁） 36 house there. There was only one empty house.We found out the owner. He told us not 37 it.No one liked to live there for there was a ghost（鬼）. But dad said it could be one of our exciting 38 in our trip and we had that house at last.
At night, we quickly fell asleep 39 we were too tired after a day’s walk. Suddenly, I felt I 40 by a cold hand. I got up and felt scared. No, it was no ghost but mom. But she was shaking. I asked 41 . She said nothing but pointed to the window. Yes, somebody seemed to be moving about. The sound was sometimes on the top of the house and 42 on the ground. Even it seemed to fly through the air. We were all too scared to move. After some time, dad and I made up our mind to go out and 43 .
But when dad opened the door. I felt even 44 . I heard the sound as before, but saw no one. And then suddenly all was clear. There was an owl flying about. Someone had tied bells 45 its legs, which made a sound whenever it moved. We had a good laugh and went to sleep.
What an unforgettable experience it was!
36．A．a B．an C．the D．/
37．A．buy B．to buy C．take D．to take
38．A．secret B．secrets C．experience D．experiences
39．A．although B．before C．because D．unless
40．A．touch B．am touched C．touched D．was touched
41．A．why did she touch me B．why she touched me C．how did she touch me D．how she touched me
42．A．hardly B．usually C．always D．sometimes
43．A．see B．saw C．hear D．heard
44．A．scared B．more scared C．interested D．more interested
45．A．to B．for C．from D．with
真题演练
一、用所给单词适当填空
1．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Our government has taken action (make) life in the countryside better.
2．The spirit of Lei Feng tells us （help） people in need.
3．（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）I’ve decided （stay）away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical exam.
三、单项选择
7．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）—Do you always get up so early
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A．To catch B．Catching C．Caught D．Catches
8．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Our art teacher encourages us ________ colorful things in life.
A．look for B．looks for C．looking for D．to look for
9．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）________the quality of PE classes, some schools put smart technology into use.
A．Improving B．To improve C．Improve D．Improved
四、语法填空
（2023·广东·统考中考真题）
请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
David is a 15-year-old boy and he is crazy about space. He always wonders how space stations work. For him, a space camp is 10 than any other camp in the world.
At the age of seven, David had 11 first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents 12 to a Family Space Camp. They had a taste of what it was like to travel 13 space. Everything was magical. 14 excited David was!
David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. Last month, he went to 15 new space camp. It had a lot of fun training programs, 16 he enjoyed all of them. There he was often asked 17 he liked space camps so much. “I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp, and I don’t even need 18 the earth,” he said.
These experiences have influenced his life. Now David 19 space science. He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future.
10．A．great B．greater C．the greatest
11．A．he B．him C．his
12．A．invited B．are invited C．were invited
13．A．on B．in C．for
14．A．How B．What C．What an
15．A．a B．an C．the
16．A．or B．but C．and
17．A．why B．when C．where
18．A．leave B．leaving C．to leave
19．A．study B．is studying C．was studying
参考答案
模拟卷语法选择题
A 37．D 38．D 39．C 40．D
41．B 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．A
真题演练
1.to make 2. to help 3.to stay
单项选择
7-9 ADB
语法选择题
10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．B
非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。
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