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第7讲 非谓语动词之动名词
【复习目标】
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 2023年中考名词考情分析
三 网络构建 知识点头脑风暴
五 动名词考向 动名词的形式及特征动名词的句法功能常见跟动词的ing形式的情况总结归纳提升必考题型归纳
六 真题感悟 中考动名词经典考题
【考情分析】
从近三年中考卷可以看出，对非谓语动词中动名词的考查是必考点，主要是考查动名词作主语、宾语和定语等。但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。因此，2024年中考备考要掌握动名词相关用法，熟悉动名词的常用搭配。
动名词题型命题规律
【网络构建】
构成：（to）+动词原形
动词不定
在句中的作用（主、宾、表、宾补、定、状）
非
谓 构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
考向一动名词的形式和特征
动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成，形式上与现在分词相同。动名词既具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语，并与其一起构成动名词短语，又具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，在句中可作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语等成分，但不能作谓语，因此称动名词为非谓语动词。
动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
考向二 动名词的句法功能
（1）作主语
动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如：
Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。
Finding work is difficult these days.现在找工作很困难。
It's no use waiting for another hour.再等一个小时也没用。
注意：
①it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语的常用句型：
It is a waste of time doing sth ...做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/no use doing ...做……是不好的/没用的。
It is hardly/scarcely worth doing ...做……不值得。
It is worth/worthwhile doing ...做……是值得的。如：
It is no good reading in the sun.在阳光下看书是不好的。
It is useless remembering words only.只记单词是没有用的。
It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。
It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。
②动名词作主语常用于there be句型。如：
There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这样一件傻事毫无意义。
There is no stopping him.无法阻止他。
③动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：
Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Nodding the head means agreement.点头意味着同意。
（2）作宾语
动名词作宾语，既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语，也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如：
He enjoys reading stories.他喜欢读故事。
I dislike playing cards.我不喜欢打牌。
Have you finished reading the book？你看完这本书了吗？
They are practicing singing the new song.他们正在练习唱新歌。
He got down to working as soon as he got to the office.他一进入办公室就开始工作。
He hurried to school without having breakfast.他没吃早饭就匆匆去了学校。
How about going for a picnic？去野餐怎么样？
注意：
①并不是所有的及物动词都可以用动名词作宾语，动名词只能做某些及物动词及短语动词的宾语。
可以用动名词作宾语的动词常用的有：enjoy，finish，spend，mind，keep，practice，stop，admit，advise，allow，avoid，dislike，miss，suggest
可以用动名称作宾语的短语动词有：can't help，give up，keep on，feel like，carry on，put off，insist on，get down to，look forwards to，be/get used to等。
②下列动词或形容词want，require，need，worth后跟动名词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。如：
The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。
The house requires repairing at once.这座房子需要马上维修。
③除介词besides，but，except后跟不定式作介词宾语外，其他介词一般都须跟动名词作宾语。如：
You must finish your work before going to the concert.你必须在去听音乐会之前把工作完成。
On seeing her mother，the little girl began to cry out.这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。
（3）作表语
动名词作表语，有两种情况：①当动名词具有名词性质时，动名词短语说明主语的内容；②当动名词具有形容词性质时，动名词说明主语的性质或特征。如：
His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容）
His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征）
注意： 当动词-ing的动作是主语所发出时，句子不是系表结构，而是现在进行时。如：
He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时）
（4）作宾语补足语
动名词作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面。如：
I watched them playing volleyball on the playground.我看他们在操场上打排球了。
Don't have your guest standing there.不要让客人站在那里。
注意：
用动名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有：
①表示感觉、知觉的动词：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to等。如：
I heard her singing in the next door.我听见她在隔壁唱歌。
②动词find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。如：
I found the missing boy playing by the river.我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。
注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。
（5）作定语
动名词或动名词短语作定语，有的放在它所修饰的名词之前，有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。
①单个的动名词作定语时，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如：
China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
Would you please give me some writing paper？请给一些书写纸好吗？
②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如：
The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。
Don't trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。
（6）作同位语
动名词作同位语，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：
His idea，helping farmers get in their crops，interested us very much.我们对他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法很感兴趣。
The goal，making two thousand cars this month，excites the workers.
小试牛刀
1. ______ (drink) vegetable juice is a good habit, which helps you eat a balanced diet.
2.—Would you like ______ (go) camping with me
—I’d love to. But I’m busy ______ (do) my homework.
3. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ (read) your handwriting.
4.As she is looking forward to ______ (hear) from me, please remember ______ (post) this letter on your way to school.
5. Would you mind ______ (keep) quiet for a moment I’m trying ______ (fill out) a form.
6.—People are not allowed ______ (smoke) in the cinema.
—But they will allow ______ (smoke) in the restroom.
考向三 常见跟动词的ing形式的情况总结归纳
动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；
practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；
avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；
suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做
常接动名词作宾语的动词有：我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）
期待look forward to doing sth
阻止stop/prevent/keep...from doing sth
有困难/麻烦have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth
玩得开心have fun/have a good time
宁愿做A而不愿意做B
prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B
do+some+doing: do some cooking/ shopping / cleaning/ washing/ reading/
go+doing 如: go shopping/ fishing / swimming/ skating/ boating/ hiking / sightseeing
注意：有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意思有区别
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（未做）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做
try doing sth.试着做
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. 做完一件事，接着做另外事
go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
②固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
be worth doing 值得做某事；
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难；
have fun doing.做某事高兴
③介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)
如：be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth..；
thank you for doing sth.； give up doing sth.； stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.；
be afraid of doing sth.； be interested in doing sth.； be proud of； instead of； be fond of
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④to作介词+doing 1. look forward to doing sth （盼望）
2. pay attention to doing sth.（注意）
3.be used to doing sth. （习惯于）
4.prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）
5.devote...... to doing sth （致力于）
6. make a contribution to doing （做贡献）
课堂练习
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Nowadays the volunteers from the charity are busy money for the children who have infantile autism (自闭症). (collect)
2．（2023·甘肃张掖·校考模拟预测）Seeing Linda arrive at the finishing line, her classmates couldn’t help (cheer) for her loudly.
3．（2023·甘肃武威·校考模拟预测）After (finish) doing your homework, you can have a good rest.
4．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）Thanks a lot for (invite) me to your house.
5．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time. He is considering ( give ) them up.
6．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）To avoid （hit）the truck, he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt.
7．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）Would you mind (close) the windows It’s too cold.
8．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）He stopped his son from (play) games on the mobile phone.
9．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）Please stop (cry), little man! I haven’t touched your tooth yet.
10．（2023·甘肃平凉·统考一模）All of the students stopped (talk) when the teacher came into the classroom.
11．（2023·甘肃定西·统考二模）All the students are looking forward to (meet) the famous singer.
12．（2023·甘肃白银·统考三模）Amy practices (play) the piano twice a week.
13．（2023·黑龙江鸡西·统考一模）I’ll spend as much time as I can （help）in an old people’s home.
14．（2023·甘肃定西·统考一模）Li Yi is interested in art and she practices （ paint） every day.
15．（2023·云南昭通·统考二模）Everyone plays an important role in the environment. (protect)
二、单项选择
16．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—The window is broken and needs ________.
—I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now.
A．repairing B．to repair C．repaired D．be repaired
17．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）—Have you finished ________ the picture
—Not yet. I am busy these days.
A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．drew
18．（2023·甘肃武威·校考模拟预测）—What do you remember about Grade Seven, Jane
—I remember ________ the Old People’s Home.
A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited
19．（2023·四川泸州·统考一模）Nobody can avoid ________ mistakes.
A．makes B．making C．to make D．made
20．（2023·江苏徐州·校考二模）There is no doubt ________ Harry Potter is worth ________.
A．whether; reading B．if; to read C．that; reading D．that; being read
三、语法选择
（2023·广东梅州·统考一模）
Recently, a Yunnan girl dancing in front of her mother’s pork shop became popular online. The girl’s name is Wu Gangyun. She showed great 36 in dancing when she was very young. She always dreamed to be a dancer when growing up. 37 Wu’s mother knew nothing about dancing, she supported her daughter. But Wu’s family wasn’t very 38 . Her parents didn’t have enough money to send her to 39 professional dancing school. However, Wu Gangyun never gave up her love for dancing. She began to watch videos about dancing online and then taught 40 how to dance. She was not only talented but also hard-working. She practiced 41 whenever she was free. The neighbors often saw Wu dance 42 when her mother was working in the small pork shop.
Luckily, Wu’s talent attracted the attention of Zhang Ping and her husband. The warm-hearted couple 43 their best to help poor girls in Yunnan to continue their dancing education for many years. Later, with the help of the couple, Wu Gangyun made great progress. With several 44 children from her hometown, Wu even performed “The Wizard of Oz” on the CCTV stage. The performance was a huge success. We all have the chance to make our dream 45 true as long as we never give up.
36．A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．interestingly
37．A．But B．Although C．Or D．Because
38．A．rich B．richer C．richest D．the richest
39．A．a B．an C．the D．/
40．A．her B．hers C．she D．herself
41．A．dance B．to dance C．dancing D．danced
42．A．happy B．unhappy C．happiness D．happily
43．A．try B．have tried C．are trying D．will try
44．A．others B．the others C．other D．the other
45．A．came B．come C．coming D．to come
真题演练
一、单项选择
1．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—The doctors are busy ________ how to deal with this disease these days.
—So they are. They’re really hard-working.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing
2．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat.
A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate
3．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.
—Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laughed D．laugh
4．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.
A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised
5．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams.
A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing
6．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.　　
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
7．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
8．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A．work B．working C．to work
9．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
10．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
11．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to (attend) it.
12．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）When we learn English, we must pay attention to (pronounce) the words correctly.
13．（2023·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）To many Chinese people, the process of the Spring Festival dinner together is more important than the dinner itself. (prepare)
14．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）The old saying “A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.” means we should learn from mistakes and avoid (make) the same mistakes again.
15．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）Most of the Chinese chose to stay at home to prevent the COVID-19 from (spread) around.
16．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）As for me, I usually practice (play) badminton to keep fit.
17．（2022·贵州六盘水·统考中考真题）Look! Jim is having fun (skate) in the snow. He thinks it’s good exercise.
18．（2019·江苏扬州·中考真题）If the golden sun should stop its light, just one smile from you would make my whole world bright. (shine)
19．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）I remember my key into my bag, but now it’s not there! （put）
20．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）— Lily, I have difficulty (read) comic strips in English.
— Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
21．（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing has a gift for (ski) and won high praise in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
22．（2022·甘肃武威·统考中考真题）More and more young people enjoy (read) poems.
23．Mr. Black has been in China for three years and now he is used to (eat) Chinese food.
24．（2022·湖南永州·统考中考真题）When playing in the hallways students should avoid (push) each other.
25．（2021·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Volunteers in our community are busy (get) ready for the coming charity show.
参考答案
语法选择题
36．A 37．B 38．A 39．A 40．D 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．C 45．B
真题演练
1-5 CAABD 6-10 DBBBC
语法填空
attending 12.pronouncing 13.preparing 14.making 15.spreading
playing 17.skating 18.shining 19.putting 20.reading
21.skiing 22.reading 23.eating 24.pushing 25.getting
非谓语动词的动词动名词是历年中考常考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～3分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。

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