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压轴题10 完形填空
命题预测 分析近几年新高考完形填空可知，高考完形填空注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，命题遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的思路。内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容将文化、知识、教育、趣味等融为一体，时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐，充满正能量。预测2024年高考对于完形填空的考查仍是压轴考题。
高频考法 句中题 句间题 语篇题
完形填空基本规律及解题要领
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。
说明文完形填空的结构一般是:提出问题--发现直接原因-分析深层原因-得出结论或提出解决方案。
说明文类的完形填空的特征如下:
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇.
3.文章主题明确，层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
命题规律：
命题以动词和名词等实词为主，完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。高考完形填空题考查动词(5-8个)名词(4一6个)、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。
句中命题 主要考查考生正确理解句意的能力和词汇的辨析能力。这类题设题较多。
句组命题 从上下文中命题，占比最大，考查考生对上下文的理解能力。
情境命题 这种题难度较大，考查考生对文章中心脉络、结构层次的把握能力。并具有瞻前顾后，把握全文的全局意识。
情感命题 要求考生理解文章，对作者的思想或心理进行准确的推理判断能力。
逻辑命题 考查考生的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律，按照作者的思维方式、语言风格等对文章的行文逻辑进行分析，做出判断。
二、完形填空的解题技巧
1.利用说明文的首句查找说明对象
2.把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括*总-分"*分-总"”总-分-总”等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;时间顺序-按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程:逻辑顺序-有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
3.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
4. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做最有把握的，简单直接的题，对于一下子不能确定答案的题，先跳过，最后再回过头来集中精力根据完形填空的高频考法和命题规律解决难点。此时一定关注语篇中的线索词。
5. 巧用信息复现法
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词和代词复现等。语篇中如果有词汇和结构复现与话题相关等情况时，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
6. 利用逻辑关系法
句子或词组不是孤立存在的，其出现有一定的逻辑关系，可通过句中或句间的逻辑关系，如例证、转折、让步、递进、因果等逻辑关系词来解题。
7. 复读再验证
完成各个选项后，把所选的选项代入文中，再把全文通读一遍，看所选的选项是否意思前后关联，顺利成章，语法结构是否正确，语言表达形式是否符合习惯用法。
03 说明文
1.（2024·全国·模拟预测）
Humans are quick judgment machines. With the seemingly reliable 1 , we form firm and far-reaching opinions of others. Science is 2 those judgments are also often correct although they can sometimes be 3 .
Actually, it turns out that we’re not 4 to believe so firmly what someone’s gesture or face 5 . It is found that these clues really can predict our personalities. Take a study, for example. When the scientists 6 data on walking and personality of more than 15,000 7 of all ages, strong patterns appeared: a fast walker is more likely to be outgoing. 8 .slow walkers are hesitant. Now we know personality indeed has an influence on walking.
But what about the 9 , you might ask We all tend to naturally slow down as we get older, but not everyone slows down at the same 10 .Personality affected not only walking speed, but also how the way of walking became different overtime. Those who were outgoing had a slower 11 in walking speed.
Your personality can’t be 12 by your speeding up or slowing down, but how you are 13 can. Want to appear brave and outgoing 14 in. It may be even more useful as a trick that can help you
assess a person’s character and know quickly who you are 15 in a meeting or in a conversation.
1．A．tool B．relationship C．evidence D．value
2．A．arguing B．admitting C．predicting D．noticing
3．A．long-lasting B．ground-breaking C．hard-won D．one-sided
4．A．content B．willing C．crazy D．sure
5．A．covers B．records C．rules D．indicates
6．A．looked for B．dug into C．focused on D．ended with
7．A．volunteers B．interviewers C．subjects D．candidates
8．A．In comparison B．In addition C．In fact D．In summary
9．A．personality B．result C．style D．age
10．A．pace B．level C．time D．price
11．A．pause B．process C．rise D．decline
12．A．explained B．changed C．determined D．understood
13．A．seen B．followed C．researched D．motivated
14．A．Drive B．Jump C．Rush D．Walk
15．A．fighting B．handling C．treating D．helping
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们常常会根据看似可靠的证据对别人形成固定深远的看法，尽管这些判断有时候会很片面，但是科学提出理由说明它们也经常是正确的。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭借看似可靠的证据，我们对他人形成了坚定而深远的看法。A. tool工具；B. relationship关系；C. evidence证据；D. value价值。根据下文中的“firm and far-reaching”和“someone’s gesture or face”可知，这里应是表示看似可靠的证据。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学认为，这些判断通常也是正确的，尽管有时可能是片面的。A. arguing提出理由说明，说服；B. admitting承认；C. predicting预测；D. noticing注意。根据第二段举的研究的例子可知，此处应表示“科学提出理由说明……”，argue意为“提出理由说明”。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. long-lasting持久的，长期的；B. ground-breaking开创性的，创新的；
C. hard-won来之不易的；D. one-sided片面的，偏颇的。根据although暗示的让步关系可知，本空填的词要和主句中的“correct”形成对比。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，事实证明，我们并不是很荒唐，相信别人的手势或表情所暗示的东西。A. content满意的；B. willing愿意的；C. crazy疯狂的，荒唐的；D. sure确定的。根据下文提到的研究内容可知，此处表示我们深信一个人的手势或面部表情所表明的东西，这并不荒唐。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. covers包括，覆盖；B. records记录；C. rules统治，支配；D. indicates表明。根据“what someone’s gesture or face”可知，此处表示别人的手势或表情所暗示的东西。故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当科学家们深入研究了1.5万多名不同年龄段的人的走路和性格数据时，发现了一个明显的规律：走得快的人更有可能外向。A. looked for寻找；B. dug into深入钻研，探究；C. focused on集中于，专注于；D. ended with以……结束。根据上文“It is found that”和下文中的“data on walking and personality of more than 15,000 　　7　　 of all ages, strong patterns appeared”可知，科学家应是研究和分析了数据。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. volunteers志愿者；B. interviewers采访者；C. subjects接受实验者，实验对象；D. candidates候选人，申请者。根据“Take a study”可知，上文中的到了study，此处一定是指15000多名参与并给实验提供了数据的人（受试者、参与者、研究对象等）。故选C。
8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，走得慢的人会犹豫不决。A. In comparison相比之下；B. In addition此外；C. In fact事实上；D. In summary总之。上文讲的是走路快的人更可能外向，下文讲的是走路慢的人犹豫不决，故此处的衔接词应该是表示对比。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你可能会问，那年龄呢？A. personality性格；B. result结果；C. style方式，风格；D. age年龄。根据下文中的“as we get older”“over time”可知，此处表示“你可能会问年龄（对步速的影响）呢？”。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们都会自然而然地放慢脚步，但并不是每个人都以同样的速度放慢脚步。A. pace发生的速度，节奏；B. level水平；C. time时间；D. price价格。根据上文中的“slow down”和下文中的“waling speed”“Those who were outgoing had a slower…walking speed”可知，随着年龄的增长，我们往往会自然地走得慢，但是每个人变慢的节奏不一样。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些外向的人走路速度下降得更慢。A. pause暂停；B. process过程；C. rise上升；D. decline下降。上文提到每个人走路变慢的节奏不一样，所以此处表示随着时间的推移，那些外向的人走路速度减慢的速度会慢一点。故选D。
12．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的个性不会因你的加速或减速而改变，但你的形象可以改变。A. explained解释；B. changed改变；C. determined决定；D. understood理解。根据下文中的“by your speeding up or slowing down”“Want to appear brave and outgoing ”可知，此处表示你的性格不可能通过你快走或慢走改变。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. seen看见，（以特定方式）看待；B. followed跟着；C. researched研究；D. motivated激发，激励。根据下文中“Want to appear brave and outgoing ”可知，此处表示你的性格不可能通过你快走或慢走改变，但是你自己被人看待的方式可以改变。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：迅速移动。A. Drive驾驶；B. Jump跳；C. Rush冲，迅速移动；D. Walk行走。第二段提到走得快的人性格更可能是外向的，结合空前提到的“Want to appear brave and outgoing ”可知，此处的动作应该与走得快有关。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种技巧，它可能更有用，可以帮助你评估一个人的性格，并迅速知道你在会议或谈话中面对的是谁。A. fighting战斗；B. handling处理；C. treating对待；D. helping帮助。根据下文中的“in a meeting or in a conversation.”可知，此处应该指你在会上或交谈中打交道的人。故选B。
2.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）
Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends If you’re a teen, that’s fairly 16 . And new researches may explain why so many adolescents 17 their mom’s voices.
Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 18 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. This obvious 19 usually happens between ages 13 and 14. That’s when teenagers are in the course of puberty (青春期), a roughly decade-long transition into adulthood.
Researchers scanned the brains of 7 to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely 20 : teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became 21 . This was especially true in brain regions that help us to 22 rewards and pay attention. That’s exactly as it should be. The experiments show that those parts of their brains react more strongly to the unfamiliar voices than to their mothers’.
These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop 23 mom. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention. “As kids 24 , their survival depends less and less on maternal support. 25 , they rely more and more on their 26 —friends and others closer to their own age. So the brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to 27 new needs
that come with adolescence.”
However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 28 . Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) 29 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay. “That’s the way the 30 is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”
16．A．common B．rare C．strange D．impossible
17．A．put up B．tune out C．listen to D．show off
18．A．changes B．matters C．evolves D．counts
19．A．action B．shift C．ability D．function
20．A．complicated B．meaningful C．nonsense D．nonstop
21．A．numb B．small C．calm D．active
22．A．collapse B．design C．detect D．process
23．A．keeping out B．responding to C．working with D．turning down
24．A．struggle B．advance C．shrink D．mature
25．A．Once B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Besides
26．A．strangers B．competitors C．partners D．peers
27．A．adapt to B．appeal to C．apply to D．attach to
28．A．stress B．relief C．safety D．plenty
29．A．varied B．dropped C．topped D．remained
30．A．head B．mind C．heart D．brain
【答案】
16．A 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了青少年常常忽略母亲的声音，而小时候则非常听话。文章解释了这一现象背后的原因：大脑为了适应不同成长阶段对外界的不同需求，因此在不同年龄阶段对不同人的声音反应程度有不同。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是青少年，这很常见。A. common普通的；B. rare罕见的；C. strange奇怪的；D. impossible不可能的。根据前文“Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends If
you’re a teen”和后文“Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，你有时会在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈吗？青少年的大脑对陌生人的声音更敏感，所以如果你是青少年，这是很常见的。故选A。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多的青少年不理会妈妈的声音。A. put up竖起；B. tune out不理，对……无反应；C. listen to听；D. show off炫耀。根据前文的“Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends ”和后文的“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 3 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。但随着他们长大，一切。青少年的大脑对陌生人的声音更敏感。这就解释了为什么这么多的青少年不理会妈妈的声音。故选B项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着他们长大，一切都变了。A. changes改变；B. matters要紧；C. evolves进化；D. counts数。根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything”和后文“Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感，青少年的大脑对陌生人的声音更敏感。所以随着他们长大，一切都变了。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间。A. action行动；B. shift转变；C. ability能力；D. function功能。根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 3 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。但随着他们长大，一切都变了。可知这种转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间。故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些词纯粹是没有意义：teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt和peebudieshawlt。A. complicated复杂的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. nonsense无意义的；D. nonstop不间断的。根据后文“teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became 6 ”可知，当研究人员扫描了7到16岁的孩子在听母亲或陌生女性说话时的大脑时，全都是一些没有意义的词，但是当给更小的孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。故选C。
21． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。A. numb麻木的；B. small小的；C. calm冷静的；D. active积极的。根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。当研究人员扫描了7到16岁的孩子在听母亲或陌生女性说话时的大脑时，全都是一些没有意义的词，但是当给更小的孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在帮助我们发现奖励和集中注意力的大脑区域尤其如此。A. collapse倒塌；B. design设计；C. detect发现，察觉；D. process加工，处理。根据前文的“As the kids listened, certain parts of
their brains became 6 .This was especially true in brain regions that help us”和后文“rewards and pay attention”可知，当孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来，尤其是在帮助我们发现奖励和集中注意力的大脑区域。故选C。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈的反应。A. keeping out挡在外面；B. responding to对……作出反应；C. working with 与……共事；D. turning down调低。根据后文的“However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 13 .”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候，所以青少年大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈的反应。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持。A. struggle挣扎；B. advance前进；C. shrink减少；D. mature成熟。根据后文“their survival depends less and less on maternal support”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持。故选D。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们越来越依赖我们的同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人。A. Once曾经；B. Otherwise否则；C. Instead而不是；D. Besides此外。根据后文“they rely more and more on their 11—friends and others closer to their own age”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人，由此与前文构成转折关系。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们越来越依赖我们的同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人。A. strangers陌生人；B. competitors竞争者；C. partners伙伴；D. peers同龄人。根据后文“friends and others closer to their own age”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人。故选D。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大脑似乎适应了青春期带来的新需求。A. adapt to适应；B. appeal to 呼吁；C. apply to适用于；D. attach to连接到。根据后文的“new needs that come with adolescence”可知，对于青春期带来的新需求，大脑似乎适应了。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。A. stress压力；B. relief宽慰；C. safety安全；D. plenty大量。根据后文的“Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) 14 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.”可知，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降，所以母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。A. varied变化；B. dropped下降，掉落；C. topped高于，超过；D. remained保留，留下。
根据前文“Mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 3”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有原因的。A. head头；B. mind心智；C. heart心脏；D. brain大脑。根据前文的“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 3 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，因为儿童时期需要依赖母亲的支持，因此儿童时期的大脑很听妈妈的话。到了青春期，由于有新的需求，于是大脑对不熟悉的声音更加关注。这就是大脑连接的方式。故选D。
3.（23-24高三·安徽六安·阶段练习）
The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a 31 in the house. It must be treated with care and considerate formality. 32 attitudes are forbidden. Because the book is borrowed, it tolerates no damage which means it must not 33 while under your roof. While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important 34 when a flash of creative idea emerge. This is huge 35 to one’s imagination.
36 , your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for 37 . You don’t need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages 38 marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to 39 them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own 40 property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and 41 to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to a woman, the best moral 42 to a man is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 43 out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both 44 . With books at hand, your mind is free to land any 45 or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.
31．A．teacher B．guest C．relative D．servant
32．A．Continual B．Usual C．Casual D．Gradual
33．A．suffer B．store C．destroy D．describe
34．A．trends B．goals C．definitions D．points
35．A．discipline B．discouragement C．relief D．reminder
36．A．Oppositely B．Fortunately C．Immediately D．Definitely
37．A．benefit B．profit C．show D．excuse
38．A．tough B．secondary C．sufficient D．meaningful
39．A．stick to B．refer to C．devote to D．adapt to
40．A．public B．economic C．intellectual D．imaginary
41．A．familiar B．effective C．flexible D．accessible
42．A．truth B．decoration C．training D．expense
43．A．simplicity B．creativity C．experiment D．life
44．A．conscious B．calm C．wild D．excited
45．A．fresh B．resourceful C．purposeful D．memorable
【答案】
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．C 41．D 42．B 43．B 44．D 45．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阅读的习惯是人类最伟大的资源之一，我们喜欢读那些属于我们自己的书，而不是借来的书。文章主要说明了如何对待借来的书和自己的书，以及阅读的一些益处。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人把借来的书当作家里的客人。A. teacher老师； B. guest客人；C. relative亲戚；D. servant仆人。根据下文“It must be treated with care and considerate”可知，对待借来的书就好像它是客人，故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随意的态度是被禁止的。A. Continual持续的；B. Usual通常的；C. Casual休闲的，随意的；D. Gradual逐渐的。根据上文“It must be treated with care and considerate formality”可知，此处指用谨慎和彬彬有礼来对待借来的书。故选C。
33．考查动词辨析。句意：因为这本书是借来的，所以它不能损坏，这意味着它在你的家里不能变糟。A. suffer遭受，变糟；B. store商店；C. destroy摧毁；D. describe描述。根据上文“Because the book is borrowed, it tolerates no damage”可知，借来的书不允许在你家里变得糟糕。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阅读本书的过程中，当你灵光乍现时，你不允许在要点上做任何标记或划下下划线。A. trends趋势；B. goals目标；C. definitions定义；D. points点。根据上文“make any mark or underline the important”可知，是在要点下划线，故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对一个人的想象力是巨大的阻止。A. discipline纪律；B. discouragement阻止、挫折；C. relief缓解；D. reminder提醒。根据上文“While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important __4__ when a flash of creative idea emerge”说借来的书不能在上面做标记可知，不能做标记画要点是对想象力的阻止，故选B。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，你自己的书属于你，你可以如此亲密地对待它们，你不怕在它上面做标记或把它放在一个肮脏的地方。A. Oppositely相反地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Immediately立即地；D. Definitely肯定地。上文陈述如何对待借来的书，本段讲如何对待自己的书，因此这是另一方面的问题。故选A。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你自己的书是用来使用的，不是用来炫耀的。你不需要在别人面前展示它们。A. benefit好处；B. profit利润；C. show展示；D. excuse借口。根据“Your own books are there for use”可知，自己的书不是用来炫耀的，故选C。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拥有书也鼓励有意义的标记。A. tough艰难的；B. secondary其次的；C. sufficient充足的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据下文 “A good reason for marking”可知，自己的书上可以做有意义的标记，故选D。
39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在书中标记有教育意义的段落的一个很好的理由是，这种做法可以让你更容易地记住重要的谚语，更快地查阅，然后在将来更频繁地复习它们。A. adapt to适应；B. refer to查阅；C. devote to致力于；D. stick to坚持。根据上文 “enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings”可知，书中的标记可以让你快速查阅，故选B。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于拥有的书对一个人的重要性，每个人都应该开始收集一个私人图书馆，构成他自己的知识财产。A. imaginative有想象力的；B. economic经济的；C. intellectual智力的、知识的；D. public公开的。根据上文“Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library”可知，书是知识财产，故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们应该是自由的，手和眼睛都可以接触到。A. familiar熟悉的；B. effective有效的；C. flexible灵活的；D. accessible可达到的。根据上文“which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys”可知，书架应该是容易接触到，故选D。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像珠宝之于女人一样，书籍是男人最好的道德装饰。A. truth事实；B.
decoration装饰；C. training训练；D. expense花费。根据上文“Like the jewellery to a woman”可知，书对于男人来说是道德装饰，故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的多样性表明了不同作家大脑的创造力。A. simplicity简洁；B. creativity创造力；C. experiment实验；D. life人生。根据下文“With books at hand, your mind is free to land any ___15___ or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.”可知，此处指的是作家的创造力，故选B。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的身心都是兴奋的。A. conscious有意识的；B. calm平静的；C. wild野的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating”可知，书籍知识也很有启发性，书让你身心兴奋，故选D。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了书在手，你的大脑就可以自由地思考任何新鲜甚至奇怪的可能性，最终产生新的发现或发明。A. resh新鲜的；B. resourceful足智多谋的；C. f purposeful有明确目标的；D. memorable难忘的。根据上文“or even strange possibility”可知，有了属于自己的书，你的大脑是自由的，这样可以产生很多新的想法。故选A。
4.（23-24高三·辽宁沈阳·阶段练习）
The psychological aspect of sports is often overlooked. Athletics is 90 percent 46 and 10 percent physical, and mindsets make a huge 47 in competitions.
“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you 48 ,” said Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast Shannon Miller. “The mental aspect has to 49 , especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic Games, everyone is talented. Everyone 50 hard. Everyone does the work. What 51 the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game.” Many athletes have used the 52 of mental imagery, or visualization, to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of 53 found that the patterns activated by lifting heavy weights were activated 54 when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental 55 can be almost as effective as physical training.
Mental imagery about the event 56 on many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory. So the 57 is getting trained for actual performance during visualisation. And it’s been found that mental practices can prepare your brain for success. 58 visualising is more than just thinking about an upcoming event. “During visualisation, the athlete incorporates (整合) all of his 59 into the experience.” sports psychologist Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote
in a blog post on The Huffington Post 60 a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race, for example,before executing (完成) her performance.”
46．A．emotional B．intelligent C．mental D．strategic
47．A．difference B．importance C．improvement D．challenge
48．A．so long B．so far C．so much D．so high
49．A．turn on B．show off C．take up D．set off
50．A．approves B．motivates C．disciplines D．trains
51．A．breaks B．pushes C．determines D．distinguishes
52．A．treatment B．technique C．technology D．tradition
53．A．runners B．gymnasts C．weightlifters D．skaters
54．A．regularly B．normally C．finally D．similarly
55．A．connection B．practice C．performances D．directions
56．A．impacts B．comments C．insists D．reflects
57．A．brain B．body C．attention D．memory
58．A．Though B．Otherwise C．But D．Instead
59．A．observations B．spirit C．determination D．senses
60．A．over B．for C．about D．with
【答案】
46．C 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．D 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．B 56．D 57．A 58．C 59．D 60．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍对运动员来说精神的锻炼和身体的锻炼一样重要，为了更好的发挥，运动员可以运用想象来体验比赛的过程。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育运动90%是心理方面，10%是身体方面，而且心态在比赛方面会产生巨大的影响。A. emotional情感的；B. intelligent睿智的； C. mental 心理的；D. strategic策略上的。根据空格后“10 percent physical”可知，此处表示心理方面。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：体育运动90%是心理方面，10%是身体方面，而且心态在比赛方面会产生巨大的影响。A. difference不同；B. importance重要；C. improvement 改善；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“The psychological aspect of sports is often overlooked.(体育运动的心理方面经常被忽视)”可知，此处表示心态在比
赛方面会产生巨大的影响，make a difference表示“产生影响”。故选A。
48．考查短语辨析。句意：奥运会金牌得主，体操运动员 Shannon Miller说，“身体的方面只能带你走这么远。”A. so long那么长，再见；B. so far这么远，迄今为止；C. so much这么些，深深地；D. so high这么高。根据上文“Athletics is 90 percent 　　1　　 and 10 percent physical, and mindsets make a huge 　　2　　 in competitions. (体育运动90%是心理方面，10%是身体方面，而且心态在比赛方面会产生巨大的影响)”可知，此处表示如果只是身体方面好，在体育运动中并不能走很远（很成功）。故选B。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：精神方面必须要打开，尤其当你要发挥极致的时候。A. turn on打开；B. show off炫耀；C. take up占据；D. set off出发。根据下文“especially when you’re talking about the best of the best”可知，此处表示精神方面必须要打开。故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都是刻苦训练的。A. approves同意；B. motivates激励；C. disciplines管教；D. trains训练。根据上文“In the Olympic Games, everyone is talented. (奥运比赛中每个人都是有天赋的)”下文“Everyone does the work (每个人都这么做)”可知，每个人都刻苦训练。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：区别金牌获得者和银牌获得者的只有心理的比赛。A. breaks打破；B. pushes推；C. determines决定；D. distinguishes区别。根据空格后“the gold medalists from the silver medalists”可知，指的是区别金牌获得者和银牌获得者。故选D。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多运动员使用的是心理意像这一技术，或者想象来创造最佳状态。A. treatment治疗；B. technique技术；C. technology科技；D. tradition传统。根据空格后“of mental imagery”可知，这是一种技术。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有关举重运动员的大脑的模式研究发现，举重运动员举起重量的时候，大脑的活动模式和只是想象举起重量的活动相似，有些研究表明精神的练习和身体的训练的效果是一样的。A. runners跑步运动员；B. gymnasts体操运动员；C. weightlifters举重运动员；D. skaters溜冰运动员。根据空格后“lifting heavy weights”可知，此处指的是举重运动员。故选C。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有关举重运动员的大脑的模式研究发现，举重运动员举起重量的时候，大脑的活动模式和只是想象举起重量的活动相似，有些研究表明精神的练习和身体的训练的效果是一样的。A. regularly有规律地；B. normally正常地；C. finally最后；D. similarly相似地。根据空格后“when they simply imagined lifting”可知，空格前后做对比，所以此处表示两者的模式相似。故选D。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有关举重运动员的大脑的模式研究发现，举重运动员举起重量的时候，大脑的活动模式和只是想象举起重量的活动相似，有些研究表明精神的练习和身体的训练的效果是一样的。A. connection连接；B. practice练习；C. performances表演；D. directions方向。根据空格后“as effective as physical
training”可知，此处指精神练习。故选B。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有关这个项目的心理意象反映出大脑中的许多认知过程：运动控制，注意力，感知，计划和记忆。A. impacts 影响；B. comments评论；C. insists坚持；D. reflects反映。根据空格后“many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory”可知，心理意像可以反映出很多认知过程。故选D。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以大脑正在为想象过程中的实际表现进行训练。A. brain大脑；B. body身体；C. attention注意力；D. memory记忆。根据上文“Mental imagery about the event 　　11　　 on many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory. (有关这个项目的心理意象反映出大脑中的许多认知过程：运动控制，注意力，感知，计划和记忆)”可知，是大脑在进行训练。故选A。
58．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：但是想象不仅仅是思考即将到来的事件。A. Though虽然；B. Otherwise否则；C. But但是；D. Instead相反。根据上文“So the 　　12　　 is getting trained for actual performance during visualisation.And it’s been found that mental practices can prepare your brain for success (所以大脑正在为想象过程中的实际表现进行训练。研究发现，心理练习可以让你的大脑为成功做好准备)”可知，空格后的句子与前文形成转折关系。故选C。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动心理学家JoAnn Dahlkoetter博士在一篇关于一名和她一起工作的速滑运动员的博客中写道，“在想象中，这个运动员整合了他所有的感官到这个经历中。”A. observations观察；B. spirit精神；C. determination决心；D. senses感官。根据下文““She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitor...” (“她感到前脚离开了跑道，她听到她的滑冰劈叉声，她看到自己跑在竞争对手前面……”)”可知，在想象中，她整合了所有的感官到这个经历。故选D。
60．考查介词词义辨析。句意：运动心理学家JoAnn Dahlkoetter博士在一篇关于一名和她一起工作的速滑运动员的博客中写道，“在想象中，这个运动员整合了他所有的感官到这个经历中。”A. over在……上面；B. for为了；C. about关于；D. with和……一起。根据空格后“a speed skater”可知，这是一篇关于一名速滑运动员的博客。故选C。
5.（2023·江苏·模拟预测）
During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were eager to earn the business of students. 61 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many students signed up for one
or more cards without understanding the 62 of late payment.
63 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. 64 , they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 65 a low-interest loan.
Poor credit 66 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 67 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.
To make the class as 68 as possible, we asked the students what 69 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them 70 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize
We, educators, can help young people 71 life after graduation, as there are many great 72 and developing our course was 73 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant 74 . And if my 75 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it’s that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way.
61．A．Attracted B．Sponsored C．Required D．Dominated
62．A．conditions B．benefits C．consequences D．processes
63．A．Displaying B．Maintaining C．Abandoning D．Lacking
64．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Instead
65．A．secure B．guarantee C．request D．settle
66．A．turned B．guided C．followed D．tricked
67．A．independence B．responsibility C．achievement D．identity
68．A．touching B．surprising C．engaging D．inspiring
69．A．words B．titles C．courses D．topics
70．A．posing B．considering C．examining D．tackling
71．A．search for B．pay for C．prepare for D．care for
72．A．questions B．paths C．examples D．resources
73．A．easier B．cheaper C．safer D．stricter
74．A．distance B．disadvantage C．point D．corner
75．A．duties B．abilities C．ambitions D．experiences
【答案】
61．A 62．C 63．D 64．B 65．A 66．C 67．B 68．C 69．D 70．B 71．C 72．D 73．A 74．B 75．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过自己的经历讲述了对于学生来讲，金融素养教育的重要性。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被那些各种各样的只讲述了部分情况的信用卡的奖励计划所吸引，很多学生申请了很多张信用卡，且没有理解到逾期还款的后果。A. Attracted吸引；B. Sponsored赞助；C. Required要求；D. Dominated支配。根据后文“various rewards programs”和“many students signed up for one or more cards”可知，很多学生申请了不止一张信用卡是因为被信用卡提出的奖励计划所吸引，故选A。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. conditions情况；C. benefits好处；C. consequences后果；D. processes过程。根据后文“late payment”和“they faced challenges later in life”可知，因逾期还款，之后他们会面临麻烦，故此处指学生没有意识到信用卡逾期还款的后果，故选C。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：缺乏基本的金融素养也就意味着大学生以不良信用开始他们的成年生活。A. Displaying展示；B. Maintaining保持；C. Abandoning抛弃；D. Lacking缺乏。根据空后“meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit”可知，意味着他们以不良信用开始他们的成年生活，故此处指缺乏基本的金融素养，故选D。
64．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们就会在今后的生活中面临着问题，当他们需要借钱时，他们无法低利息贷款。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead相反。根据前文“　　3　　 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit.”和后文“they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 　　5　　 a low-interest loan.”可知，空前提到了他们的不良信用，空后将无法贷款，构成因果关系，故选B。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. secure确保，为（债务或贷款）作抵押；B. guarantee保证；C. request要求；D. settle解决。根据空前“they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t”可知，他们因信用不良，因此无法贷款，故secure a loan意为“贷款”，故选A。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信用不良一直跟随着我度过大学，直到我的教学生涯。A. turned转弯；B. guided指导；C. followed跟随；D. tricked欺骗。根据后文“That has fueled my sense of 　　7　　 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance.”可知，激起了我决定教学生个人理财的想法，是因为信用不良一
直伴随着我，故选C。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也让我感觉教学生个人理财是我的责任。A. independence独立；B. responsibility责任；C. achievement成就；D. identity身份。根据后文“It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.”可知，我帮助开发了适合青少年和青年人的个人理财课程，是因为我觉得我有责任教会学生个人理财，故选B。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让课程尽可能的吸引人，我问学生他们对什么话题感兴趣。A. touching感人的；B. surprising惊人的；C. engaging吸引人的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据后文“we asked the students what 　　9　　 interested them.”可知，我问学生对什么话题感兴趣的目的是为了让我的理财课程有吸引力，故选C。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. words话语；B. titles标题；C. courses课程；D. topics话题。根据后文“They were curious to know about buying homes and cars.”可知，他们对买房和买车感到好奇，故此处指我问他们感兴趣的话题是什么，故选D。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的课程，专为14-21岁的人设计，让他们考虑了几个问题：我应该省下多少钱来买这些东西？我应该优先购买什么？A. posing提出；B. considering考虑；C. examining检查；D. tackling解决。根据后文“How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize ”可知，前文提到学生对买车和买房感兴趣，故此处我让学生考虑应该省下多少钱来买车买房，哪一个可以优先购买，故选B。
71．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们教育者帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，这也就是为什么我希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育，因为有很多资源，开发这门课程比我想象中更加简单。A. search for寻找；B. pay for支付；C. prepare for为……做准备；D. care for照顾。根据后文“which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.”可知，我希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育，是因为我们作为教育者，应该帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，故选C。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. questions问题；B. paths路径；C. examples例子；D. resources资源。根据后文“developing our course was 　　13　　 than I had expected”可知，开发这门课程比我想象中更简单，是因为有很多的资源，故选D。
73．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：同上。A. easier更简单的；B. cheaper更便宜的；C. safer更安全的；D. stricter更严格的。根据后文“which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.”可知，正是因为开发这门课程，实施起来比我想象中更简单，所以我呼吁更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育，故选A。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金融素养不应该是选修课程，因为它会让那些没有该素养的人处于不利地位。A. distance距离；B. disadvantage不利条件，劣势；C. point点；D. corner角落。根据前文“Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional”可知，金融素养课程不应该是选修课，是因为它会让没有金融素养的人处于劣势，故选B。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果说我作为学生和教师的经历教会了我什么的话，那就是没有人应该通过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程。A. duties责任；B. abilities能力；C. ambitions抱负心；D. experiences经历。根据后文“it’s that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way”可知，我认为不应该有人通过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程，是因为我作为学生和教师的经历教会了我这一点，故选D。压轴题10 完形填空
命题预测 分析近几年新高考完形填空可知，高考完形填空注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，命题遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的思路。内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容将文化、知识、教育、趣味等融为一体，时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐，充满正能量。预测2024年高考对于完形填空的考查仍是压轴考题。
高频考法 句中题 句间题 语篇题
完形填空基本规律及解题要领
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。
说明文完形填空的结构一般是:提出问题--发现直接原因-分析深层原因-得出结论或提出解决方案。
说明文类的完形填空的特征如下:
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇.
3.文章主题明确，层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
命题规律：
命题以动词和名词等实词为主，完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。高考完形填空题考查动词(5-8个)名词(4一6个)、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。
句中命题 主要考查考生正确理解句意的能力和词汇的辨析能力。这类题设题较多。
句组命题 从上下文中命题，占比最大，考查考生对上下文的理解能力。
情境命题 这种题难度较大，考查考生对文章中心脉络、结构层次的把握能力。并具有瞻前顾后，把握全文的全局意识。
情感命题 要求考生理解文章，对作者的思想或心理进行准确的推理判断能力。
逻辑命题 考查考生的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律，按照作者的思维方式、语言风格等对文章的行文逻辑进行分析，做出判断。
二、完形填空的解题技巧
1.利用说明文的首句查找说明对象
2.把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括*总-分"*分-总"”总-分-总”等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;时间顺序-按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程:逻辑顺序-有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
3.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
4. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做最有把握的，简单直接的题，对于一下子不能确定答案的题，先跳过，最后再回过头来集中精力根据完形填空的高频考法和命题规律解决难点。此时一定关注语篇中的线索词。
5. 巧用信息复现法
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词和代词复现等。语篇中如果有词汇和结构复现与话题相关等情况时，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
6. 利用逻辑关系法
句子或词组不是孤立存在的，其出现有一定的逻辑关系，可通过句中或句间的逻辑关系，如例证、转折、让步、递进、因果等逻辑关系词来解题。
7. 复读再验证
完成各个选项后，把所选的选项代入文中，再把全文通读一遍，看所选的选项是否意思前后关联，顺利成章，语法结构是否正确，语言表达形式是否符合习惯用法。
03 说明文
1.（2024·全国·模拟预测）
Humans are quick judgment machines. With the seemingly reliable 1 , we form firm and far-reaching opinions of others. Science is 2 those judgments are also often correct although they can sometimes be 3 .
Actually, it turns out that we’re not 4 to believe so firmly what someone’s gesture or face 5 . It is found that these clues really can predict our personalities. Take a study, for example. When the scientists 6 data on walking and personality of more than 15,000 7 of all ages, strong patterns appeared: a fast walker is more likely to be outgoing. 8 .slow walkers are hesitant. Now we know personality indeed has an influence on walking.
But what about the 9 , you might ask We all tend to naturally slow down as we get older, but not everyone slows down at the same 10 .Personality affected not only walking speed, but also how the way of walking became different overtime. Those who were outgoing had a slower 11 in walking speed.
Your personality can’t be 12 by your speeding up or slowing down, but how you are 13 can. Want to appear brave and outgoing 14 in. It may be even more useful as a trick that can help you
assess a person’s character and know quickly who you are 15 in a meeting or in a conversation.
1．A．tool B．relationship C．evidence D．value
2．A．arguing B．admitting C．predicting D．noticing
3．A．long-lasting B．ground-breaking C．hard-won D．one-sided
4．A．content B．willing C．crazy D．sure
5．A．covers B．records C．rules D．indicates
6．A．looked for B．dug into C．focused on D．ended with
7．A．volunteers B．interviewers C．subjects D．candidates
8．A．In comparison B．In addition C．In fact D．In summary
9．A．personality B．result C．style D．age
10．A．pace B．level C．time D．price
11．A．pause B．process C．rise D．decline
12．A．explained B．changed C．determined D．understood
13．A．seen B．followed C．researched D．motivated
14．A．Drive B．Jump C．Rush D．Walk
15．A．fighting B．handling C．treating D．helping
2.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）
Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends If you’re a teen, that’s fairly 16 . And new researches may explain why so many adolescents 17 their mom’s voices.
Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 18 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. This obvious 19 usually happens between ages 13 and 14. That’s when teenagers are in the course of puberty (青春期), a roughly decade-long transition into adulthood.
Researchers scanned the brains of 7 to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely 20 : teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became 21 . This was especially true in brain regions that help us to 22 rewards and pay attention. That’s exactly as it should be. The experiments show that those parts of their brains react more strongly to the unfamiliar voices than to their mothers’.
These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop 23 mom. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention. “As kids 24 , their survival depends less and less on maternal support. 25 , they rely more and more on their 26 —friends and others closer to their own age. So the brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to 27 new needs that come with adolescence.”
However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 28 . Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) 29 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay. “That’s the way the 30 is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”
16．A．common B．rare C．strange D．impossible
17．A．put up B．tune out C．listen to D．show off
18．A．changes B．matters C．evolves D．counts
19．A．action B．shift C．ability D．function
20．A．complicated B．meaningful C．nonsense D．nonstop
21．A．numb B．small C．calm D．active
22．A．collapse B．design C．detect D．process
23．A．keeping out B．responding to C．working with D．turning down
24．A．struggle B．advance C．shrink D．mature
25．A．Once B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Besides
26．A．strangers B．competitors C．partners D．peers
27．A．adapt to B．appeal to C．apply to D．attach to
28．A．stress B．relief C．safety D．plenty
29．A．varied B．dropped C．topped D．remained
30．A．head B．mind C．heart D．brain
3.（23-24高三·安徽六安·阶段练习）
The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a 31 in the house. It must
be treated with care and considerate formality. 32 attitudes are forbidden. Because the book is borrowed, it tolerates no damage which means it must not 33 while under your roof. While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important 34 when a flash of creative idea emerge. This is huge 35 to one’s imagination.
36 , your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for 37 . You don’t need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages 38 marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to 39 them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own 40 property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and 41 to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to a woman, the best moral 42 to a man is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 43 out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both 44 . With books at hand, your mind is free to land any 45 or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.
31．A．teacher B．guest C．relative D．servant
32．A．Continual B．Usual C．Casual D．Gradual
33．A．suffer B．store C．destroy D．describe
34．A．trends B．goals C．definitions D．points
35．A．discipline B．discouragement C．relief D．reminder
36．A．Oppositely B．Fortunately C．Immediately D．Definitely
37．A．benefit B．profit C．show D．excuse
38．A．tough B．secondary C．sufficient D．meaningful
39．A．stick to B．refer to C．devote to D．adapt to
40．A．public B．economic C．intellectual D．imaginary
41．A．familiar B．effective C．flexible D．accessible
42．A．truth B．decoration C．training D．expense
43．A．simplicity B．creativity C．experiment D．life
44．A．conscious B．calm C．wild D．excited
45．A．fresh B．resourceful C．purposeful D．memorable
4.（23-24高三·辽宁沈阳·阶段练习）
The psychological aspect of sports is often overlooked. Athletics is 90 percent 46 and 10 percent physical, and mindsets make a huge 47 in competitions.
“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you 48 ,” said Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast Shannon Miller. “The mental aspect has to 49 , especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic Games, everyone is talented. Everyone 50 hard. Everyone does the work. What 51 the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game.” Many athletes have used the 52 of mental imagery, or visualization, to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of 53 found that the patterns activated by lifting heavy weights were activated 54 when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental 55 can be almost as effective as physical training.
Mental imagery about the event 56 on many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory. So the 57 is getting trained for actual performance during visualisation. And it’s been found that mental practices can prepare your brain for success. 58 visualising is more than just thinking about an upcoming event. “During visualisation, the athlete incorporates (整合) all of his 59 into the experience.” sports psychologist Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote in a blog post on The Huffington Post 60 a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race, for example,before executing (完成) her performance.”
46．A．emotional B．intelligent C．mental D．strategic
47．A．difference B．importance C．improvement D．challenge
48．A．so long B．so far C．so much D．so high
49．A．turn on B．show off C．take up D．set off
50．A．approves B．motivates C．disciplines D．trains
51．A．breaks B．pushes C．determines D．distinguishes
52．A．treatment B．technique C．technology D．tradition
53．A．runners B．gymnasts C．weightlifters D．skaters
54．A．regularly B．normally C．finally D．similarly
55．A．connection B．practice C．performances D．directions
56．A．impacts B．comments C．insists D．reflects
57．A．brain B．body C．attention D．memory
58．A．Though B．Otherwise C．But D．Instead
59．A．observations B．spirit C．determination D．senses
60．A．over B．for C．about D．with
5.（2023·江苏·模拟预测）
During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were eager to earn the business of students. 61 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the 62 of late payment.
63 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. 64 , they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 65 a low-interest loan.
Poor credit 66 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 67 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.
To make the class as 68 as possible, we asked the students what 69 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them 70 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize
We, educators, can help young people 71 life after graduation, as there are many great 72 and developing our course was 73 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant 74 . And if my 75 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it’s that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way.
61．A．Attracted B．Sponsored C．Required D．Dominated
62．A．conditions B．benefits C．consequences D．processes
63．A．Displaying B．Maintaining C．Abandoning D．Lacking
64．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Instead
65．A．secure B．guarantee C．request D．settle
66．A．turned B．guided C．followed D．tricked
67．A．independence B．responsibility C．achievement D．identity
68．A．touching B．surprising C．engaging D．inspiring
69．A．words B．titles C．courses D．topics
70．A．posing B．considering C．examining D．tackling
71．A．search for B．pay for C．prepare for D．care for
72．A．questions B．paths C．examples D．resources
73．A．easier B．cheaper C．safer D．stricter
74．A．distance B．disadvantage C．point D．corner
75．A．duties B．abilities C．ambitions D．experiences

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