2024届高考英语专题01 名词的数与词形转化【查漏补缺】(原卷板+解析版)

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2024届高考英语专题01 名词的数与词形转化【查漏补缺】(原卷板+解析版)

资源简介

专题01 名词的数与词形转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____which/that____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【64题详解】考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
【2022新高考全国I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas
62.populations。考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
【2022新高考全国II卷】He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
64. son’s考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son
之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【2021新高考全国II卷】
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (2) (human) are.
2.humans。考查名词句意:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。此处表示我们人类,作we的同位语,结合谓语are可知,应用复数形式,故填humans。
回顾核心考点
导语:学习名词这可我们从两个维度出发第一种是从名词的类分为专有和普通名词
第二种是从名词的数分类分为可数和不可数名词, 两种分法,知识点部分有重合,同学们记住关键部分重点难,可利用导图进行学习将重点部分,重点单词部分重点记忆即可。
名词的分类
考点1 名词的类
(1)专有名词:专用名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等的专有名称。专有名词无复数形式。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写,前面一般不加定冠词the,如Beijing,Tom,Guangzhou。
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,或特指一家人、夫妇等,前面则必须使用定冠词the,如the Great Wall(长城),the Greens(格林一家人)
(2)普通名词:普通名词又分个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air (空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)
考点2 名词的数
1.可数名词复数形式
(1)规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
①以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
②以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives, half-halves
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,
(2)不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
②单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan
③只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
④一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police
⑤部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
⑥复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)
⑦表示“某国人”①加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans②单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese③以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
2.不可数名词名词用法
(1)抽象名词、物质名词具体化
英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如:
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)抽象名词的用法
抽象名词为不可数名词,无复数,不加a/an,表示总称时不加the。
示例1:
正确:Childhood is the happiest time of a person's life.
童年是一个人一生中最愉快的时光。
错误:we all have our childhoods.
(3)物质名词的用法
物质名词是不可数名词,通常没有复数,不加a/an,表示总称时不加the
示例1:
正确:Coal is very useful industry.
错误:The coal is very useful in industry.
煤在工业上很有用。
物质名词在表示数量时,其前应另加表数量的名词。
示例:
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
a piece of paper 一张纸
a loaf of bread 一条面包
考点3 名词的语法功能
一般有三种形式
1.名词的单数形式用来修饰另一个名词。
eg:There is a stone bridge in my town.我的家乡有一座石头桥。(stone修饰bridge)
The meeting room is cleaned by the woman every day. 这个女人每天都打扫会议室。(meeting修饰room)
2.当我们使用man、woman来修饰名词的时候,它们要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。eg:The woman teacher is the most beautiful in my school.这个女教师是我们学校最漂亮的老师。
The women plioces are hardly work in the weekend. 这些女警察在周末也努力地工作。A man wiriter is good at writing novel. 这个男作家擅长于写小说。
3.当sports(运动)、sales(销售)、clothes(衣服)、goods(货物)、arts(艺术)、customs(风俗)等用来修饰名词的话,只用它们的复数形式。eg:We will host a sports meet next week.我们下周要举办一场运动会。
There is a goods train between two cities. 在两座城市之间有一辆货车来往。
考点4名词所有格的表示方法
不以s结尾的单数名词 ,直接在词尾加’s my sister's bag
以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加 ’the teachers' office
不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加’s Children’s Day
表示共有,在最后一个主语后加'sLily and Lucy's room
表示各自拥有,在每个主语后加'sLily‘s and Lucy's room
表示无生命,名词+of+名词 a picture of my family
1.The documentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Poet made by BBC helps foreigners know about China better and wins widespread (recognize) among foreigners.
【答案】recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意:BBC制作的纪录片《杜甫:中国最伟大的诗人》帮助外国人更好地了解中国,赢得了外国人的广泛认可。形容词widespread后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。recognize的名词形式为recognition,意为“认可”,为不可数名词。根据句意,故填recognition。
Simple (direct) for assembling the model are printed on the box.
【答案】directions
【解析】考查名词。句意:盒子上印着组装模型的简单说明。作主语应用名词direction,结合后文are可知为复数。故填directions。
Of all the (consult), only Mr. Wang gave us some proposal in point.
【答案】consultants
【解析】考查名词。句意:在所有的顾问中,只有王先生给了我们一些中肯的建议。分析句子可知,空处放在Of后,为名词,Mr. Wang是顾问,此处应用consult对应的名词形式consultant,all后搭配可数名词复数。故填consultants。
4.The specialists collect blood samples for (analyze) at a national laboratory.
【答案】analysis
【解析】考查名词。句意:专家们在国家实验室收集血液样本进行分析。空格处用名词作宾语,analyze的名词是analysis,意为“分析”,故填analysis
(2024·浙江宁波·二模) An adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in 3 (long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
【答案】length
【解析】考查名词。句意:一只成年雄性可以长到3.3米长,体重可达300公斤。in length“长度”,为固定短语。故答案为length。
2.(2024·浙江温州·二模)platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more 29 (expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
【答案】exposure
【解析】考查名词。句意:考虑到这些现象,平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。此处作宾语,应用名词exposure,不可数。故填exposure。
3.(2024·浙江绍兴·一模)
“The 43 (practice) of greeting guests with tea are shared among multiple ethnic groups.
【答案】practices
【解析】43.考查名词。句意:用茶招待客人的做法在多个民族中都有。根据“are shared”可知,主语为复数形式。故填practices。
4.(2024·全国二模) As is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the different Loong years, they may have very different 9 (personality), and horoscope, due to the Five Elements, which are Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth.
【答案】personalities
【解析】9.考查名词。句意同上。personality意为“性格”,是可数名词,结合“different”可知,此处需填名词复数形式。故填personalities。
5.(2024·河南濮阳·一模)For his 18 (brave) and selflessness, Hangzhou police authorities earlier gave Peng the title of “Good Samaritan” and a cash prize of 30,000 yuan.
【答案】bravery
【解析】18.考查名词。句意:由于他的勇敢和无私,杭州警方早些时候授予彭“见义勇为”的称号和3万元的现金奖励。根据空格前的For his可知,此处应填名词作宾语,brave的名词形式为bravery,意为“勇敢”。故填bravery。
6.(2024·山东青岛·一模)“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative 29 (product),” a research fellow said
【答案】products
【解析】考查名词。句意:一位研究员表示:“品牌应该利用中国传统文化来推出更多创新产品。”他强调春节是中国人最重视的传统节日,也是消费旺季。空处需填名词作宾语,product为可数名词,结合“more”可知,此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。
7.(2024·黑龙江·二模)According to Shen, early last year, a group of college students proposed building a cafe in 37 (cooperate) with the village.
【答案】cooperation
【解析】考查名词。句意:据Shen说,去年年初,一群大学生提议与该村合作建一家咖啡馆。固定短语:in cooperation with,意为“与……合作”,名词作宾语,符合句意。故填cooperation。
8.(2024·江苏·一模) Collectible cards featuring 47 (image) of the museum’s collections have also proven quite popular with visitors.
【答案】images
【解析】47.考查名词的数。句意:事实证明,以博物馆藏品图像为特色的收藏卡也很受游客欢迎。image意为“图像”,为可数名词,根据空后的“of the museum’s collections”可知,这里表示不止一个图像,应用名词复数。故填images。
9.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 52 (determine) and hard work.
【答案】determination
【解析】52.考查名词。句意:这个故事激励了中国人团结起来,用决心和努力克服困难。作介词with的宾语,应用名词determination,故填determination。
(2024·安徽合肥·一模)Their efforts gained multiple 59 (benefit).
【答案】benefits
【解析】59.考查名词的数。句意:他们的努力获得了多方面的好处。根据上文multiple可
知benefit应用复数形式。故填benefits。
10.(2024·陕西西安·二模)In 2022, Yangliuqing was included (include) on the list of national-level tourist areas, attracting 64 (visit) and cultural enthusiasts from home and abroad
【答案】visitors
【解析】64.考查名词。句意:2022年,杨柳青被列入国家级旅游区名单,吸引了来自国内外的游客和文化爱好者。此处为名词作宾语,需要的词义为“游客”,即visitor,它在句子中为可数名词,需要变复数,故填visitors。专题01 名词的数与词形转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____which/that____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2.【2022新高考全国I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas
3.【2022新高考全国II卷】He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
4.【2021新高考全国II卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (2) (human) are.
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
导语:学习名词这可我们从两个维度出发第一种是从名词的类分为专有和普通名词
第二种是从名词的数分类分为可数和不可数名词, 两种分法,知识点部分有重合,同学们记住关键部分重点难,可利用导图进行学习将重点部分,重点单词部分重点记忆即可。
名词的分类
考点1 名词的类
(1)专有名词:专用名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等的专有名称。专有名词无复数形式。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写,前面一般不加定冠词the,如Beijing,Tom,Guangzhou。
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,或特指一家人、夫妇等,前面则必须使用定冠词the,如the Great Wall(长城),the Greens(格林一家人)
(2)普通名词:普通名词又分个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名
词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air (空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)
考点2 名词的数
1.可数名词复数形式
(1)规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
①以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
②以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives, half-halves
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,
(2)不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
②单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan
③只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
④一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police
⑤部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
⑥复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)
⑦表示“某国人”①加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans②单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese③以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
2.不可数名词名词用法
(1)抽象名词、物质名词具体化
英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如:
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)抽象名词的用法
抽象名词为不可数名词,无复数,不加a/an,表示总称时不加the。
示例1:
正确:Childhood is the happiest time of a person's life.
童年是一个人一生中最愉快的时光。
错误:we all have our childhoods.
(3)物质名词的用法
物质名词是不可数名词,通常没有复数,不加a/an,表示总称时不加the
示例1:
正确:Coal is very useful industry.
错误:The coal is very useful in industry.
煤在工业上很有用。
物质名词在表示数量时,其前应另加表数量的名词。
示例:
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
a piece of paper 一张纸
a loaf of bread 一条面包
考点3 名词的语法功能
一般有三种形式
1.名词的单数形式用来修饰另一个名词。
eg:There is a stone bridge in my town.我的家乡有一座石头桥。(stone修饰bridge)
The meeting room is cleaned by the woman every day. 这个女人每天都打扫会议室。
(meeting修饰room)
2.当我们使用man、woman来修饰名词的时候,它们要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。eg:The woman teacher is the most beautiful in my school.这个女教师是我们学校最漂亮的老师。
The women plioces are hardly work in the weekend. 这些女警察在周末也努力地工作。A man wiriter is good at writing novel. 这个男作家擅长于写小说。
3.当sports(运动)、sales(销售)、clothes(衣服)、goods(货物)、arts(艺术)、customs(风俗)等用来修饰名词的话,只用它们的复数形式。eg:We will host a sports meet next week.我们下周要举办一场运动会。
There is a goods train between two cities. 在两座城市之间有一辆货车来往。
考点4名词所有格的表示方法
不以s结尾的单数名词 ,直接在词尾加’s my sister's bag
以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加 ’the teachers' office
不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加’s Children’s Day
表示共有,在最后一个主语后加'sLily and Lucy's room
表示各自拥有,在每个主语后加'sLily‘s and Lucy's room
表示无生命,名词+of+名词 a picture of my family
1.The documentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Poet made by BBC helps foreigners know about China better and wins widespread (recognize) among foreigners.
Simple (direct) for assembling the model are printed on the box.
Of all the (consult), only Mr. Wang gave us some proposal in point.
4.The specialists collect blood samples for (analyze) at a national laboratory.
(2024·浙江宁波·二模) An adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in 3 (long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
2.(2024·浙江温州·二模)platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more 29 (expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
3.(2024·浙江绍兴·一模)
“The 43 (practice) of greeting guests with tea are shared among multiple ethnic groups.
4.(2024·全国二模) As is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the different Loong years, they may have very different 9 (personality), and horoscope, due to the Five Elements, which are Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth.
5.(2024·河南濮阳·一模)For his 18 (brave) and selflessness, Hangzhou police authorities earlier gave Peng the title of “Good Samaritan” and a cash prize of 30,000 yuan.
6.(2024·山东青岛·一模)“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative 29 (product),” a research fellow said
7.(2024·黑龙江·二模)According to Shen, early last year, a group of college students proposed building a cafe in 37 (cooperate) with the village.
8.(2024·江苏·一模) Collectible cards featuring 47 (image) of the museum’s collections have also proven quite popular with visitors.
9.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 52 (determine) and hard work.
10.(2024·陕西西安·二模)In 2022, Yangliuqing was included (include) on the list of national-level tourist areas, attracting 64 (visit) and cultural enthusiasts from home and abroad.

展开更多......

收起↑

资源列表