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考点四：语法填空—（2020—2023年）四年高考英语真题专项汇编【新高考版】
1.【2023年新课标Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ①_____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ②_____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), ③_____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Shanghai may be the ④_____ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup-and the wrappers are pressed ⑤_____ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ⑥_____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ⑦_____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ⑧_____ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ⑨_____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ⑩_____ (want) more next time.
2.【2023年新课标Ⅱ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the ①_____ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ②_____ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English ③_____
Not the pandas, even though ④_____ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ⑤_____ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ⑥_____ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ⑦_____ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning ⑧_____ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ⑨_____ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ⑩_____ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
3.【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ①_____ (cover) an area about three times ②_____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ③_____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ④_____ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ⑤_____(design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ⑥_____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ⑦_____ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and ⑧_____(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ⑨_____ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ⑩_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4.【2022年新高考Ⅱ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ①_____ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
②_____ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ③_____ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ④_____ (see) them. When he looked down, he ⑤_____ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ⑥_____ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ⑦_____ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ⑧_____ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
"He saved my ⑨_____ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ⑩_____ to thank him."
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
5.【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". ①_____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ②_____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ③_____ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ④_____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us ⑤_____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ⑥_____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ⑦_____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ⑧_____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ⑨_____ (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ⑩_____ must to visit!
6.【2021年新高考Ⅱ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the ①_____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ②_____ (think) it is food.
I decided to do something ③_____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ④_____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company ⑤_____ emailed its president. I told him how ⑥_____(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so ⑦_____ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ⑧_____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ⑨_____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ⑩_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
7.【2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ①_____ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ②_____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ③_____ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ④_____ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ⑤_____ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ⑥_____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ⑦_____ (they) living at a different time in history or ⑧_____ walk through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ⑨_____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ⑩_____ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
8.【2020年全国新高考Ⅱ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ①__________ (begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ②__________ (education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological knowhow has become a ③__________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ④__________ (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes ⑤__________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores ⑥__________ wide range of materials, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ⑦__________ discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics ⑧__________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ⑨__________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of ⑩__________ (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
答案以及解析
1. 答案：tasty；to bite；or；recognized；by；to be lifted；their；a；rarely；wanting
解析：①形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词。。故填tasty。
②非谓语动词。此处考查"whether +不定式"结构，空处与下文的to put 是并列关系。 故填to bite。
③连词。whether...or..."是……还是……"是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。 故填or。
④非谓语动词。此处表示"得到认可的小笼包的发源地"。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填recognized。
⑤介词。by hand"用手工"，是固定搭配。故填by。
⑥非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示"小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来"。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结构，意为"允许某事被做"。故填 to be lifted。
⑦代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示"不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西"。 故填their。
⑧冠词。a touch of"少许，微量"，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。 故填a。
⑨副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，表示"几乎不"。故填rarely。
⑩非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查"leave sb. doing sth."结构，表示"使我想着下次多吃点"。故填wanting。
2. 答案：①arrival；②confident；③to/with；④the；⑤visiting；⑥interviews；⑦why；⑧Basically；⑨and；⑩wished
解析：①名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。
②形容词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。句意：自2017年6月，就在两只新大熊猫"梦梦"和"娇庆"到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更自在、更自信地讲英语。故填confident。
③介词。根据下文中的"Not the pandas...They talk to the flood of international tourists"可知，此处的意思是"他们和谁说英语呢"。故填to/with。
④冠词。空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用,根据language后的"used for the medical training instructions"可知，此处表特指，所以空处应该填定冠词。故填the。
⑤非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰空后的"Chinese zookeepers", visit与Chinese zookeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处意为"来访的中国动物园管理员"，所以空处需要填visiting。句意：他们要和蜂拥而来的国际游客，以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈。这些动物园管理员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查。 故填visiting。
⑥名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，需要用名词。根据空后的"with international journalists"(和国际记者)可知，空处表示复数意义。故填interviews。
⑦表语从句的引导词。根据句意"他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因"可知，此处考查固定句型"This is why..."。故填why。
⑧副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写。句意：那么，他们在学什么呢？总的说来，他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。故填Basically。
⑨连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的"to watch...develop"和空后的"to see...home"结构相似，空处考虑使用连词。结合句意"能够关注大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸"可知，空处前后是语意上的并列关系。故填and。
⑩动词的时态。根据空前的"As a little girl"和空后的"when I grew up" "Now, I'm living out that dream"可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。故填wished。
3. 答案：①Covering ②the ③were ④to increase ⑤is designed ⑥and ⑦populations ⑧eventually ⑨as ⑩that
解析：①非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be, 故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语; cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系, 所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填Covering。
②冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词, 构成倍数表达法"倍数+the size of+名词"表示"……的大小的几倍大"。故填the。
③时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语, 即关系代词that, 指代前面的a significant number of areas, 这个短语作主语时, 谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致; 空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。故填were。
④非谓语动词。根据语境可知, 此处在句中作目的状语, 表示"以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性"。故填to increase。
⑤时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式; 大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况, 用一般现在时。故填is designed。
⑥连词。通过句子结构中的"protecting..., preserving..., protecting..., ⑥_____ leaving"可以看出, 这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分。故填and。
⑦名词复数。population在这里表示"种群", 是可数名词, 由空前的separate可知应填名词复数。故填populations。
⑧副词。该空修饰动词achieve, 应填所给词的副词形式。故填eventually。
⑨介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示"起作用, 产生效果"。故填as。
⑩定语从句。先行词"the species"指物, 并且其前有all修饰, 故此处宜用关系代词。故填that。
4. 答案：①falling ②The ③asleep ④to see ⑤accidentally ⑥and ⑦was fixing ⑧threw ⑨son's ⑩how
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意为:当亨利看到一个小孩吊在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了一个1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接这个正在下坠的孩子。本分句的谓语为held out,设空处应用非谓语动词形式。分析句子结构可知,此处作定语,修饰child; child和fall之间是逻辑上的主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义,应用现在分词。故填falling。
②考查冠词。句意为:布朗一家住在多伦多市外的一栋公寓大楼里。分析句子结构可知,设空处与Brown family构成名词短语作主语。"the+姓氏+family"意为"某某一家人",此处应用定冠词the。同时该空置于句首,首字母应大写。故填The。
③考查词性转换。句意为:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用形容词作表语。Fall asleep为固定短语,意为"入睡"。故填asleep。
④考查非谓语动词。句意为:他把一把椅子推到阳台上,然后爬上去看他们。根据语境可知,此处为不定式结构作目的状语。故填to see。
⑤考查词性转换。句意为:当他往下看时,他不小心滑倒,从阳台边缘掉了下去。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰动词slipped,应用副词。故填accidentally。
⑥考查连词。句意为:他坚持了几分钟,大声喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他的声音。分析句子结构可知,设空处连接hung on和screamed两个动作,且根据句意可知,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
⑦考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主句谓语。此处考查be doing sth. when...结构,意为"正在做某事,这时……",同时该句描述的是过去发生的事情,应用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
⑧考查动词的时态。句意为:他迅速把工具扔到一边,开始伸出胳膊跑了起来。设空处与and后的started并列,作本句的谓语,时态应保持一致,应用一般过去时。故填threw。
⑨考查词形变化。句意为:"他救了我儿子的生命。"布朗夫人说。根据句意可知,life与son之间是所属关系,应用名词所有格。故填son's。
⑩考查疑问词。句意为:"我不知道如何去感谢他。"分析句子结构可知,此处为"疑问词+to do"结构作宾语。how意为"如何",符合语境。故填how。
5. 答案：①What ②humans ③undoubtedly ④hotter ⑤astonished ⑥was ⑦and ⑧aching ⑨mine ⑩a
解析：①考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知, 本空引导主语从句, 且在从句中做主语, 意为"......的事物"。本空位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填What。
②考查名词的单复数。本空做宾语从句主语we的同位语, 故应该用名词的复数形式。故填humans。
③考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空处做状语修饰动词help。故填undoubtedly。
④考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知气温越低, 温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了"the+比较级..., the+比较级..."结构表示"越......, 越......", 故本空填hot的比较级。故填hotter。
⑤考查形容词。本空在"leave+复合宾语"结构中做宾语补足语。astonished吃惊的, 惊讶的; astonishing令人惊讶的。根据语境可知, 这里指的是使我们惊讶。故填astonished。
⑥考查时态。句中有时间状语then, 因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难。故填was。
⑦考查连词。本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers), 表示顺接关系, 因此这里填并列连词。故填and。
⑧考查非谓语动词。本空在句中做定语, ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主动关系, 故用现在分词。故填aching。
⑨考查代词。与前面的"it will always stick in the visitor's memory"呼应, 这里表示"It sure sticks in my memory", 因此本空填名词性物主代词。故填mine。
⑩考查冠词。此处must表示"必须做的事", 为可数名词, 通常用单数。a must表示"一件必须做的事"。 故填a。
6. 答案：①seventh ②thinking ③to educate ④which/that ⑤and ⑥harmful ⑦excited ⑧was ⑨representative ⑩from
解析：①考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。表示"七年级"用序数词。故填seventh。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，②____(think) it is food用作状语， think与其逻辑主语 many sea animals，之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填thinking。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，③____(educate) people about this problem用作目的状语，用不定式。故填to educate。
④考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构④____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用 which或that引导该从句。故填which或that。
⑤考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。"fond"和"emailed"之间是并列关系，用and连两个并列的谓语动词。故填and。
⑥考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词。故填harmful。
⑦考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v.+ed形式的形容词。故填excited。
⑧考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词"wrote"可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时； one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
⑨考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。故填representative。
⑩考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。from sth to sth从……到……。故填from。
7. 答案：①wealthy ②or ③formed ④which/that ⑤are called ⑥is ⑦themselves ⑧walking ⑨accuracy ⑩for
解析：①考查形容词。空格处修饰名词people, 需用形容词做定语。 故填wealthy。
②考查连词。根据语境可知, 前后陈述的是两种可能性, 需用连词or。故填or。
③考查时态。空格处是谓语动词, 根据时间状语"in 1759"可知, 需用一般过去时。故填formed。
④考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是the British Museum, 关系词在从句中做主语, 需用关系代词。故填which/that。
⑤考查时态和语态。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语与谓语call构成动宾关系, 需用被动语态, 且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语only a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念, 谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
⑦考查反身代词。空格处指代visitors, 表示"他们自己", 需用反身代词。故填themselves。
⑧考查非谓语动词。空格处与living是并列成分, 共同做imagine的宾语补足语, imagine sb. doing sth, 意为"想象某人做某事"。故填walking。
⑨考查名词。空格处做主语, 位于形容词Historical之后, 需用名词, 意为"历史的准确性"。故填accuracy。
⑩考查介词。compete for为固定短语, 意为"为了......竞争"。故填for。
8. 答案：to begin; educational ; requirement; professions; that/which; a; and; is; are encouraged; our
解析：①本题考查"It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth."结构,该结构中it做形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
②此处修饰名词短语"computer programs",应用形容词形式。故填educational。
③动词。become后接名词做宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,应用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
④名词。profession为可数名词,根据前面的most可知应用复数形式。故填professions。
⑤句中先行词为a set of volumes,在定语从句中做主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
⑥a wide range of广泛的,大范围的,为固定表达。故填a。
⑦前后分句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
⑧the number of...做主语时,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,应用一般现在时。故填is。
⑨主语Readers与encourage之间为动宾关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,应用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
⑩修饰名词短语"Further Resources section",应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。

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