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上海市紫竹院中学2023-2024学年高二英语第二学期期中答案
Part I
1-10. CACAB DDADB
11-20. BADAB AABAD
21-30. GELCH ABKJF
31-40. CIDFJ ABKEL
41-50. FKHAG EICDB
51-65. CBADC BADAB CADAB
66-80. AABDD CBDBD BCBAC
81-84. CAAB
85-87. CAD
88-91. CACB
92-95. BFCE
Part II
1. since 2. who 3. as well as 4. following 5. whether
6. has been handed 7. what/as 8. to take 9. the longest 10. mixed
11. Summary
Key for reference
Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.
(59 words)
12. To a large extent, scientific research is just a long process of (continuous) trial and error.
13. Nowadays, the reports produced by artificial intelligence are highly in demand/in high demand because they can provide accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis of the data.
14. Although she is still a high school student, her poems/the poems written by her show great maturity, which is/are admired by/admirable to many of her classmates.
15. The four-day field trip will benefit us a lot because we will not only see a variety of natural scenery, but also acquire many survival skills/ skills of surviving in the wild to face the challenge in nature.
听 力 原 文
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
W: What a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu. Could you recommend something special
M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad.
Q: Who is most probably the man
W: Are you looking for anything in particular
M: Yes. My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something interesting.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
M: David told me yesterday that he failed to get the job in an IT company.
W: Really If I remember right, he had a chance to work there but he turned it down.
Q: What does the woman say about David
W: Do you know where we keep printing paper
M: It should be in the box if there is any. That’s where we keep all of our office supplies.
Q: What does the man imply
M: I really enjoy the play. They did a great job with the scenery. I felt like I was back in the 20th century.
W: I wish you could say the same thing about the music.
Q: What does the woman imply
W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read the explanations at all.
M: Let me get my glasses. I know I just can’t do without it.
Q: What does the man mean
W: I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries.
M: Our company selects only the best. They have a heavy workload, and we give them a lot of responsibilities.
Q: What are the speakers talking about
W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes
M: My notes I’m afraid you may not be able to read my handwriting.
Q: What does the man imply
M: I’m taking my parents to the new restaurant for my mom’s birthday tonight.
W: I went there last weekend. I found it rather disappointing.
Q: What does the woman mean
W: I’m considering having my office redecorated.
M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from a designing academy, and will give a free estimate about how much it might cost.
Q: According to the man, what can his sister-in-law do for the woman
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.
Over the centuries, tea has been made in many different ways across the world. In the USA, until a little over a hundred years ago, dried tea was always sold and consumed as loose leaves. To make a drink, boiled water was poured over the tea leaves and left to stand while the water absorbed the flavor of the leaves.
In 1908, Thomas Sullivan, a New York tea salesman, had the bright idea of putting tea leaves in small silk bags to hand out as samples to potential customers. Sullivan intended the tea to be removed from the bags before making a drink in the conventional manner. However, for the sake of convenience, his customers came up with the revolutionary practice of dipping the silk bag, contents and all, into boiling water. Cheap paper bags were introduced in the 1920s, completing the design of the modern tea bag. Today billions of individual paper bags of tea are sold annually worldwide.
Now listen again.
Questions
11. What is the passage mainly about
12. What can be learned about tea consumption in the USA more than a hundred years ago
13. Which of the following was the final touch to the design of the modern tea bag
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
The brains of humans and dogs respond in the same way to sounds like laughter and barking. The finding suggests that our voice processing areas are passed down from a common ancestor. Attila Andics of the MECE Research Group in Budapest, Hungary, and his colleagues trained 11 dogs to lie in a scanner. As the dogs listened to nearly 200 human and dog noises, the team recorded brain activity. They also performed the same experiment on 22 humans. Animals are usually asleep for scans. But recently, better training has meant some dogs will lie still long enough to be scanned while awake. Andics is the first to compare humans and dogs in the same experiment.
Human and dog brains lit up in similar areas in response to the sounds. Dogs responded more to dog sounds, and humans more to human sounds. Andics says the results hint at a single evolutionary origin for the voice processing area of human and dog brains, dating back to at least 100 million years ago—the last time humans and dogs shared an ancestor.
But Clive Wynne of Arizona State University offers an alternative explanation. “The dogs’ responses could just be the result of a lifetime listening to human voices,” he says.
Now listen again.
Questions
14. What is the passage mainly about
15. What can be learned about the dogs in Attila Andics’ experiment
16. How does Clive Wynne explain Attila Andics’ finding
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Can I ask you about the museum in the main square I was reading about it in my guide book and was shocked to see that the entrance price is 10. Why does it cost so much
W: Well, the museum has the largest collection of Latin American art in Europe. But that’s not the reason why it’s so expensive to get in. You see, the building is very old and it needs repairs. The 10 ticket cost will go towards repairing the roof and the walls.
M: I see. Well, I suppose it’s worth paying 10 to see the collection.
W: Yes, I think so too.
M: By the way, I was wondering if you knew of any good restaurants in the area.
W: Is it for a special occasion
M: Yes, it’s my wife’s birthday so I’d like to go somewhere special.
W: Well, I know about a few of them, and there are pictures in this leaflet here. This one here is lovely, the Belleview. It has a famous chef, so it’s not cheap, but the standard of the food is very high. It’s right by the sea and there are wonderful views if you get a good table. Then there’s The Lighthouse Café—you can see the picture here—which isn’t really a café at all. In fact, it’s a great restaurant and a lot of TV celebrities and actors eat there. The place has been going for over a hundred years!
M: Mm. I’m not sure about those two—they sound too expensive to me. I was thinking of somewhere small but with good food.
W: In that case what about Harvey’s The same family has run this restaurant for over a century, and it’s reasonably priced and really popular with local people. And there’s another family-run restaurant, Stonecroft House. New owners took over a month ago and they’re getting good reviews. There’s a new chef there and the food is meant to be very good. This leaflet has the contact details for all the restaurants so you can just call them if you’d like to book a table.
M: Great, thanks. You’ve been very helpful.
Now listen again.
Questions
17. According to the woman, why does the museum ticket cost 10
18. Which restaurant is the one popular with TV celebrities and actors
19. What does the man say about the Belleview and the Lighthouse Café
20. Which of the following statements is true of the restaurants mentioned by the woman
That’s the end of listening comprehension.上海市紫竹院中学2023-2024学年
高二英语第二学期期中考试试卷
（满分 150 分，答题时间：130 分钟，答案一律写在答题纸上）
Part I
Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
A. A shop assistant. B. A doctor. C. A waiter. D. A travel guide.
A. At a gift shop. B. At a graduation ceremony.
C. In the office of a travel agency. D. In a school library.
A. He does not have a good memory.
He used to work in an IT company.
He declined a job offer from an IT company.
He is not interested in any part-time jobs.
A. The woman can search the box for printing paper.
He doesn’t know where the office supplies are.
The have already run out of printing paper.
The office supplies are far from enough.
A. She wishes she had seen the play.
The music wasn’t as good as the scenery.
The scenery could have been more realistic.
The actors in the play didn’t do so well.
A. The dictionary will be re-printed soon.
He can read the explanation for the woman.
The printing of the dictionary is just good.
He cannot read the explanation either.
A. Their heavy workload.
How to select secretaries.
How to improve work efficiency.
The secretaries in the man’s company.
A. The woman cannot figure out what is in his notes.
The woman should comment on his handwriting.
He is very pleased to be able to help.
He did not attend today’s classes.
A. The restaurant is a good place for birthday celebration.
The new restaurant caught her attention immediately.
The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
The man had better choose another restaurant.
A. Design her office without charging any fees.
Tell her how much the redecoration might cost.
Give her tips on which design academy to choose.
Confirm whether her office really needs redecorating.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
A. How tea bags gained popularity. B. How tea bags came into being.
C. How tea bags are made. D. How tea bags are sold.
A. Tea was consumed as loose leaves.
Tea was usually stored in small silk bags.
Tea had different flavors due to the added substances.
Tea was taken out after boiled water was poured over it.
A. Tea leaves being wrapped up by silk. B. Tea leaves being removed from the bags.
C. Silk bags being dipped into the water. D. Paper bags being introduced.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
A. Dogs respond to calls like humans.
Dogs and humans had a different ancestor
Dogs used to have a more complex brain system.
Dogs and humans make sounds in a similar way.
A. 22 dogs in all were involved in the experiment.
The dogs were all awake while they were being scanned.
The dogs were as sensitive to human sounds as to dog sounds.
The dogs listened to as many human noises as dog noises.
A. It may not have anything to do with evolution.
It provides evidence for dogs’ attachment to humans.
It proves that dogs have a sharp sense of sound.
It may not be supported by other experiments.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
A. The museum is old and needs repairing.
The museum is located in the main square.
The museum has been popular with global visitors.
The museum has a large collection of Latin American art.
A. The Belleview. B. The Lighthouse Café.
C. Harvey’s. D. Stonecroft House.
A. They are too expensive. B. They have a long history.
C. The provide good food. D. They are well-received by local people.
A. The Belleview has been there for over a century.
Harvey’s has just been taken over by new owners.
The Lighthouse Café is right by the sea.
Stonecroft House has a new chef.
Vocabulary Section A (20’)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used only once. Note that there is two words more than you need.
*(A)
A. absence B. applaud C. compose D. controversial
E. originality F. professional G. recognition H. sensation
I. square J. sustenance K. symbol L. tailor
The idea of teaching has always seemed both honorable and horrible to me(too much work, too little money, no ).
American people emphasize efficiency, competition and while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members.
Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they their presentation to each student.
I was so confused that I could hardly my thoughts.
The discovery caused a , people associate the sea eel with live animals, but also did not express any doubt.
However, these disorders often remain throughout life due to neglect or of specific kind of treatment.
“The armed forces’ performance has been outstanding and I their commitment, courage and professionalism,” he said.
Silk quickly grew into a of status, and originally, only the royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.
Scientists have known for a while when a body becomes starved for , cells start eating bits and pieces of themselves.
As a result, most of us end up choosing excellence over personal achievement, and often we lose ourselves in the process.
*(B)
A. arise B. grasp C. heritage D. imposition
E. interpretation F. landscape G. minority H. peculiarity
I. relevant L. subsistence K. restored J. resist
The great oral works transmitted a shared cultural , held in common not on bookshelves, but in brains.
Knowing as much information as possible can help us avoid making arbitrary decisions.
The of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown.
It seems that the recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political .
To avoid all that, farmers often retreat into farming or look for alternative livelihoods.
One method which can be adopted to curb the problems which out of unemployment among youths involves the providing of relief.
Working with native speakers can help us get a good of the language.
Following Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo, France’s Bourbon monarchy was , which was the first fragile step in a diminished state’s return to the family of European nations.
There is a wide range of things that actors can do with this role, and King Lear is widely acclaimed for its actors’ brilliant .
Though some Aboriginal Australians did —up to 20,000 indigenous people died in violent conflict on the colony’s frontier—most were subjugated by massacres and the impoverishment of their communities.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accidentally B. attacked C. average D. clearing
E. confirmed F. increasingly G. investigated H. preserve
I. sensing J. suspect K. tracking
*
The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes (部落) mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now 41
threatened by modern civilization.
Now, scientists discover they can monitor these “uncontacted tribes” using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe 42 of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats.
In order to help 43 these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting
individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could 44 spread disease to members of the tribes.
Instead, scientists 45 whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They 46 their locations and measured the sizes of their villages, houses and gardens. “We can find isolated villages with remote 47 and study them over time.” Walker told Live Science. “We can ask: Are they growing Do they move ”
Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on 48 , than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at 49 the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being
50 by outsiders, Walker said.
The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to “look at their ecology--that is, distance from rivers and roads--and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages,” Walker said.
Reading Comprehension Section A (30’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
When authoring his epitaph(墓志铭), Thomas Jefferson omitted his two terms as the nation’s third president yet included “Father of the University of Virginia.” The Founding Father spent the last
years of his life not in the (51) but instead pursuing one of his most treasured missions: it was creating the University of Virginia. As mastermind of the university’s architecture and curriculum, Jefferson assured that what he (52) was sound.
Jefferson personally designed and oversaw the (53) of what he would regard as an “academic village.” At the front and center of a tree-lined lawn area, Jefferson (54) positioned the Rotunda, a round brick building featuring classical Greek columns in front. The
domed(圆顶的) top of the Rotunda contained a library stocked with 7,000 books (55) by
Jefferson himself, while the area beneath included two floors of classrooms. At that time, such
noticeable placement of the Rotunda was a marked (56) from other universities’ designs, which generally featured chapels(小教堂) for the training of clergy(牧师).
(57) use of the grassy area in front of the Rotunda, Jefferson added ten two-story houses for teachers’ housing and connected them to student dormitories with colonnades, column- lined covered walkways. To keep teachers (58) while they were talking heated, Jefferson included dining halls in his design, referring to them as “hotels.”
In the spirit of his new nation, Jefferson introduced the notion of what we now call electives. Instead of a strictly dictated curriculum, students could (59) from ten academic disciplines. These disciplines were subject areas that (60) from ancient and modern languages to certain branches of science. To support the (61) components of the university’s curriculum,
Jefferson included a botanical garden, an experimental farm, and an observatory. (Not one to
(62) the slightest detail, Jefferson showcased the ten categories by placing a carefully chosen Roman symbol on each of the ten house.)
Although he didn’t live to see the full completion of the university’s construction, or
(63) the graduation of the first senior class, Jefferson ensured that the university, which would later be named a World Heritage site, (64) free choice in classes, respect for classical routes, and curiosity about the sciences.
Those principles are forever remembered in the last part of his epitaph, which, if stated differently, could easily have read “(65) visionary for all Americans.”
51. A. company B. school C. government D. library
52. A. figured out B. left behind C. carried on D. took over
53. A. construction B. decoration C. evolution D. launch
54. A. optimistically B. accidentally C. emotionally D. strategically
55. A. edited B. written C. chosen D. copied
56. A. absence B. departure C. prevention D. relief
57. A. Maximizing B. Denying C. Protecting D. Losing
58. A. turned to B. held up C. looked to D. fuelled up
59. A. select B. differ C. hear D. keep
60. A. dated B. ranged C. resulted D. borrowed
61. A. mathematics B. language C. science D. history
62. A. overlook B. notice C. hide D. explore
63. A. less B. rather C. else D. even
64. A. encouraged B. reformed C. questioned D. evaluated
65. A. personal B. academic C. professional D. economic
(B)
It is a human nature to hunt for what is beautiful, and we do so because beauty is appealing. I hold that the same is true of mathematics. Beauty -- or aesthetics(美学) more generally--is not just a
by-product of the (66) . It isn’t that you look back at the end of day and notice that a proof or definition is beautiful. It seems to be that beauty is an essential part of the (67) .
This is not to say that all mathematical work is beautiful. Some proofs are boring and long. Some require computer code and are difficult to check. And it is not clear that aesthetic experiences are
(68) .What is beautiful to a geometrician might not be to an algebraist. What was beautiful to you as a graduate student might not be after 20 years of research.
Although research on the nature of mathematical beauty is under way in several fields--such as philosophy, psychology and education--there are still many (69) questions. What do we mean by beauty Is it objective or subjective Can equations be beautiful in their own right, or must they be connected to some sort of visual or sensory (70)
Answers are beginning to (71) . For example, a recent study led by Semir Zeki at University College London involved scanning the brains of mathematicians while they viewed
different formulae(公式), such as Euler’s identity, eiπ+1=0, an equation rated as beautiful by the
participants. The scans showed that the (72) of mathematical beauty excited the same area of the brain as music or art.
Whatever we mean by the term “mathematical beauty” and how we judge it, there is no doubt that aesthetics plays a significant role in the working life of mathematicians. (73) , it is not obvious whether the beauty of mathematics can be conveyed at the school level, but this question is not one that has (74) a great deal of attention. (75) tend to be centred on a standard set of mathematical topics and processes. There has been little discussion of aesthetics, despite its (76) potential. A leading journal, Educational Studies in Mathematics, called mathematical aesthetics one of the most under-researched areas in the field.
The question for school mathematics is simply this: do we teach it without conveying its true
(77) Teaching maths just in terms of procedures such as practising sums is like teaching music through practising scales without ever (78) children to Beethoven.
When experiencing a moment of true mathematical understanding--(79) why something is so, or seeing how everything hangs together--you can feel a sense of meaningfulness, connection and purposefulness, just as you might with poetry or music.
Once you realise that mathematics is, in addition to its scientific values, an essentially aesthetic subject, you realise that teaching it to students without conveying its beauty might be to (80) the essence, the very life, of the subject.
66. A. subject B. thought C. evolution D. choice
67. A. process B. result C. field D. brain
68. A. helpful B. uniform C. varied D. necessary
69. A. private B. published C. recognized D. open
70. A. function B. evaluation C. comprehension D. representation
71. A. change B. persist C. emerge D. dissolve
72. A. ignorance B. experience C. recollection D. pursuit
73. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
74. A. distracted B. received C. required D. directed
A. Mathematical studies B. Aesthetical trainings
C. Educational goals D. School lessons
A. intellectual B. motivational C. artistic D. academic
A. symbol B. history C. nature D. prospect
A. accustoming B. exposing C. attaching D. drawing
A. grasping B. inquiring C. recalling D. predicting
A. justify B. observe C. miss D. correct
Section B (30’)
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Pablo Picasso was probably the most famous artist and one of the greatest creative minds of the 20th century. This great artist lived more artistic lifetimes than any of his peers. During his 75-year career, he produced thousands of works, not only paintings but also sculptures, prints, and ceramics, using a wide variety of materials. He almost single-handedly created modern art, changing art more profoundly than any other artist of his century.
Born in 1881, in Spain, Picasso was a child with great talents, completing the one-month qualifying examination for the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona in one day at the age of 14. After finishing his studies in Barcelona, the artist continued his training in Madrid but later returned to Barcelona. There began his “blue period”, so named for the dominant blue tones in the artist’s paintings. During this time, he moved frequently between Barcelona and Paris. In Paris, he spent his days studying the masterworks at the Louvre and his nights with other artists at night clubs, during which time he became fascinated with the circus world’s acrobats and wandering performers. This marked a radical change in color and mood for the artist. He began painting in subtle pinks and grays, often highlighted with brighter tones. This was known as his “rose period”.
The peak of Picasso’s creativity is evidenced in his pioneering role in Cubism. In 1907, he painted Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, a Cubist painting which changed 20th century art completely. In it, the artist and viewer look at the subjects from many different angles at the same time. Picasso and French painter Georges Braque were the leading figures of the Cubist movement. For Picasso, the 1920s were years of rich artistic exploration and great productivity. He designed theater sets and painted in Cubist, Classical styles. In the last decades of his life, he still experimented with new methods of printing and painted a series of variations of old master paintings. He died in France in 1973, at the age of 91. His powers of creativity and execution continue to astonish artists all over the world.
How are Picasso’s early paintings categorized
According to their subject matter.
According to where he lived and worked.
According to the colors he used.
According to the trainings he got.
What does the writer suggest in this passage
Picasso was accomplished in a number of media.
Picasso was primarily an accomplished painter and illustrator.
Picasso was an artist who was known for a limited number of works.
Picasso was an artist who had the longest life span.
What can we assume according to the passage
Picasso’s reputation exceeded other artists of the period.
Picasso was a solitary genius, unconnected to others of the period.
Picasso’s genius failed him in the later years of his life.
Picasso’s genius astonished artists all over the world after his death.
Why does the author write this passage
To explain the reasons for Picasso’s creativity.
To describe the major periods that marked Picasso’s artistry.
To compare Picasso with other painters and styles of the period.
To stimulate modern artists to learn from Picasso.
(B)
East is East and West is West. Western culture conditions people to think of themselves as independent entities. In contrast, Eastern cultures stress interdependence. Researchers use the terms East and West very roughly. West tends to mean Americans and people from independence-oriented European countries or Australia. East means East Asians, as well as much of the rest of the world.
In January, researchers led by Trey Hedden at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology showed that such deeply ingrained habits of thought affect the brains of East Asians and Americans even as they perform simple tasks that involve estimating the length of a line. Hedden’s experiment involved two tasks. In one, subjects eyeballed a line simply to estimate its length. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square. Brain scanners measure levels of neural activity by tracking blood flow. The experiment found that though there was no difference in performance, the level of activity in the subjects brains differed. Areas linked to attention lit up more in the Americans’ brains when they worked on the task they tend to find harder, estimating the line’s size relative to the square. In Asians, too, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task, estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. Brain findings like this may help people become aware of deep cultural differences that are normally “so much part of the water that we don’t see them,” Hedden said.
Such differences have turned up in experiment after experiment. For example, In one study, researchers offered people a picture of an elephant in the jungle. The research showed that the Westerner will focus on the elephant and the Easterner is going to be more thinking about the jungle scene that has the elephant in it.
So what applications does East-West brain research have for the real world Well, it could help to defuse tensions a bit between cross-cultural spouses, and provide guidance for students in business schools who are going to work in East-West trade. “Understanding cultural differences in the mind is really important as the world globalizes,” Hedden said. “There can be a lot of breakdowns in communication.”
The result from Hedden’s experiment is that .
Americans did better in the test.
Asians did better in the test.
Americans found it’s harder to estimate the line’s length when it’s next to the square.
Asians found it’s easier to estimate the line’s length without comparing it to the square.
What does Hedden mean by saying the difference are “so much part of the water that we don’t see them”(Line 12, Para. 2)
The difference are blending into the background so that we barely notice them.
The differences are as important as water.
The differences are mixed up, and it’s difficult for us to distinguish them.
The differences are starting to disappear.
What is the advantage of understanding the cultural differences between East and West
It will decrease the number of cross-cultural spouses.
It will cut down the communication between East and West.
It will help the students to see a lot of breakdowns in communication.
It will be helpful to the people who are willing to work in East-West trade.
(C)
It all began with an experience one of us (Arinzeh) had more than two decades ago. In 1991, a summer research experience at the University of California at Berkeley demonstrated how engineering could improve the lives of patients. Instead of working in a more traditional area such as automobile design, Arinzeh spent the summer after her junior year of college working in a rehabilitation laboratory.
Engineers there were designing new prosthetic(修复的) devices for patients who had lost limbs, and
new assistive devices to help paralyzed patients move. The engineers would then collaborate with clinicians at a rehabilitation center to test their developments. Before that summer she hadn’t connected traditional engineering principles with the opportunity to solve biomedical problems. But by the end of those short months, Arinzeh was hooked on the promise of using mechanical engineering to help people move better.
Tissue engineering, a budding field at that time, offered a chance to move beyond building prosthetics. Damage to musculoskeletal tissues, such as bone and cartilage, and nervous tissue, such as the spinal cord, can be debilitating and can severely limit a person’s quality of life. In addition, such tissues cannot fully regenerate after a severe injury or in response to disease. Tissue engineers aim to fully repair and regenerate that tissue so that it regains complete function, but at that time researchers still had a lot to learn about cells and their support structures to solve these problems.
The earliest successes were with skin, in which researchers used dermal cells to generate grafts, leading to the first commercial products in the late 1990s. Researchers imitate nature, using cells as
building blocks and developing strategies to guide the cells to form the appropriate tissue. Because stem cells(干细胞) are precursor(前身) to almost all tissue types, such cells are a promising source of these critical building blocks. But cells don’t grow and differentiate on their own. The cell’s
microenvironment can influence stem-cell function in critical ways. Engineered microenvironments, or scaffolds, can effectively promote stem cells and other cell types to form tissues. To construct such scaffolds, some important tools are what are called functional biomaterials. These materials respond to environmental changes such as PH, enzymatic activity, or mechanical load, and their composition can mimic or replicate components of native tissue.
One of us (Arinzeh) wanted to use functional biomaterials to create three-dimensional tissue-like
structures where cells can grow, proliferate( 增殖), and differentiate, ultimately forming and
regenerating tissue. Our group’s work started with bone studies in the 1990s, eventually moving into cartilage and the spinal cord over the past decade. The overall goal is to produce structures that could someday help patients struggling with severe injuries and movement disorders to move freely. For bone repair, our group has studied composite scaffolds consisting of polymers and ceramics that provide both mechanical and chemical cues to repair bone. Piezoelectric materials, which respond to mechanical stimuli by generating electrical activity, are used to encourage the growth of nerve tissue as well as cartilage and bone. Glycosaminoglycans(GACs), a major component of native cartilage tissue, provide growth factors to promote tissue formation, and Arinzeh has designed biomimetic scaffolds that incorporate these molecules. After all these years, the promise that seemed so enticing in 1991 is becoming a practical reality, with huge implications for human health.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
Before working with patients, Arinzeh was an automobile designer.
Since 1991, tissue engineering has been mainly applied to building prosthetics.
It’s hard for musculoskeletal tissues to fully recover from disease or injury.
In the late 1990s, the lack of knowledge about cells and their support structures prevented researchers from making any achievement in tissue engineering.
The underlined word “differentiate” is close in meaning to .
A. change B. divide C. alternate D. reproduce
“Scaffolds” are, in essence, .
tissues from one part of a person’s body used to repair another damaged part
stem cells and other cell types in an engineered microenvironment
structural support for damaged tissue repair
functional biomaterials to replace native tissues.
What can we learn about the study introduced above
It was inspired by the team members’ internship.
So far, the study has covered multiple musculoskeletal tissues, including bone, cartilage and nervous tissues.
The electrical activity caused by Piezoelectric materials will generate mechanical stimuli that encourage the growth of musculoskeletal tissues.
The researchers of this study are the best designers of modern tissue engineering.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
The Secret Garden – A Classical Novel about Hope and Redemption
The Secret Garden is a popular work of children’s literature. The novel is set in the early 1900s. The main character is Mary Lennox, a 10-year-old British girl. (92) Mary is then sent to live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, who owns a large estate in the countryside. At first, Mary is bored by the people she meets as well as the slow pace of rural life. One day, a maid tells Mary about a hidden garden that Mrs. Craven kept before her death. The tale of Mrs. Craven’s secret enclosure awakens Mary’s curiosity. She makes it her mission to find out more about the mysterious garden.
While exploring the property, she sees a robin resting on a mound of dirt. Mary digs through the soil and finds the key to the locked garden door. (93) She decides to do whatever it takes to bring the secret garden back to life.
Meanwhile, Mary starts to hear haunting cries on the estate at night. One evening, she follows the sounds and discovers Mr. Craven’s son, Colin. Mary learns that Colin is ill and can’t walk. (94)
Mr. Craven ordered his servants to care for Colin but would never visit because his son reminded him of his wife.
Mary and Colin become good friends. Mary convinces Colin that he can use his mind to overcome his illness. (95) There, they meet Ben Weather staff, one of Mr. Craven’s servants. They all decide to work together to restore the area. When their work is finished, they plan a surprise for Mr. Craven. He arrives at the garden and finds the flowers in bloom, just like they were when his wife was alive. More importantly, he’s overjoyed to learn that Colin has become a healthy boy. Their relationship is repaired, and they look forward to a brighter future.
Grammar (10’)
Part II
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Denmark’s Queen Margrethe II has announced her surprise abdication in a new year TV address. She will formally step down on 14 January, which will be 52 years to the day 1 she became queen. “I will leave the throne to my son, Crown Prince Frederik,” she announced.
Unlike British royal tradition, there will be no formal crowning ceremony for Crown Prince Frederik, 2 is 55. Instead, his accession will be announced from Amalienborg Castle in
Copenhagen on the day. He will take her place as King of Denmark and head of state in the country -
- which is a constitutional monarchy -- 3 3 3 in Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
Queen Margrethe revealed that she came to the decision after a period of reflection 4 (follow) surgery on her back in early 2023. “The surgery naturally gave rise to thinking about 5 the time had come to leave the responsibility to the next generation,” she said.
“Although the duty and position of regent 6 (hand) down for more than 1,000 years, it is still difficult to understand that the time has now come for a change of throne,” she said in a statement. Queen Margrethe is a popular figure in Denmark, and many Danes had expected her to remain on the throne until her death. “She is to us 7 Queen Elizabeth was to you,” Danish journalist Tine Gotzsche told the BBC.
Queen Margrethe attended the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022, and they celebrated their respective jubilees in the same year. She had not been expected to become Queen when she was born. But when she was 13, Danish law changed to allow women 8 (take) the throne. More than a decade ago, Queen Margrethe reflected that she was inspired by the late British Queen “that I understand that I must dedicate my life to my nation like she has done, and in that way she has been very important to me.”
Queen Margrethe is 9 (long)-serving monarch in Danish history, after surpassing King Christian IV, of Denmark and Norway. Gotzsche said the Danish royal transition is a moment of
10 (mix) celebration and sadness. “She has always been there, she has been ageing with all of us,” she said, but added: “the Crown Prince is in a very good position to take over, the succession is laid out -- it’s very logical, and it absolutely makes sense.”
Summary Writing (10’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other
large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.
Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich
and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species
are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.
Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.
The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take action and help the oceans function better.
Translation: (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
在很大程度上，科学研究就是一个不断试错的漫长过程。(extent)
如今，人工智能生成的报告非常受欢迎，因为这些报告能提供精准且深入的数据分析。
(demand)
尽管她还是一个高中生，她写的诗歌却显得非常成熟，让许多同学仰慕。(maturity)
为期四天的研学活动将会使我们受益良多，因为我们不仅能看到各种自然景色，也能学到多种野外生存技能来面对自然界的挑战。(face)

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