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选择性必修三Unit4英语限时训练
一 单句语法填空 （此题20个句子都来自Unit4课本重要句子的改编）
When I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he considered I was too young and wasn’t _____________(qualify).
To our disappointment, he lost his ____________(enthusiastic) for the sport after the accident.
During the tree Planting Day, our monitor assigned a specific task to each student, I was assigned ___________(dig) the pits and my deskmate’s assignment was to put soil into the pits.
The journey has not been easy. Endurance got _________(stick) in the icy as we approached Antarctica.
Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential____________(supply)---the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes and blankets.
Shortly after we arrived, Shackleton left us _________(find) help on South Georgia Island.
We aren’t supposed to ______________(abandon) to playing computer games, because it may ruin our lives.
The tramp had been ________(cruel) treated before she adopted him.
_________(fortune), we did sail off-course for a while, meaning we landed on the wrong side of South George Island.
So deep _______ the mountains look that I thought we might have to slide down them on our bottoms.
His story tells us that everyone can succeed as long as he tries, no matter _______ he was born poor or rich.
And he paid us back by his commitment ___________(save) us from a slow but painful death.
We are looking for cycling partners to join us for a trip to Zhangjiajie, and we are looking for people who are positive, full of vigour and highly________ (discipline).
_______(serve)with distinction, he helped build up defenses when our country was threatened by war.
It is _______(refresh) to think that there was once such a person who did not just speak wise words to live by, but who also put those words into practice during his own life.
Despite this, he worried this was not over yet and ______ things might still get worse.
Many of us became sick as well ______ the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.
That gave off _______(oil), black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
Under the ________(guide) of counselors, these students are placed in classes with teachers who have had success in working with similar young people.
20.We should face _________(adversity) with confidence, grow up in them with wisdom and overcome them with actions.
二 阅读理解
A
When I first heard about the improv(即兴表演) classes, I was torn. As an introvert, I feared getting on stage and improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D. , so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.
During our first class, we learned a core concept of improv: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and continue with the scene as if no him is wrong.
I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, “Mom is going to be so mad.” Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day. I finally landed on an answer: “Yes, we’re going to be late for dinner.” The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet and even started to enjoy our classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn’t police my words with quite so much effort. I also became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.
That training proved useful 6 months ago, when my experiments generated unreasonable data. Early on in graduate school, I would get stuck when this happened; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the possibility that the results were real, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my Ph.D. so far.
All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth investigating whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived(预想的) story. Our job is to say “yes, and.”
21. Why did the author take the improve classes
To improve her logical mind.
B. To finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. To develop her communication skills.
D. To pursue her interest in performance.
22. How did the author feel during the first scene
A. Conflicted. B. Bored. C. Discouraged. D. Embarrassed.
23. According to the author, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failures B. make a new discovery
C. make up for a mistake D. correct unreasonable data
24. What can we learn from this passage
A. The unknown can be an inspiration.
B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfortunate can be a chance.
D. The unusual can be decisive.
B
“Given that signs of Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) start to accumulate in the brain several decades before the disease begins, understanding the connection between sleep and cognition (认知) earlier in life is critical for understanding the role of sleep problems as a risk factor for the disease,” said study author Yue Leng, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco.
The study involved 526 people with an average age of 40. They were followed for 11 years. Researchers looked at participants’ sleep duration and quality. Participants wore a wrist activity monitor for three continuous days on two occasions approximately one year apart to calculate their averages. Participants slept for an average of six hours. Participants also reported bedtime and wake-up time in a sleep diary and completed a sleep quality survey with scores ranging from 0 to 21. A total of 239 people reported poor sleep with a score greater than five.
Researchers also looked at sleep fragmentation (碎片化), a measure of restlessness during the sleep period expressed as a percentage. The higher the value, the more sleep is interrupted. Participants were divided into three groups based on their sleep fragmentation score. Of the 175 people with the most interrupted sleep, 44 had poor cognitive performance 10 years later, compared to 10 of the 176 people with the least interrupted sleep.
After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, people who had the most interrupted sleep had more than twice the possibility of having poor cognitive performance when compared to those with the least interrupted sleep. There was no difference in cognitive performance at midlife for those in the middle group compared to the group with the least interrupted sleep.
However, due to the small sample size, the researchers were unable to fully investigate potential race or sex differences. “More research is needed to assess the link between sleep disturbances and cognition at different life stages and to identify if critical life periods exist when sleep is more strongly associated with cognition,” Leng said.
25. What do we know about Yue Leng’s study
A. Data collection was an easy process. B. It aimed to find a cure for Alzheimer’s.
C. The results were far from satisfactory. D. Higher scores mean poorer sleep quality.
26.What can we learn about sleep fragmentation in the study
It did require outside intervention.
It included a series of memory tests.
It measured short interruptions of sleep.
It determined those participants’ groups.
27. What do the findings indicate according to the text
The quality of sleep may affect cognitive health.
Keeping a sleep diary can improve one’s sleep quality.
People sleeping well won’t suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.
People with interrupted sleep won’t have memory problems.
28.What is the last paragraph mainly about
The major limitation of the study.
An explanation of the research method.
A possible reason for the study findings.
D. The use of careful investigations in real life.
C
The problem of food borne metal contamination (污染) has taken on new urgency, thanks in part to a 2021 US Congressional Report detailing high levels of metals found in baby food pulled off grocery shelves. More recently, high levels of lead (铅) were discovered in children’s fruit puree pouches. Now, two new studies provide information on the correlation between exposure to heavy metals in food and the risk of cancers and other serious health risks.
Food crops can absorb heavy metals from contaminated soil, air, and water. As a result, traces of dangerous heavy metals — lead, arsenic (砷) and cadmium (镉) — are found in common foods from rice and cereals to nuts and vegetables. Felicia Wu, Michigan State University food scientist, is leading several investigations to gain a better understanding of the health risks of heavy metal exposure.
In the studies, Wu and her colleague, gathered data on the dietary intake of each metal from various sources such as food and water samples and existing studies and reports. There searchers analysand the data to determine the strength of the association between dietary exposure and bad health effects. Both cancer and non-cancer health effects were considered.
Lead is a poisonous metal commonly found in old paint, water pipes, and contaminated soil. Food sources of lead include root vegetables like beets. In the study, lead showed moderate (中度的) to high risk scores for causing lung, kidney, bladder, stomach, and brain cancers. It also showed moderate to high scores for non-cancer risks.
Their initial estimates suggest that every year, more than 6, 000 additional cases of bladder and lung cancers and over 7, 000 cases of skin cancers can be attributed (归因于) to the consumption of inorganic arsenic in the United States. The researchers also found that certain food products can be associated with higher cancer risk than others. These include rice, wheat, and leafy green vegetables.
29. What do the new studies focus on
Food safety and children’s health.
Food crops and metal contamination.
Heavy metals and its danger extent.
D. Metal contamination in food and health risks.
30. Why do heavy metals exist in food
A. Food crops need metal to grow well.
B. Heavy metals are added by producers.
C. They can help with scientific research.
D. Food crops grow up in polluted conditions.
31. How did Wu and her colleague conduct their studies
A. By doing surveys online.
B. By analyzing data.
C. By performing experiments.
D. By referring to previous textbooks.
32. Which can best describe Wu’s findings
A. Dramatic. B. Alarming. C. Confusing. D. Awesome.
参考答案
qualified 2.enthusiasm 3.to dig 4.stuck 5.supplies 6.to find 7.be abandoned 8.cruelly9.Unfortuately10.did11.whether12.tosave13.disciplined14.Serving
15.refreshing.that17.from18.oily19.guidance 20.adversities
21-24. C A BB25-28. DCAA29-32. DD BB
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为提高自己的表达能力参加了一个即兴表演课程，在该课程中学习到了“是的，而且”原则，并将该原则应用到了自己的实验研究中，使得自己获得了意外的发现。
21. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.(然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学传播者，所以这似乎是提高我的口语能力和获得自信的绝佳机会。)”可知，作者想通过该课程提高口语能力和获得自信。故选C项。
22. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene.(当我表演我的第一场戏时，我体会到了这有多困难。)”以及作者心理活动的描写“Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day.(生气什么？我的脑子里涌现出各种想法，但我内心的批判者把它们都否决了。我们把车弄坏了？不，那太简单了。我们考试不及格？不，你不想让你的同学在第一天就觉得你很蠢。)”可知，作者进行第一场即兴表演时体会到了即兴表演其实很难，在同学提出了话题之后对接下来的表演感到不知所措，很矛盾。故选A项。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But then, after embracing the ‘yes, and’ concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected.(但是，在接受了“是的，而且”的概念之后，我没有气馁，而是继续探索数据，最终发现了一种新的细胞——一种不像预期的那样表现的细胞。)”可知，作者接受了“是的，而且”概念后，在做实验时没有气馁，继续探索，从而发现了一种新的细胞，即，这个概念帮助作者在实验中获得了新发现。故选B项。
24.推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived story. Our job is to say ‘yes, and.’(作为科学家，我们的工作不是生成支持一个先入为主的故事的数据。我们的工作是说“是的，而且。”)”可知，作者用自己的亲身经历讲述了“是的，而且”带给自己的体验：作为科学家应该接受不可预测，有可能会带来意想不到的收获。由此可推知，通过该文章可以推理出B项“The unexpected can be rewarding.(意想不到的事情可能是有益的。)”。故选B项。
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学的一项研究及其结论：早在中年时期，人的睡眠时长和质量就与认知表现相关。研究人员们还研究了睡眠碎片化和认知表现之间的关系。
25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A total of 239 people reported poor sleep with a score greater than five.(共有239人报告睡眠质量不佳，得分超过5分。)”可知，共有239人报告说他们睡眠不佳，他们的得分超过5分。由此可知，在Yue Leng的研究中，分值越高，睡眠质量越不好。故选D。
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Researchers also looked at sleep fragmentation, a measure of restlessness during the sleep period expressed as a percentage. The higher the value, the more sleep is interrupted.(研究人员还研究了睡眠碎片化，这是一种以百分比表示的睡眠期间不安的衡量标准。值越高，睡眠中断的次数就越多。)”可知，睡眠碎片化是一种用百分比表示的睡眠期间频繁唤醒状态的一种量度。数值越高，睡眠中断越多。也就是说睡眠碎片化可以测量睡眠中的短暂中断。故选C。
27. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, people who had the most interrupted sleep had more than twice the possibility of having poor cognitive performance when compared to those with the least interrupted sleep.(在调整了年龄、性别、种族和教育程度后，睡眠中断次数最多的人认知能力较差的可能性是睡眠中断次数最少的人的两倍多)”可知，在对年龄、性别、种族和受教育程度进行调整后，睡眠中断最严重的人与睡眠中断最少的人相比，认知表现不佳的概率是后者的两倍多。也就是睡眠质量可能会影响人的认知健康。故选A。
28. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However, due to the small sample size, the researchers were unable to fully investigate potential race or sex differences.(然而，由于样本量较小，研究人员无法充分调查潜在的种族或性别差异。)”和Leng所说的话“‘More research is needed to assess the link between sleep disturbances and cognition at different life stages…’(“需要更多的研究来评估睡眠障碍与不同生命阶段认知之间的联系……”)”可知，由于研究的样本量小，研究人员不能充分地调查潜在的种族或者性别差异。同时，也需要更多的研究来评估不同的人生阶段中睡眠障碍和认知能力之间的关系。由此可推断出，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究的局限性。故选A。
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物中重金属污染问题及其对健康造成的风险，包括铅、砷和镉等金属在食物中的含量和其对健康的影响，并指出某些食物产品比其他食物更容易导致癌症风险。
29.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, two new studies provide information on the correlation between exposure to heavy metals in food and the risk of cancers and other serious health risks. (现在，两项新的研究提供了接触食物中的重金属与患癌症和其他严重健康风险之间关系的信息)”可知，新研究关注的是食品中的金属污染与健康风险。故选D项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Food crops can absorb heavy metals from contaminated soil, air, and water.(粮食作物可以从受污染的土壤、空气和水中吸收重金属)”可知，食物中会存在重金属是因为生长在受污染的环境中，并吸收了重金属。故选D项
31.细节理解题。根据第三段中“There searchers analysand the data to determine the strength of the association between dietary exposure and bad health effects.(在那里，研究人员分析了数据，以确定饮食暴露与不良健康影响之间的联系强度)”可知，吴和她的同事通过分析数据的方式进行研究。故选B项。
32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Their initial estimates suggest that every year, more than 6, 000 additional cases of bladder and lung cancers and over 7, 000 cases of skin cancers can be attributed (归因于) to the consumption of inorganic arsenic in the United States. The researchers also found that certain food products can be associated with higher cancer risk than others. These include rice, wheat, and leafy green vegetables.(他们的初步估计表明，在美国，每年有6000多例膀胱癌和肺癌病例以及7000多例皮肤癌病例可归因于无机砷的摄入。研究人员还发现，某些食品可能比其他食品具有更高的癌症风险。这些蔬菜包括大米、小麦和绿叶蔬菜)”可知，吴的研究发现重金属污染问题已经非常严重，所以其研究发现令人感到担忧。故选B项。

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