资源简介

(共51张PPT)
第3讲　情态动词和虚拟语气
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
04
考点达标检测
情境导入
1.情态动词
Lucy is an outgoing lady.She can①play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually,she could② play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has to③ do some sports because she must④ keep slim.
“You shall⑤ get fat soon if you don’t take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.
As for her,an elegant lady should⑥try to keep fit.However,last week,she found that she might⑦ put on weight and she was worried and decided to lose weight.And these days she is always thinking that she may⑧ succeed soon if she tries all her best.However,she is always lacking in time because she ought to⑨ take care of her children.
One night after supper,she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park but she was late.On her way,she thought that the dancing must have begun⑩,and the coach could have taught or shown many new moves. She was afraid that her friends might have left before she got there.She was regretful then.She should have had supper earlier,or she could have taken a taxi,and indeed she needn’t have taken a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally,she found nobody was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.
用法感悟
1.①can和句②could表　　　　　,意为“　　　　　　”。
2.③have to 表示“　　　　　　”。强调　　　　　　　。
④must表　　　　　　,强调说话者的　　　　　　　。
3.⑤shall用于第　　　　人称,表示说话人给对方　　　　　　。
4.⑥should ⑨ought to表示“　　　　　　”。
5.⑧may ⑦might 表示　　　　　　　　,意为“　　　　　　”。
6.⑩must have done could have done might have done表示对过去所做事的　　　　　　。
7. 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　表示对过去所做事(没做的事)责备、后悔。
能力
能够
不得不
客观需要
必须
主观看法
二
允诺
应该
推测
可能
推测
should have done
could have done
needn’t have done
2.虚拟语气
My deskmate,Mary,treats me as if she were①my sister.She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat,she would look② like a super model.Last year,a doctor advised that she (should) eat③more vegetables and fruits.He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out④ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (should) walk⑤ to school.If she had followed the doctor’s advice,she would not be⑥so fat now.In other words,if the doctor had persuaded her to do so,she would not have become⑦overweight.
This morning,Mary’s mother bought her a new dress.It was really nice. But after she tried it on,she couldn’t help shouting,“If only I were⑧a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten⑨ so much junk food before!” Were I Mary,I would make⑩a weight loss plan.If I became overweight in the future,I would do sports every day.Now it is high time that she changed her lifestyle.Without a healthy lifestyle,she wouldn’t be able to lose weight.I would rather she went swimming with me,but she insists that water sports are not suitable for her.So it is necessary that she (should) walk to school.
用法感悟
1.根据句①可知,as if引导方式状语从句,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用　　　　　　。
were
2.(1)根据句②可知,表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词一律用were),主句的谓语用　　　　　　　　　　　　。
(2)根据句⑦可知,表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用
　　　　　　　,主句的谓语用would have+过去分词。
(3)根据句 可知,表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用
　　　　　　,主句的谓语用would+动词原形。
(4)句⑥为错综时间条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与　　　　　　相反,主句与　　　　　　相反。
(5)根据句⑩可知当省略if时,需要将　　　　　　　　　,should,had提到主语前,即部分倒装。
(6)根据句 可知本句为　　　　　　引起的含蓄条件句,可转换为if从句。
would+动词原形
过去完成时
过去式
过去
现在
were
without
3.(1)根据句③句⑤可知,在advise,insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“　　　　　　　　　　　　”。
(2)根据句 可知,insist意为“　　　　　　”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(3)根据句⑨可知,wish后的宾语从句表示过去的情况时,从句谓语用
　　　　　　　　。
(4)根据句 可知,would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用　　　　　来表示现在或将来的情况。
4.根据句④可知,suggestion后的同位语从句中,从句用“　　　　　　　　　”。
(should+)动词原形
坚持说
过去完成时
过去式
(should+)动词原形
5.根据句 可知,在“It is+necessary+that...”句型中,谓语动词用“　　　　　　　　　　　”。
6.根据句⑧可知,if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。与现在事实相反时,谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用　　　　　　。
7.根据句 可知,在“It is high time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用　　　　表示虚拟语气。
(should+)动词原形
were
过去式
考点解读
考点1 情态动词
一、情态动词的5个基本用法
(一)表示能力
1.表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able to。
2.表示将来的能力:will be able to。
3.表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can have enough money.
如果我有足够的钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
(二)表示可能和推测
1.表示肯定:can表示客观上的可能,意为“有时会”;may/might/could表示可能;must表示一定;should/ought to表示应该。
2.表示否定:can’t/couldn’t表示不可能;may not/might not表示可能不;shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表示应该不会。
3.表示疑问:can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.
在我的家乡,三月份通常很暖和,但有时也会很冷。
(三)表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任
1.请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I/we...
2.主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall I/we...
3.提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Would you... 或Shall he/she/they...
4.should/ought to表示义务或建议,意为“应该”,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表示不应该。
5.may/can表示允许、许可。
6.must表示必须,mustn’t表示禁止。
7.shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.(规定)我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
(四)表示必要性
1.must do sth表示主观上认为“必须做某事”;have to do sth表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。
2.needn’t/don’t have to表示“不必”。
You needn’t get the machine repaired this week.I won’t need it until next month.
这周你不必请人修理机器,我到下个月才用。
(五)表示愿望、决心
will/would可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为won’t,通常用于有生命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时把无生命体拟人化了。
—Why hasn’t the cook arrived yet today
—She just won’t come for such a low salary.
——为什么今天厨师还没来
——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
小题快练 单句写作
1.安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论,试图说服他改变主意,但西蒙不愿意听。
Angela reasoned with Simon,trying to persuade him to change his mind,but Simon 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.你不必道歉;任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。
You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;it can happen to anybody to be late.
Come and sit down.
3.如果您能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　if you could consider my suggestion.
would not listen to her
don’t have to apologize
would appreciate it
4.在这种情况下,如果说有什么话题最需要避免,那一定就是大家的收入。
Under the circumstances,if there is any topic that most needs avoiding,it
　 .
5.我奶奶已经七十多岁了,但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。
My grandma is over seventy,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
must be people’s income
she can still read without glasses
二、情态动词的6种特殊用法
1.can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。
2.can/could的否定式与enough或too(much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。
4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。
5.would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
6.should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。
I can’t thank him too much.
我再怎么感谢他也不为过。
—Must you interrupt now Can’t you see I’m on the phone
—Sorry,sir,but it’s urgent.
——你非得现在打断我吗 你没看见我在打电话吗
——对不起,先生,我有急事。
If you think the price of beef is too high,you may as well buy some pork.It’s up to you.
如果你认为牛肉的价格太高,你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。
He would get up early when he was in the country.
他住在乡下时常常早起。
小题快练 单句写作
1.做实验时你越仔细越好。
You 　　　　　　　　　　　　when doing experiments.
2.就我个人而言,你最好抓住这个机会,否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)
Personally I think you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,or you’ll probably never get another once you miss it.
3.我们很惊讶,他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)
We are surprised that his prediction about the experiment result
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
can not be too careful
may as well seize the chance
should be so precise
三、“情态动词+have done”的2类用法
(一)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做过……”;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句
may(might) have done “(过去)可能做过……”;语气不确定;用于肯定句或否定句
can(could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句,表示怀疑或不确定
(二)表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本来可以做某事但实际上没做
needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做
We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didn’t you tell me
我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我
Mark needn’t have hurried.Driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.
马克本不必着急。他开得飞快,早到了半小时。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.Your cousin 　　　　　　　　have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County,didn’t he He looks amazingly different.
2.The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could 　　　　　　　　　　(express) it indirectly.
3.This 　　　　　　have been an improvement,but “breakthrough” was an overstatement.
4.I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t 　　　　　　　　　　(eat) so much fried chicken just now.
5.You ought to 　　　　　　　　　　　　(come) to the party yesterday,but why didn’t you come
must
have expressed
may
have eaten
have come
考点2 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形
与将来事实相反 过去式/ should+动词原形/ were to+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 (had+过去分词) would/should/might/could have+过去分词
If he had time now,he would/should/could/might go with you.
要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would/should/could/might have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening,they would/should/could/might not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]三种特殊的虚拟条件从句
(1)省略if的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中,若省略if,则将should,were,had前置,构成主谓倒装句式。
Had I worked harder,I would have succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话,我就会成功的。
(2)错综时间条件句
主、从句表示时间不一致时,主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。
If she had followed the doctor’s words,she would feel better now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议,现在就会好多了。
(3)含蓄条件句
有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达,而是隐含在某些短语、连接词中,如without...,but for,otherwise,or等。
Without music (=If there were no music),the world would be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句以及其他句式中的应用
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
在“It is+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。
It’s vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.
重要的是我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安全驾驶。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我希望我现在年轻十岁。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我昨天能遇到他就好了。
I wish I would be a scientist in the future.
我希望将来成为科学家。
(2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有suggest,recommend,insist,order,require,advise,demand,command,ask,request,propose等。
He suggested that we (should) be there in time.
他建议我们及时到那儿。
[名师点津]①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
这人坚持说他没有偷钱。
(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
I would rather you told me the truth.
我宁愿你跟我讲真话。
I would rather you had been present then.
我倒愿意你当时在场。
3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在 suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(should+)动词原形”。
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他命令要热情款待客人。
(2)as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.
她看起来好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。
[名师点津]如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。
4.固定句式中的虚拟语气
(1)在“It is (about/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。
It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
(2)if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!
看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I 　　　　　　　　(go) there with them.
2.If he 　　　　　　　　(listen) to the teacher attentively yesterday,he would know the answer to the problem now.
3.Had you studied harder at college,you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(get) a better job now.
4.How I wish I 　　　　　　　　　　　　(not,try) to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.
would have gone
had listened
would/could get
hadn’t tried
5.My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life
　 　　 (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children.
6.Some animals are in danger of dying out,so it is high time that the government 　　　　(take) some measures to protect endangered animals.
(should) be encouraged
took
技法图解
【例1】 You 　　　　　　　never be too careful while driving.You know, many traffic accidents result from carelessness.
分析:结合第一条注意可知,句中be为原形,因此需考虑用情态动词。cannot/can never...to“无论……也不过分”,为固定短语。
【例2】 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I
　　　 　　(know) nothing about it.
分析:结合第二条注意可知,句中or为标志词,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用would have known。
can
would have known
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024广东六校模拟) The inscription(碑文)recorded the process of building the King of Medicine Temple in the county during the reign of Emperor Kangxi and 　　　　　　(describe) the grand occasions of temple fairs and humanistic stories at that time.
2.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟) China’s modernization process over the past four decades 　　　　　　　　(create) a new context where there is a partnership between the ancient and modern,generating something new and genuine.
3.(2024山西吕梁模拟) The 2023 Chinese Language Day
　　 　　　(celebrate) under the theme of “Chinese Wisdom for a Green World” by the UN.
described
has created
was celebrated
4.(2024广东湛江模拟)The book,Chinese Spirit in Movies:The Cinematic Tales Told to Children,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(prepare) and written over a period of three years,according to Huang Huilin,an experienced professor at the university who acted as the chief editor of the book.
5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)In 2016,two villagers 　　　　　　　(bite) by wild pigs in Qianshan,Anhui Province.
6.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)Behind Zibo’s sudden fame 　　　(be) the efforts and services of the local government,as well as a good reputation of local businesses,which receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
had been prepared/was prepared
were bitten
are
7.(2024河南焦作模拟) In 2010,Pinnick moved all the way to Wudang from the US when he was just 20 years old and 　　　　　　 (form) a deep connection with Wudang,martial arts and traditional Chinese culture ever since.
8.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟)This new technology 　　　　　　(be) as important then as the Internet is today for spreading knowledge and communication.
9.The suggestion that the new rule 　　　　　　　　　　　　(develop) came from the chairman.
10.It is high time that you 　　　　　　　(consider) that if there were no stress in your life,you would achieve a little.
has formed
was
(should) be developed
considered
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)第二天,我在颁奖典礼上被授予了奖项和证书。(一般过去时的被动语态)
2.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)我感到很自豪,我和我的父母分担了家务,这也表明我长大了。(过去完成时)
3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 万一可能的话,我真的希望你能考虑一下我的建议。(虚拟语气)
The next day,I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremony.
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents,which also showed I had grown up.
Should it be possible/If it should be possible,I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 对你的面试定在周日上午9点,希望你谈谈如何提高中国学生的英语沟通能力。(一般现在时的被动语态)
5.(2021全国乙卷,应用文写作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受学生欢迎。(现在完成进行时)
The interview with you is scheduled at 9 on Sunday morning and you are expected to talk about how to improve the Chinese students’ communication skills in English.
Founded 10 years ago,Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.
Ⅲ.语法填空(谓语动词专练)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. 　　　　　　(remind) me of myself.In the past,I 2.　　　　　　(be) never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However,someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.　　　　　(point) at me and laughed at me,I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
reminds
was
pointed
I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“You
4.　　　　　　(be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.　　　　　　(accept) you for who you 6.　　 　(be).But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you ” I
7. 　　　　　　　　　(inspire) by her words.Over the past few months,I
8.　　　 　　(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.　　　　　　(love) me for who I am.
Now,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li
10.　　　　　　(tell) me.
are
will accept
are
was inspired
have learned/learnt
love
told
解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。
1.reminds　根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时,又因为主语为第三人称单数,故答案为 reminds。
2.was　根据语境中的In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时,故答案为 was。
3.pointed　根据后面的laughed 可知设空处为 pointed。
4.are　本句为直接引语,故用一般现在时。
5.will accept　结合下文的“then how will other people accept you”可知答案为 will accept。
6.are　由上下文语境可知应填are。
7.was inspired　设空处表示过去的事情且主语与 inspire 为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8.have learned/learnt　根据前面的 Over the past few months 可知设空处用现在完成时。
9.love　“who 　　　(love)me for who I am”为定语从句,先行词为 friends且设空处说的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时,故答案为 love。
10.told　“Miss Li 　　　(tell)me”为定语从句,设空处表示过去的事情,故用一般过去时。

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