2024届高考英语常考否定前缀学案(含答案)

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2024届高考英语常考否定前缀学案(含答案)

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高考常考否定前缀
一、常考否定前缀
1. -im 前缀通常加在p或m开头的词前
polite—impolite—impolitely (有礼貌的—无礼貌的—无礼貌地)
possible—impossible—impossibly—impossibility (可能的—不可能的—不可能的事;不可能性)
patient—impatient—impatiently—impatience(耐心的—不耐心的;不耐烦的—不耐烦地—不耐烦
perfect—imperfect—imperfectly(完美的;完好的—有缺点的;未完成的—有缺点地)
proper—improper—improperly(真正的;正确的—不正确的;错误的—不适当地;错误地)
moral—immoral (道德的—不道德的)
2. -in 前缀常加在名词、形容词或副词前
accurate—inaccurate (准确的;精确的—不准确的;不精确的)
correct—incorrect—incorrectly(正确的—不正确的—不正确地)
formal—informal—informally (正式的;规范的—非正式的;不规范的—非正式地;不拘礼节地)
complete—incomplete—incompletely (完整的;完全的—不完整的;不完全的—不完全地)
comparable—incomparable (可比较的;类似的—无比的)
active—inactive(活跃的;积极的;主动的—不活跃的;不积极的;不主动的)
dependent—independent—independence (依赖的;依靠的—独立的—独立;自主)
visible—invisible(看得见的;明显的—看不见的;无形的)
valuable—invaluable (值钱的;贵重的—无价的 极宝贵的)
justice—injustice (公平;正义;公道—不公平;不正义;不公道)
expensive—inexpensive(贵的—便宜的)
experienced—inexperienced(有经验的—无经验的;不熟练的)
3. -il 前缀常加在l开头的词前:
legal—illegal(法律允许的;合法的—非法的;违法的)
4. -ir 前缀常加在r开头的词前
regular—irregular—irregularly(定期的;有规律的;经常的—不定期的;无规律的—不规则地;不定期地)
responsible—irresponsible—irresponsibly(负责的;可靠的—不负责任的;不可靠的—不负责任地)
replaceable—irreplaceable (可替换的;可代替的—不可替代的)
5. -dis 前缀常见于形容词、动词、名词前
able—disabled—disability (能够;有能力的—丧失能力的;残疾的—残疾;无能)
believe—disbelieve—disbelief(相信;不信;怀疑—怀疑;不信)
honest—dishonest—dishonesty(诚实的;正直的—不诚实的;不正直的—不诚实;欺诈)
agree—disagree—disagreement(同意—不同意;有分歧—分歧;争论)
appear—disappear—disappearance(出现;露面—消失—消失)
comfort—discomfort(安慰;(使)舒服—不适;不安;使不舒服)
like—dislike(喜欢—不喜欢)
advantage—disadvantage(有利条件;优势;长处—不利条件;劣势;短处)
courage—discourage—discouragement(勇气;胆量—使泄气;使灰心—气馁;挫折)
order—disorder (顺序;条理—混乱;无序;杂乱)
6. -mis 前缀常见于动词和名词前
take—mistake(取;拿—犯错误;误会)
understand—misunderstand—misunderstanding(理解;明白—误解;误会—误解;误会)
fortune—misfortune (命运;好运;财富—厄运 倒霉 不幸)
treatment—mistreatment(对待;处理;治疗—虐待;误治)
7. -un 前缀常在形容词,副词、名词前:
avoidable—unavoidable(可避免的;可回避的—不可避免的)
able—unable(能干的;有能力的—不能胜任的;不能的)
employed—unemployed—unemployment (被雇佣的;就业的—未被雇佣的;失业的—失业;失业人数/率)
happy—unhappy—unhappily—unhappiness(高兴的;幸福的—不快乐的;不幸福的—不幸;苦恼)
fortunate—unfortunate—unfortunately(幸运的;吉祥的—不幸的;令人遗憾的—不幸地;遗憾地)
comfortable—uncomfortable—uncomfortably(舒服的;安逸的—感到不舒服的;令人不舒服的—不舒适地;不自在地)
clear—unclear(清楚的;明白的;明显的—不清楚的;不明白的;不明显的)
believable—unbelievable(可信的—不可信的;不真实的)
certain—uncertain—uncertainly—uncertainty(必然的;必定的;确定的—犹豫的;不确定的—犹豫地;不确定地—犹豫;无把握)
known—unknown(已知的;发现的;著名的—未知的;不出名的)
friendly—unfriendly(友好的;亲切 —不友好的;不利的)
fair—unfair—unfairly(公平的;合理的—不公平 ;不合理的—不公平地;不合理地)
fit—unfit(健康的;合适的—不合适的;不健康的)
finished—unfinished(完成的;结束了的—未完成的)
healthy—unhealthy—unhealthily(健康的—不健康的—不健康地;有病地)
like—unlike—unlikely(像—不像—不可能的)
important—unimportant—unimportantly—unimportance(重要的;重大的—不重要的;琐碎的—不重要地;无关紧要地—不足道;不重要)
necessary—unnecessary—unnecessarily(必要的;必须的必然的—不必要的;多余的—不必要地;多余地)
predictable—unpredictable(可预测的;可预料的—不可预测的;不可预料的)
pleasant—unpleasant—unpleasantly(令人愉快的;惬意的—令人不快的;不舒服的—令人不快地—不讨人喜欢地)
willing—unwilling—unwillingly—unwillingness(愿意的;心甘情愿的—不愿意的;不情愿的—不愿意地;不情愿地—不愿意;不情愿)
true—untrue—untruth(真实的;真正的—不真实的;不正确的—虚假;不真实)
usual—unusual—unusually(通常的;惯常的—不寻常的;罕见的—特别地;非常地)
welcome—unwelcome (受欢迎的;令人愉快的—不受欢迎的;讨厌的)
8. -non前缀
stop—non-stop (停止—不停的;不间断的;直达的)
smoking—non-smoking (吸烟;冒烟—不吸烟的 禁止吸烟的)
cooperation—noncooperation (合作—不合作)
profit—nonprofit (利润;利益;好处—非营利的)
nuclear—nonnuclear (原子核的—非核的)
verbal—nonverbal(口头的;非书面的—非语言的)
violent—nonviolent—nonviolence(暴力的;剧烈的—非暴力的;不剧烈的—非暴力)
fiction—nonfiction (小说;虚构的事—非小说类作品;纪实文学)
9. -ab前缀
normal—abnormal (正常的;标准的;健康的—不正常的;反常的 ;畸形的)
use—abuse(使用—虐待;滥用)
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 由于方向感差,伊娃发现在这么大的大楼里走动是不可能的。
(2024·浙江1月卷) Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it _____________ to get around in such a huge building.
2. 我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态,当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对环境失去耐心。
(2023·全国甲卷) So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get ___________ about the circumstances.
3. 然而,因为他们通常是给家人和朋友写信,所以他们大部分时间都使用非正式的语言。
(2022·浙江卷) However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use ___________ language most of the time.
4. 他们首先找到了10名超重且不爱运动但其他方面都很健康的年轻人,他们的生活方式无论好坏,都代表了我们大多数人的生活方式。
(2020·江苏卷) They first found 10 overweight and ___________ but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.
5. 他进行的估计实验表明,在某些情况下,大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确。
(2023 新高考I卷) The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of __________ estimates could be quite accurate.
6. 在这个过程中,同样的父母最终会成为团队中及其宝贵的一员。
(2019 全国II卷) Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an ___________ member of the team.
7. 人类不愿意承认自己的缺点。
(2023·北京卷)Humans are _________ to admit their shortcomings.
8. 一家监督电影娱乐中动物待遇的非营利组织今年对2000多部电影进行了密切关注。
(2020·全国III卷) One __________ organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.
9. 当你第一次想写文章的时候,把笔放在纸上,不间断地写10到15分钟,不要让笔离开纸。
(2022·全国II卷)When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write __________ for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.
10. 如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园,但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。
(2023·新课标II卷) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s __________ to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
11. 如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情将发展成一个不愉快的场面,从而毁了每个人的一天。
(2020·全国III卷) If you do, you won’ be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an __________ scene and that ruins everyone’s day.
12. 许多实验排除了孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性。
(2022·全国乙卷) A number of experiments ruled out that the children __________ what they were being asked.
13. 我的故事将直接来自可靠的人。它不是个好主意,但很有趣;而且不太可能是别人的选择。
(2023 新课标I卷) My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and __________ to be anyone else’s choice.
14. 谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢?即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好。
(2021·全国II卷) Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day Even a formal email can seem cold and __________
15. 几年后,Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
(2020 新课标I卷) A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the __________ of the Aral Sea.
16. 我们发现,只从外观来判断你吃要吃的东西是不明智的。
(2024·浙江1月卷)What we discovered is that it’s __________ to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
17. 为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。
(2023 新高考I卷)Taking responsibility for __________ is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them.
18. 与他们中的大多数人不同,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。
(2022·全国II卷)__________ most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it full-time.
19. 我在他的腰上系了一根绳子,让他靠近我们的地点。大约持续了十分钟。他很不舒服,他的哭声让整个露营地都知道了这一点。
(2022·新课标I卷) I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was __________, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
20. 我拼命地想请我前面的那个男孩给我推荐一下。不幸的是,我们之间存在着语言障碍。
(2022·浙江卷)I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. __________, between us stood the barrier of language.
二、猜测划线词词义
1. (2022·全国II卷)The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.
2. (2021·浙江1月卷) Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.
3. (2022·全国甲卷) I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
4. (2012·新高考全国II卷)He is inexperienced in using robots.
5. (2023·新课标II卷) The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
6. (2020·天津卷) It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.
7. (2020·天津卷) After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent.
8. (2024·浙江1月卷) And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.
9. (2024·浙江1月卷)You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
10. (2024·浙江1月卷)With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
11. As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential.
12. (2023·浙江1月卷)A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.
13. (2021·全国II卷)The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species (物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.
答案

1. impossible 2. impatient 3. informal 4. inactive 5. independent 6. invaluable 7. unwilling 8. nonprofit 9. nonstop 10. unusual 11. unpleasant 12. misunderstood 13. unlikely 14. unfriendly 15. disappearance 16. unwise 17. mistakes 18. Unlike 19. uncomfortable 20 Unfortunately
二、1. 无文字的 2. 非语言的 3. 违反 4. 无经验的 5. 平安的 6. 使失去能力;使残疾 7. 不满足 8. 无与伦比的;无法打败的 9. 无法忍受的 10. 不潇洒的;不时髦的 11. 误导 12. 不相关的 13. 肺本地的;肺原生的

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