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《备战2024年高考英语二轮真题零失误规范训练》（北京专用）
专题17 阅读表达3年真题+最新模拟15篇 （技能+真题+模拟）
原卷版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 4
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读表达题兼有阅读理解和书面表达特征，首先重视设问，避免“答非所问”。
二、注意落实“题干-原文-答案”三对照，力求“形意兼顾”，逻辑通顺。
三、重视“原文定位”和“同义替换”技巧，抠细节，抓落实，通语法。
四、做后反思，结合参考答案，举一反三，完善答案，提升“书面表达”能力。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1．How are habits built
2．In what way is a routine different from a habit
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
5．What did Tom witness at his own school
6．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
8．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
9．According to this passage，what is arguing？
10．Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
12．In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
（2024·北京海淀·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums(鱼缸) at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life.
David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot.
Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took.
The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.
Years after that project, I was snorkeling(潜水) on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.
1．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment
2．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation.
4．What can help you see the world anew (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages. They include movement of hands, face, or other parts of the body. Gestures benefit our lives a lot. Take language learning.
In some languages, certain syllables (音节) within words are pronounced with markedly more weight than others, called lexical stress. Languages such as English commonly feature lexical stress. For example, the word “accent” involves more emphasis on the first syllable, “ac”, than the second, “cent”. Native speakers of Chinese, however, don’t use lexical stress and therefore find it difficult to learn languages that feature it.
Making any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress, which has been proved by Xing Tian’s team. They selected 124 native Chinese speakers, who watched videos of people performing hand movements that were synced(同步的) to recordings of the same English words. In addition, they also found when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it.
The research involved several experiments, which makes it difficult to combine the results. Nevertheless, Tian estimates that the use of gestures helped identify lexical stress between 10 and 15 percent more accurately compared with no gestures at all, and how much help depends on the nature of gestures.
A follow-up study conducted by another team exposed the same Chinese speakers to Russian words and got similar results. “Our findings highlight the functional role of gestures in enhancing speech learning, suggesting practical strategies for language teaching and learning,” the researchers write in their paper.
The benefits of gestures extend far beyond teaching and learning. Since gestures are deeply integrated into our daily lives, they deserve more of our attention.
5．What do gestures mean
6．What did Xing Tian’s team find in their study
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree to which they help depends on the complexity of the lexical stress.
8．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, how do gestures benefit you in your life (In about 40words)
（2024·北京房山·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
As the saying goes, “time waits for no man”. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it. Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments. But if timekeeping is not what you’re good at, don’t stress. There might be a good reason for your lack of punctuality.
People’s attitudes to being on time vary. Some clock-watch and make sure they’re bang on time for a meeting. It is, after all, rude to be late, and if you can make it on time, why can’t everyone else But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have available. However, when your schedule doesn’t run to plan, your punctuality inevitably slips.
People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”. Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “they’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.” They assume their journey to an appointment will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time!
Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative — even if sometimes wrong. Experts say: Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking. It is also possible people are late so not to be conspicuous and to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.
Maybe we latecomers should make more of an effort and follow the advice I heard to not “try” to be on time but “decide” to be on time.
9．What does “time benders” refer to
10．What are the personality characteristics of time benders
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t care about being late so they don’t allow enough time.
12．What do you usually do to be on time (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京东城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two.
When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later.
But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments.
But this isn’t conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control I don’t think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings.
13．According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes
14．What was the purpose of the 2022 study
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
16．Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京石景山·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Winning a significant science award is a big deal, especially if you are 12 years old. But Marine Gill, a girl from Fresno, California, won the top award in the Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge (SIIC) for designing a fire detection system superior to existing ones.
Marine’s inspiration came from a fire that destroyed a restaurant in her neighbourhood during the spring of 2023. “I had never really experienced something like that before,” she told The Washington Post about the early morning fire, which started in the kitchen. “They had smoke detecting device(设备), and yet it still burned down.”
After she studied fire statistics, Marine spent over half a year developing a fire detection system that could have prevented the fire. Unlike traditional smoke detectors that sense active fires from the smoke in the air, Marine’s thermal(热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.
With a thermal camera and a tiny computer, the device detects when a heat source has been left unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message warning. The hardest part was the programming. “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed. It was a really big challenge I had to go through,” she said. The final device outperforms traditional smoke detectors in speed and accuracy. Marine wants to bring the costs down to make it even more common than hardwired smoke detectors.
“The top winners have , exhibited boundless possibility,” Maya Franklin, president of Society for Science, said in the press release. “Their remarkable research not only reflects their talent but also puts a stepping stone to an exciting new future.”
17．What design won Marine Gill the top award in the SJIC
18．From where did Marine draw inspiration for the design
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Unlike traditional smoke detectors, Marine’s thermal imaging device is designed to sense active fires from the smoke in the air.
20．What is the main quality that has made Marine a top winner Why (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school, Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and interacted with each other. Gradually, she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her, laughing at their jokes, nodding in agreement with their opinions, hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her to be. We’ve all done these. This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” While masking can help us deal with social situations, it can also come with negative consequences. Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation, disconnection, and internal conflict. As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.
Fortunately, a mask is not our own skin. We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves. “The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,” says Tait. “It’s crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are, rather than feeling like they need to hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
21．What is social masking
22．Why do many of us rely on social masking
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
24．In addition to masking, what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京西城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
25．What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find
26．How did the National Trust conduct the study
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood.
28．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think.
Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.
Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.
29．Who may be the first consumers of jeans
30．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
32．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans (In about 40 words)
（2024·北京延庆·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that being anxious is a normal part of life, we can
use it to our benefit.
Anxiety can help build our emotional strength. If we want to build emotional strength, we need to face some degree of mental stress. Of course, unpleasant and abuse tend to cause more harm than good, but the experience of occasional anxiety, stress, and tension substantially increases our emotional courage.
Anxiety can increase your emotional connection. Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection.
Anxiety can help us rebalance. When we feel genuinely anxious because of stress, it’s our body’s way of telling us to rebalance. Nobody is truly limitless. When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious.
Anxiety can be a healthy, helpful emotion that is a constructive aspect of human life. When it comes to occasional experience of anxiety, it can emotionally help boost our courage. It can also build up emotional connect ion when we express our sensitive feelings to others. And in the form of stress, it can serve as an internal indicator to remain balanced and healthy. Now it’s high time we started putting it to good use．
33．Why is anxiety not deadly
34．When can anxiety increase our emotional connection
35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious．
36．As a student, how do you make use of test anxiety to help you be better prepared for exams (In about 40 words)
（2023·北京·三模）阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt
for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry.
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.
Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.
Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says.
37．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry
38．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.
40．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words)
（2023·北京·三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.”
“I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
41．What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics
42．What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
44．Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
（2023·北京·三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to
work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best They put forward many theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group performance.
45．What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence
46．Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence
47．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.
48．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence (In about 40 words)
（2023·北京·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London
Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
49．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement
50．Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing
51．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
52．Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgements Why or why not (In about 40 words)
（2023·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and-most urgent of all-the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover.
Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I’d set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.
But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intent, my thoughts began to shift. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person.
By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I’m a nice person.
It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.
When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values.
Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it’s kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home.
53．How did the author feel when she compared her to-do list with her got-done list
54．What is values affirmation
55．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more
56．Apart from speaking out positive words, what else could you do to feel better about yourself (In about 40 words)
（2023·北京海淀·三模）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
The Weight of White Lies
A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine.
Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.
In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D．candidate at the University of California, San Diego.
Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts.
People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.”
In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second.
57．What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)
58．What are the ways to kindly deceive others
59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.
60．Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant Why (In about 40 words)《备战2024年高考英语二轮真题零失误规范训练》（北京专用）
专题17 阅读表达3年真题+最新模拟15篇 （技能+真题+模拟）
解析版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 7
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读表达题兼有阅读理解和书面表达特征，首先重视设问，避免“答非所问”。
二、注意落实“题干-原文-答案”三对照，力求“形意兼顾”，逻辑通顺。
三、重视“原文定位”和“同义替换”技巧，抠细节，抓落实，通语法。
四、做后反思，结合参考答案，举一反三，完善答案，提升“书面表达”能力。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1．How are habits built
2．In what way is a routine different from a habit
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
1．Habits are built through learning and repetition.
2．A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.
3．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.
4．I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a
shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。
4．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
5．What did Tom witness at his own school
6．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
8．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
5．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
6．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 7．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
8．I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
7．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
8．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages
off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
9．According to this passage，what is arguing？
10．Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
12．In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
9．Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
10．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
11．Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
12．Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better .
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
11．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
12．考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。
故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better .
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
（2024·北京海淀·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums(鱼缸) at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life.
David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot.
Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took.
The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.
Years after that project, I was snorkeling(潜水) on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.
1．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment
2．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation.
4．What can help you see the world anew (In about 40 words)
【答案】1．The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph. 2．Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography. 3．Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew. 4．Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲作者回忆自己年轻时协助摄影师David Liittschwager拍摄海洋生物的经历，通过David拍摄的鱼的照片，意识到摄影可以扩展视觉感知，让人重新看待世界，后来作者潜水时再次遇到小鱼，有了新的认知。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的“My role was to collect species for him to photograph.(我的职责是收集物种供他拍摄)”可知，作者的职责是为大卫收集物种供他拍摄。故答案为The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph.
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段的“But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.(但大卫对这条比目鱼的照片揭示了一个宇宙的细节，甚至是我热切的眼睛都错过了。他的微距镜头放大了它的肋骨。闪电般的曝光冻结了它的运动。一束精确瞄准的光释放了隐藏在它皮肤里的彩虹。黑色的背景消除了所有的干扰，使我们的注意力集中在眼前
的宁静之美)”可知，大卫拍摄的照片揭示了作者错过的许多细节，展现了摄影的魅力，这让作者感到惊喜。故答案为Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography.
3．考查细节理解。从最后一段的“Years after that project, I was snorkeling on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.(在那个项目几年后，我在一个浅滩上浮潜。黑暗中，另一条小比目鱼出现在我的面具上。这次我知道该找什么了。在为大卫工作之前，我一直认为摄影的目的仅仅是再现观察结果，这样其他人就可以分享同样的经历。我从来没有想过摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，从而教会我们重新看待世界)”可知，作者意识到摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，让我们重新看待世界，而不只是简单地再现一个观察结果。故答案为Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew.
4．开放题。要求考生谈谈“什么能帮助你重新看待世界？”考生言之有理即可，例如“通过不同的视角看待世界，体验新的文化，了解不同的想法和信仰，进行有意义的对话，去新的地方旅行，对变化和成长持开放态度，这些都可以帮助你重新看待世界”。故答案为Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew.
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages. They include movement of hands, face, or other parts of the body. Gestures benefit our lives a lot. Take language learning.
In some languages, certain syllables (音节) within words are pronounced with markedly more weight than others, called lexical stress. Languages such as English commonly feature lexical stress. For example, the word “accent” involves more emphasis on the first syllable, “ac”, than the second, “cent”. Native speakers of Chinese, however, don’t use lexical stress and therefore find it difficult to learn languages that feature it.
Making any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress, which has been proved by Xing Tian’s team. They selected 124 native Chinese speakers, who watched videos of people performing hand movements that
were synced(同步的) to recordings of the same English words. In addition, they also found when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it.
The research involved several experiments, which makes it difficult to combine the results. Nevertheless, Tian estimates that the use of gestures helped identify lexical stress between 10 and 15 percent more accurately compared with no gestures at all, and how much help depends on the nature of gestures.
A follow-up study conducted by another team exposed the same Chinese speakers to Russian words and got similar results. “Our findings highlight the functional role of gestures in enhancing speech learning, suggesting practical strategies for language teaching and learning,” the researchers write in their paper.
The benefits of gestures extend far beyond teaching and learning. Since gestures are deeply integrated into our daily lives, they deserve more of our attention.
5．What do gestures mean
6．What did Xing Tian’s team find in their study
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree to which they help depends on the complexity of the lexical stress.
8．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, how do gestures benefit you in your life (In about 40words)
【答案】5．Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages. 6．Any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress. Besides, when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it. 7．Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree to which they help depends on the complexity of the lexical stress.
Gestures help learn lexical stress, but how much help depends on the nature of gestures. 8．Gestures make it easy for me to convey feelings and better connect with others. For example, when I want to express excitement, waving my hands or nodding vigorously can help me communicate the emotion effectively. That also allows me to build stronger relationships with others.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是手势语，手势语在语言学习中的重要性。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages.(手势指的是用可见的身体动作来传达重要信息的交流方式)”可知，手势指的是用可见的身体动作来传达重要信息的交流方式。故填Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages.
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Making any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress, which has been proved by Xing Tian’s team.(做任何手势都可以帮助学习者识别词汇重音，Xing Tian的团队已经证明了这一点)”及“In addition, they also found when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it.(此外，他们还发现，当更明显的手势与重读音节相匹配时，参与者特别擅长识别它)”可知，Xing Tian的团队发现：任何手势都可以帮助学习者识别词汇重音。此外，当更明显的手势与重读音节相匹配时，参与者特别擅长识别它。故填Any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress. Besides, when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it.
7．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Tian estimates that the use of gestures helped identify lexical stress between 10 and 15 percent more accurately compared with no gestures at all, and how much help depends on the nature of gestures.(Tian教授估计，与完全不使用手势相比，使用手势识别单词重音的准确率提高了10%到15%，而有多大的帮助取决于手势的性质)”可知，第一句中最后of the lexical stress错误，手势有助于学习单词重音，但有多大的帮助取决于“手势的性质（the nature of gestures）”，而不是“词汇重音（the lexical stress）”。故填Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree to which they help depends on the complexity of the lexical stress./Gestures help learn lexical stress, but how much help depends on the nature of gestures.
8．考查推理判断。根据文章第一段“Take language learning.(以学习为例)”及最后一段“The benefits of gestures extend far beyond teaching and learning. Since gestures are deeply integrated into our daily lives, they deserve more of our attention.(手势的好处远远超出了教和学。由于手势深深地融入了我们的日常生活，它们值得我们更多的关注)”并结合全文可知，文章介绍了什么是手势语，手势语在教与学中的重要性，此外，还可以从“手势语可以帮助我们更好的表达情感，与他人交流”方面进行举例说明，例如，当我想表达兴奋时，大力挥手或点头可以帮助我有效地传达情绪。这也让我与他人建立了更牢固的关系。故填Gestures make it easy for me to convey feelings and better connect with others. For example, when I want to express excitement, waving my hands or nodding vigorously can help me communicate the emotion effectively. That also allows me to build stronger relationships with others.
（2024·北京房山·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
As the saying goes, “time waits for no man”. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it. Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments. But if timekeeping is not what you’re good at, don’t stress.
There might be a good reason for your lack of punctuality.
People’s attitudes to being on time vary. Some clock-watch and make sure they’re bang on time for a meeting. It is, after all, rude to be late, and if you can make it on time, why can’t everyone else But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have available. However, when your schedule doesn’t run to plan, your punctuality inevitably slips.
People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”. Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “they’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.” They assume their journey to an appointment will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time!
Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative — even if sometimes wrong. Experts say: Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking. It is also possible people are late so not to be conspicuous and to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.
Maybe we latecomers should make more of an effort and follow the advice I heard to not “try” to be on time but “decide” to be on time.
9．What does “time benders” refer to
10．What are the personality characteristics of time benders
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t care about being late so they don’t allow enough time.
12．What do you usually do to be on time (In about 40 words)
【答案】9．It refers to people who lack promptness./People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”. 10．The characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking./They often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking. 11．According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t care about being late so they don’t allow enough time.
According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early,
so they don’t allow enough time. 12．My method to be on time is making a clear schedule so that I can prepare in advance. Besides, I am used to allowing enough time in case something unexpected happens. Sometimes to get up early, I will set an alarm and check it before bedtime.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了也许迟到不是我们的错，并介绍了我们为什么会迟到。
9．考查词句猜测。根据第三段“People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”.(做事不及时的人被称为‘不守时的人’。)”可知，“不守时的人”是做事不及时的人。故答案为It refers to people who lack promptness./People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”.
10．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking.(不守时的人通常有共同的性格特征，比如乐观、自制力低、焦虑或喜欢寻求刺激。)”可知，“不守时的人”的性格特征是乐观、自我控制水平低、焦虑或寻求刺激的倾向。故答案为The characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking./They often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking.
11．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “they’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.(作家Grace Pacie告诉BBC：‘他们是不想迟到的人，但他们对早到有一种奇怪的抗拒，他们不给自己足够的时间。’)”可知，不守时的人也不想迟到，但是他们对早到有一种奇怪的抗拒，所以他们不给自己足够的时间，“don’t care about being late”是错误的，故答案为According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t care about being late so they don’t allow enough time. According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, so they don’t allow enough time.
12．考查推理判断。根据我自己的经验，我准时的方法是制定一个明确的时间表，这样我就可以提前做好准备。此外，我习惯留出足够的时间，以防意外发生。有时为了早起，我会设置闹钟并在睡觉前检查它。故答案为My method to be on time is making a clear schedule so that I can prepare in advance. Besides, I am used to allowing enough time in case something unexpected happens. Sometimes to get up early, I will set an alarm and check it before bedtime.
（2024·北京东城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two.
When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later.
But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments.
But this isn’t conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control I don’t think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings.
13．According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes
14．What was the purpose of the 2022 study
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
16．Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words)
【答案】13．Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control. 14．To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control. 15．When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids. 16．In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现那些能够延迟满足的孩子在后续的生活中表现更好，包括更好的学业成绩、更好的社交行为以及更健康的生活指标。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later. (当研究人员对这些孩子以后的生活进行跟踪调查时，等待时间较长的孩子有更好的生活结果：学业上更成功，社会行为更好，甚至身体更健康。他们相信那些坚持等待的孩子是最有自制力的——这是成功的关键因素，这就是为什么他们后来会如此成功。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，等待时间更长的孩子会有更好的生活结果是因为那些孩子是最有自制力的，故答案为Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control.
14．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control (但是，如果棉花糖测试中的行为更多地与文化规范有关，而不是自我控制呢？) ”和第四段的“A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. (2022年的一项研究验证了这样一种观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的时间来决定等待奖励的时间。)”可知，2022年研究的目的是测试棉花糖测试中的行为是否更多地与文化规范而非自我控制有关，故答案为To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control.
15．考查细节理解。根据第七段的“In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately. (在美国，礼物通常是在特殊的场合送的，孩子们通常要等一等才能打开礼物。然而，在日本，送礼的频率更高，孩子们通常会立即打开礼物。)”可知，“美国孩子的行为与他们在棉花糖测试中的行为相同。”这一说法是错误的，因为文章提到，当测试是用礼物而不是棉花糖进行
时，美国孩子实际上等待的时间更长。因此，美国孩子的行为在这两种情况下是不同的。当科学家们用礼物代替棉花糖进行测试时，美国孩子比日本孩子等的时间长，故答案为When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids.
16．开放性试题。举例说明文化塑造行为，例如：在一些文化中，个人倾向于重视集体主义而非个人主义，这导致了诸如优先考虑群体和谐与合作等行为。相比之下，在重视个人主义的文化中，独立和自力更生等行为更为普遍，故答案为In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent.
（2024·北京石景山·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Winning a significant science award is a big deal, especially if you are 12 years old. But Marine Gill, a girl from Fresno, California, won the top award in the Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge (SIIC) for designing a fire detection system superior to existing ones.
Marine’s inspiration came from a fire that destroyed a restaurant in her neighbourhood during the spring of 2023. “I had never really experienced something like that before,” she told The Washington Post about the early morning fire, which started in the kitchen. “They had smoke detecting device(设备), and yet it still burned down.”
After she studied fire statistics, Marine spent over half a year developing a fire detection system that could have prevented the fire. Unlike traditional smoke detectors that sense active fires from the smoke in the air, Marine’s thermal(热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.
With a thermal camera and a tiny computer, the device detects when a heat source has been left unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message warning. The hardest part was the programming. “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed. It was a really big challenge I had to go through,” she said. The final device outperforms traditional smoke detectors in speed and accuracy. Marine wants to bring the costs down to make it even more common than hardwired smoke detectors.
“The top winners have , exhibited boundless possibility,” Maya Franklin, president of Society for Science, said in the press release. “Their remarkable research not only reflects their talent but also puts a stepping stone to an exciting new future.”
17．What design won Marine Gill the top award in the SJIC
18．From where did Marine draw inspiration for the design
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Unlike traditional smoke detectors, Marine’s thermal imaging device is designed to sense active fires from the smoke in the air.
20．What is the main quality that has made Marine a top winner Why (In about 40 words)
【答案】17．A fire detection system 18．A fire that destroyed a restaurant 19．Unlike traditional smoke detectors, Marine’s thermal imaging device is designed to sense active fires from the smoke in the air.Marine’s thermal(热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring. 20．Determination and indomitable spirit .Because determination and indomitable spirit are the key to success.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Marine Gill成功发明了一种优于现有的火灾探测系统的故事。
17．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“But Marine Gill, a girl from Fresno, California, won the top award in the Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge (SIIC) for designing a fire detection system superior to existing ones.”（但来自加州弗雷斯诺的女孩马琳·吉尔在科学少年创新者挑战赛(SIIC)中获得了最高奖项，她设计了一种优于现有的火灾探测系统。）可知，火灾探测系统使得Marine Gill赢得了SIIC最高奖项。故填A fire detection system。
18．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Marine’s inspiration came from a fire that destroyed a restaurant in her neighbourhood during the spring of 2023. ”（马琳的灵感来自于2023年春天，一场大火烧毁了她家附近的一家餐馆）可知，Marine灵感来源一场大火烧毁了一家餐馆。故填A fire that destroyed a restaurant。
19．考查细节理解题。根据第三段“Unlike traditional smoke detectors that sense active fires from the smoke in the air, Marine’s thermal(热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.”（与传统的烟雾探测器从空气中的烟雾中感知活跃的火灾不同，Marine的热成像设备旨在阻止火灾的发生。）可知，传统的烟雾探测器从空气中的烟雾中感知活跃的火灾，而Marine的热成像设备旨在阻止火灾的发生。故填Unlike traditional smoke detectors, Marine’s thermal imaging device is designed to sense active fires from the smoke in the air.Marine’s thermal(热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.
20．开放性试题。根据倒数第二段“I had two designs, and my first design completely failed. It was a really big challenge I had to go through,” she said. The final device outperforms traditional smoke detectors in speed and accuracy”（我有两个设计，第一个完全失败了。这对我来说是一个巨大的挑战，”她说。最终的装置在速度和准确性上都优于传统的烟雾探测器）可知，是她坚强的意志和不服输的精神使她战胜了困难，赢得了最高奖项，因为坚强的意志和不服输的精神是成功的关键。故回答为Determination and indomitable
spirit .Because determination and indomitable spirit are the key to success.
（2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school, Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and interacted with each other. Gradually, she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her, laughing at their jokes, nodding in agreement with their opinions, hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her to be. We’ve all done these. This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” While masking can help us deal with social situations, it can also come with negative consequences. Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation, disconnection, and internal conflict. As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.
Fortunately, a mask is not our own skin. We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves. “The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,” says Tait. “It’s crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are, rather than feeling like they need to hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
21．What is social masking
22．Why do many of us rely on social masking
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
24．In addition to masking, what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment (In about 40 words)
【答案】21．It is the process of holding back or hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. 22．Because we as a species want to be included./It’s a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own./We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference./Because
as a species everyone wants to be included rather than being on their own or being exposed and different. 23．When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed. According to the passage, they will feel more depressed/they may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression. 24．As a student, when I am in a new environment, I will try to interact with my classmates, which can make us know each other better. I will make myself clear because it is a sign of respect for others and myself. (开放题，言之有理即可)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“社会伪装”，其产生的原因以及带来的不良后果。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted. (这是一种社会伪装，是一种抑制或隐藏我们与他人互动的自然方式的过程，这样我们就能感到被接受)”可知，社会伪装是一种克制或隐藏你与他人互动的自然方式的过程，这样你就会感到被接受。故答案为：It is the process of holding back or hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中““Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” (心理学家Dipti Tait说：“社会伪装之所以发生，是因为我们作为一个物种想要被包容。这是一个群体的的事情，我们在一起，而不是我们自己。我们都有一定的伪装来保护自己免受暴露和差异的影响。”)”可知，我们中的很多人都依赖社会伪装是因为我们想要被包容；因为我们是一个群体，而不是一个人；或者因为我们都有一定的伪装来保护自己免受暴露和差异的影响。故答案为：Because we as a species want to be included./It’s a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own./We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference./Because as a species everyone wants to be included rather than being on their own or being exposed and different.
23．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as we struggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted. (因此，当我们努力理解别人认为理所当然的社会情境和迹象时，我们可能会经历更大的的患抑郁症的可能性)”可知，当人们努力理解别人认为理所当然的社会情境和迹象时，可能会经历严重的抑郁。因此句中错误部分为“they will feel less depressed”；根据文章可知，他们的情绪会更加低落。故答案为：When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed. According to the
passage, they will feel more depressed/they may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression.
24．开放性题目。答案符合逻辑即可，注意词数要求。例如，作为一名学生，当我在一个新的环境中，我会尝试与我的同学互动，这可以让我们更好地了解彼此。我会把自己的意思说清楚，因为这是一种尊重他人和尊重自己的表现。故答案可为：As a student, when I am in a new environment, I will try to interact with my classmates, which can make us know each other better. I will make myself clear because it is a sign of respect for others and myself.
（2024·北京西城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
25．What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find
26．How did the National Trust conduct the study
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood.
28．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life (In about 40 words)
【答案】25．Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. 26．They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. 27．According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other sounds of nature boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. 28．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现等。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.(根据伦敦国王学院2022年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类有助于促进人们的心理健康)”可知，2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。故答案为Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps.(国民信托组织进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音和语音冥想应用程序的影响)”可知，国民信托是比较了林地声音和有声冥想应用程序的效果来进行这项研究。故答案为They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps.
27．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do.(研究发现，听鸟鸣以及其他林地的声音，如脚下树叶的嘎吱声或溪流的轻柔流水声，比应用程序能让人放松30%)”可知，错误的部分为“have the same effect on people’s mood”，研究发现，听鸟鸣和其他自然声音能比应用程序多增加30%的放松感。故答案为
28．考查开放题。根据“除了文中提到的，你在日常生活中通常做些什么来帮助你放松？”可回答：除了文章
中提到的，我通常听音乐，做一些简单的练习，或从事爱好，如阅读和绘画，以帮助我放松在日常生活中。故答案为In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life.
（2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think.
Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.
Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.
29．Who may be the first consumers of jeans
30．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
32．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans (In about 40 words)
【答案】29．Blue-collar workers. 30．Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility. 31．Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. 32．Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤的过程会对环境产生破坏，牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气体。
29．考查细节理解。由第一段中“The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons (第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像)”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案为：Blue-collar workers.
30．考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. (通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性)”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility.
31．考查细节理解。由第三段中“Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. (世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，对工人的保护也很少)”和“And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. (在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁)”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“workers’ health is well protected”错误。故答案为：Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production.
32．考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建议：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商可以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products.
（2024·北京延庆·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that being anxious is a normal part of life, we can use it to our benefit.
Anxiety can help build our emotional strength. If we want to build emotional strength, we need to face some degree of mental stress. Of course, unpleasant and abuse tend to cause more harm than good, but the experience of occasional anxiety, stress, and tension substantially increases our emotional courage.
Anxiety can increase your emotional connection. Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection.
Anxiety can help us rebalance. When we feel genuinely anxious because of stress, it’s our body’s way of telling us to rebalance. Nobody is truly limitless. When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious.
Anxiety can be a healthy, helpful emotion that is a constructive aspect of human life. When it comes to occasional experience of anxiety, it can emotionally help boost our courage. It can also build up emotional connect ion when we express our sensitive feelings to others. And in the form of stress, it can serve as an internal indicator to remain balanced and healthy. Now it’s high time we started putting it to good use．
33．Why is anxiety not deadly
34．When can anxiety increase our emotional connection
35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious．
36．As a student, how do you make use of test anxiety to help you be better prepared for exams (In about 40 words)
【答案】33．Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. 34．When we share our anxieties with our loved ones. 35．When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious.
Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious.
36．I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared.
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章就“焦虑”这一话题展开了论述，分析了焦虑的积极作用和如何利用焦虑。
33．
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health.(焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。)”可知，作者认为焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。故答案为Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health.
34．
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection.(临床科学已经确定，与我们所爱的人分享我们的焦虑是建立联系的最有效策略之一。当我的病人学会敞开心扉，与伴侣分享他们的焦虑时，他们几乎总是报告一种更大的情感联系。)”可知，研究表明当我们与自己所爱的人分享焦虑时就可以建立更大的情感联系。故答案为When we share our anxieties with our loved ones.
35．
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious.(当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。由此可知，原句：When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious.中的“and also more stressed and anxious”表述错误，应该是“and also less stressed and anxious.”。故答案为When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious.
Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious.
36．
开放题。要求考生谈谈自己将会如何利用考试焦虑来帮助自己更好地准备考试，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared.
（2023·北京·三模）阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a m

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