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专题三：连词
（一）表示转折/并列/因果....的连词
but ①表示转折 ②与not only...but(also)连用表示“不仅..而且...”
though/although位于句首表示尽管
or表示或者，常与either连用表示‘两者中有一个’ nor常与neither连用表示‘两者都不’
so ①表示“因此” 注意与that连用时是副词，译为“如此”。
while表示然而，尤其用于两个对象之间的比较时。
引导时间状语从句的：When、until、since.....
and表示并列 并列多个主语/谓语/宾语/表语/非谓语等。 常与both连用表示“两者都...”与between连用表示“...和....之间”
表因果：because译为“因为”、since...
表示条件的：if、once
表示“一..，就...”：immediately the moment、the minute、the instant、as soon as..
表示时间的：every time、next time,、the first time、by the time、in case、
补充：
（二）引导从句的连词种类(常见)与区别——从属连词
定语从句：修饰前边名词的一个句子 连词种类：which that whose whom who where when why
表语从句：位于系动词(be)后边的句子 种类：what that whether how who where when why
宾语从句：位于实义动词/介词后边的句子 种类：what that whether how who where when why
主语从句：位于主语位置的句子 连词种类：what that whether how who where when why
同位语从句：解释抽象名词具体含义的句子 种类：what that whether how who where when why
定语从句概念：修饰限定名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句(注意找谓语)
结构（划线部分）：名词/代词+从属连词（又叫关系词）+从句
若该名词指人，且从句缺少主语/宾语,且空前无介词,选that/who但首选who
若该名词指人,且从句缺少主语/宾语,且空前有介词,选whom
若该名词指物/时间/原因, 但从句缺少主语/宾语,且空前无介词和“,”,选that/which但首选that
若该名词指物/时间/原因，且从句缺少主语/宾语，且空前有介词和“,”，选which
若空前的词(不一定挨着空)和空后的词，有所属关系，选whose，且whose译为“..的”
若该名词指地点(包括抽象地点：)，且从句不缺少主语/宾语，选where
若该名词指时间，且从句不缺少主语/宾语，选when
若该名词指原因，且从句不缺少主语/宾语，选why
补充：as(正如)也可以引导从句，但以固定搭配的方式去记：As we all know、As is reported、As is mentioned..
Could you remember the place _______ you suggest that day.
Could you remember the place _____ we had a great time that day.
Could you remember the first place _____ you suggest that day.
Could you remember the smartest boy_______ you taught.
Could you remember the book ______ cover封面 is green.
Could you remember the boys, with _____ you make friends.
Could you offer a reason __________ you refused me .
Could you offer a reason __________ must be reasonable .
During our first day，_____ is typical of QiuShi, it began with seven days of military training.
主语从句/表语从句/宾语/同位语从句概念：在主句中分别充当主语/表语/宾语的句子
What可引导主语/表语/宾语/同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词缺少主语/宾语
That可引导主语/表语/宾语/同位语从句。That无实际含义，且从句中不缺少主语/宾语。（that引导宾语从句时，that可以省略）
其他连词看意思：where哪里 who谁 whoever无论谁 whatever无论什么 whether是否 why为什么..
①__________ matters is__________we all have our own dreams，goals and desires.
②I think ____ we can conclude about humans is __ humans can distinguish between good and evi.
③__________ Jimmy won the game once again was__________ many people hadn’t expected.
④You are saying __________ everyone has already had equal rights. That is __________ I disagree.
②__________the doctors really doubt is __________ my mother will defeat the serious disease.
同位语从句概念：解释抽象名词(fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish，promise，answer，evidence,report)含义的句子
（三）作文常见连接词
表“由于”： as the result of...=because of...=due to…=owing to...= thanks to...等。
表“因此”：so, as a result
表转折：yet, but , while, on the contrary(相反), however,
表解释：that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance,
表补充at the same time
表比较on the one hand, on the other hand
表递进：not only…but (also), what's more, what's worse, besides, in addition, moreover,
表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up等。
[题组一] 并列连词
1.(2021 新高考I,62)Though it is the only unnatural非自然的 thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights强调/突出 the whole adventure __________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching酸痛的 legs.
2.(2020新高考I,57)They kept their collection藏品 at home until it got too big _______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
3.(2020新高考II.62)Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ________ discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
4.(2019 全国ⅡI.67)Irene said “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, ______ because I want to.”
「题组二] 定语从句
1(2020新高考I.59)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759.
2.(2020新高考Ⅱ,60)The Digital World is a set of volumes ________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
3.(2020全国I.63)Because the moon’s body blocks阻挡 direct直接的 radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4.(2020 全国Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike栩栩如生的.
5.(2020 江苏21)Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
6.(2020天津，6)Dr.Rowan, _____ secretary秘书 resigned辞职 two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
7.(2019 全国ⅡI.62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field, _____ she opened with her late husband Les.
8.(2019全国Ⅲ，64)They were well trained by their masters _____ had great experience with caring for these animals.
9.(2019 浙江,58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _____ gives off light in the dark.
10.(2019 北京9)The students benefitting most from college are those _____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源).
11.(2019 江苏21)We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true
12.(2019 天津11)Their child is at the stage _____ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (补充词汇condition、situation、case、circumstance、state、scene、stage)
13.(2018全国I66)Two of the authors of the review评审 also made a study published in 2014 _____ showed a mere仅仅 five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
14.(2018浙江52)Many westerners _____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
15.(2018 江苏，23)Self-driving is an area _____ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
16.(2018天津，2)Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college has gone
to work in Australia.
17.(2018 北京5)She and her family bicycle to work, _____ helps them keep fit.
18.(2017 全国I，70)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _____ is not good for the health.
19.(2017浙江,64)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of
kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _____ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.
20.(2017 天津,9)My eldest son, _____ work takes him all over the world is in New York at the moment此刻.
21.(2017 江苏28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation
题组三]名词性从句
1.(2021新高考I,56)_____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2.(2020浙江,57)Over thousands of years they began to depend less on _____ could be hunted or gathered from the wild and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.(2020天津15)The student completed this experiment to make come true _____ Professor Joseph had said.
4.(2020 北京3)Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them _____ you can join in when it's possible.
5.(2019 全国1,61)While they are rare罕见的 north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range变化/延伸 all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
6.(2019 江苏25)Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
7.(2018 全国Ⅲ,61)I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere不知从哪.
8.(2018 北京15)This is ______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
9.(2018 江苏,21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______ we arrived.
10.(2017 天津4)She asked me ______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
11(2017 北京26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined绿树成荫的 street, not knowing ______ she was heading.
1.(2020 江苏，25)It is not a problem ______ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
2.(2018 全国ⅡI，69)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.(2017北京,31)The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
[题组五]状语从句
1(2020全国Ⅲ,65) ______ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
2.(2019 全国Ⅲ,61)On our way to the house,it was raining ______ hard that we couldn’t help
wondering how long it would take to get there.
3.(2019 天津,13)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ______ he wants
their support.
4.(2018 北京,2) ______ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
5.(2018 江苏,29) ______ you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
6.(2017 北京28)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ______ you figure it out.
[题组一] 并列连词
1.(2021山东日照一中二调，36)According to experts, paper-cutting conveys the culture shared between China ______ the West wishing for family reunions.
2.(2021 广州阶段训练，40)The Chinese language uses a huge number of characters, ______ most European languages use individual letters that combine into words.
3.(2021浙江桐庐中学开学考试，57)According to ancient stories the first person to discover the
effects of tea is said to be Shennong——the father of agriculture ______ herbal medicine in China.
4.(2021 广州六区质检,37)They are not a well-trained group of exercisers, ______ rather恰相反 a class of participants who are mostly homeless.
5.(2021河南天一大联考,69)Other species will benefit from a warmer world, ______ in some cases that would be bad news for humans.
6.(2021 安徽砀山第二中学月考,70)The distraction and danger appear to come not from the technology used ______ from the conversation itself.
7.(2021 贵州思南中学月考二,68)Nowadays，many people are also making malatang meals at home as many people have uploaded上传 not only recipes ______ cooking instructions online.
8.(2021 长春一模,70)Grandpa Amu insists that he isn’t an Internet celebrity(名人) ______ just
an ordinary farmer.
(2020福建莆田二十五中期中，69)The passage of merchants and travelers of many different nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange, ______ in a widespread and continuous process of cultural interaction.
答案but考查notonly…but(also)的用法。
10.(2020 上海复旦附中期中，23)That's great if your mood is a good one,which is likely to motivate you,but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry ______ simply lonely.
11.(2020长沙雅礼中学月考三66)When growing organic crops, farmers do not use sprays to kill pests, ______ they use chemicals to make the crops grow faster.
12.(2020辽宁凌源联合校期中,47)However, the mother took pity on the couple ______ allowed them to be reunited once a year.
13.(2020浙师大附中月考，63)Every fall，a large number of grapes are shipped from
Xinjiang to other parts of China, ______ the rest are made into raisins葡萄干 for easy storage.
14.(2020 南昌开学摸底,64)In recent years several studies have examined whether smiling deliberately故意地can make changes to how people feel psychologically during races, ______few have looked at the physical effect on sports performance.
15.(2020四川绵阳南山中学月考,64)One day, the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily.
[题组二]定语从句
1.(2021湖北六校联考,42)The researcher also threw light on a truth that around 50.000 microfibers ______ fell off the surface of jeans would find their way into our bodies every time they were cleaned.
2.(2021 山东潍坊上学期期中,58)However，the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s ______ interpret it as a sign of anger.
3.(2021广东汕头四校联考,38)They are Zhang Boli, a traditional Chinese medicine expert, Zhang Dingyu, head of Wuhans Jinyintan Hospital, and Chen Wei, a medical scientist ______ made breakthroughs in COVID-19 related basic research.
4.(2021 山东烟台期中,62)The profession began during the early 19th century ______ the
industrial revolution(革命)developed in Britain.
5.(2021 浙江慈溪中学月考37)On Sunday, a high school senior, 18-year old Jessica Gallegos, saved the lives of six of her friends when she realized the farmhouse ______ they were sleeping was on fire.
6.(2021浙江名校协作体开学考试.45)Blocked toilets, buffet cars with no sandwiches and passengers ______ make loud mobile phone calls all appear on the list.
7.(2021 浙江嘉兴9月测试,43)He quietly explained each decoration, ______ was collected during every year's after-Christmas sale.
8.(2021 杭州第二中学月考,3)There are many reasons ______ this has been possible.
9.(2021 浙江宁波四中返校考试,60)Many people have begun to gather around the scene, some of began to sing hymns圣歌 as the cathedral burned.
10.(2021 山西运城高中联考,64)According to IBM,it is the first machine ______ can debate辩论/讨论 complicated topics with humans.
11.(2021浙江十校联盟月考61)To promote knowledge about China among Canadians, they founded the Society for a Better Understanding of China in the early 1970s, ______ is now known as the Canada-China Friendship Society.
12.In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers ______ will create products based on what they see.
13.(2021黑龙江双鸭山一中月考一.65)The reason ______ he explained at the meeting was that he did not catch the first bus.
14.(2021河南顶尖名校联考,70)I am going to give you some scientific experiments______ will help you to make these small kids understand simple facts with complete safety in my next article.
15(2021内蒙古通辽开鲁一中月考一.49)We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, ______ will let them know more about the modern development of Chinese art.
16.(2021云南师大附中适应性月考.47)Whales nap for brief periods, during ______ an alert (警觉的)friend guards them.
17.(2021甘肃天水一中段考,47)Some people ______ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income,believing that is where their happiness lies.
18.(2020湖北宜昌示范高中联考，62)Company president Akio Toyoda described the“e-Palette”as an electric self-driving vehicle ______ will be a combination of pizza delivery，retail shop(零售商店)and ride- sharing service.
19.(2020山东青岛期中70)Over17 million people visited the museum in 2018,of ______ 40 percent were under 30 years old.
20.[2020福州八县(市)一中期中联考621In China,a tea house is a place ______ people gather to enjoy tea,chat and socialize.
21.(2020沈阳铁路实验中学月考三.50)It will bring people in Hong Kong,Macao and Guangdong within a“one-hour living circle”, ______ is expected to attract more visitors to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
(2021广东七校联合体联考,37)_________ they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides.
2.(2021辽宁新高考联合调研38)It seemed _________ he had no car no home and no iob
3.(2021吉林一调，70)Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _________ she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
4.(2021黑龙江双鸭山一中月考,67)_________ is responsible for the car accident is still under
investigation.
5.(2021安徽肥东高级中学月考,69)It's a good thing that people are going out to enjoy themselves and to discover the great heritage and history, but it is also quite dangerous if they don't understand _________ fragile the environment is.
6.(2021黑龙江尚志中学月考.68)The humble man refused an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did _________ he felt he should.
7.(2021黑龙江双鸭山一中月考一68)You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _________ I disagree.
8.(2021 银川宁大附中月考二,69)From then on. the city would not be _________ it used to be
due to the death of the great basketball star
9.(2021黑龙江双鸭山一中月考一,42)The idea _________ moving can affect our mood is not new.
10.(2020湖北华师大附中期中,61) _________ was different was that two prizes were given，one
for the cancelled 2018 award and the other for 2019.
11.(2020浙江宁波鄞高期中,67)__________surprised us most was that the boy quickly recovered and came to school again.
12.(2020上海市北中学期中21)He wanted to know _________ he could do with it after graduation.
13.(2020 浙江临海、乐清、新昌选考.62)I’ve tried to think about _________ the world and my life will be like in 2030. so I can make sure I'm focusing on those things.
14. Instead, they’re part of a system that tries to guess _________ you will buy next, based on how you look.
15.(2020浙江金华十校模拟,65)But the biggest advancements are to teach robots to guess ________ they can do and how they help us with daily tasks.
16.(2020 浙江宁大附中质检,64)The villagers didn’t know for sure_________ that was happening. So they could only tell it to the government and depend on them for the truth.
17.(2020河北大名一中月考.69)Soif you are unsure and still wondering _________ the chocolate diet really does work or not then it pays to make an appointment with your dietician or doctor.
18.(2020河北邢台摸底一.61)Experts think they migrated from _________ is now Russia across the land bridge during the last Ice Age
19.(2020浙江嘉兴基础检测，56)Now that summer is finally here, families are preparing for _______ they expect to be a great vacation away from the daily routines.
20.(2020长沙明德中学月考,70)I’m already looking forward to their next visit when I can show them more of _________ Seville offers and what I am still yet to discover.
21(2020 广东北大附中深圳南山分校期中,66)But the good news is_________ some mountaineers are taking it on themselves to clean up Qomolangma.
题组四]定语从句和名词性从句
1.(2021 湖北部分重点中学联考一.62)Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in the words _________ appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions.
2.[2021福州八县(市)协作校联考,651When the sugar cools down, _________ appears is a piece of sugar art.
3.(2021安徽蚌埠质检一,64)The project is a witness to the concept _________ green mountains and clear water can be mountains of gold and silver.
4.(2021 河南名校联盟联考,67)The saying“a gentleman's friendship is as light as water”, _________ water refers to tea indicates a kind of deep friendship.
5.(2021浙江嘉兴教学测试.45)Now every Christmas, we decorate our tree with Gees treasures and Tom's letter,reminding ourselves of _________ it means to be a neighbor.
6.(2020安徽六校联考，2)Does the college you’re considering offer classes and learning opportunities _________ interest you

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