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8B Unit5Revision
一、词汇专练
一、）词汇（四会词）：
cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴
politely adv. 礼貌地polite adj. 礼貌的impolite adj. 不礼貌的impolitely adv. 不礼貌地
litter n. 垃圾，杂物 rubbish
run vi. 流动ran /run /running
pick vt. 采，摘pick up
turn n. 轮流，（轮流的）顺序
proper adj. 符合习俗的；正确的
shake sb’s hand与某人握手shake hands with sb. shake /shook /shaken /shaking
kiss n. 亲吻
close adj. 亲密的；严密的
conversation n. （非正式）交谈；谈话
avoid vt. 避免avoid sth. /doing sth.
subject n. 话题；主题
public n. 民众，群体
in public公开地，在别人面前
push vi.&vt. 推，挤
push in <英>插队，加塞 = <美>cut in
in one’s way 挡住某人的路
touch vt. 触摸，碰
excuse vt. 原谅，宽恕
excuse me 劳驾
till conj. 到…时，直到……为止until
as well (as) 也，还有（句末，无逗号隔开）She knows the news as well. too（肯定句句末或句中，有逗号隔开）/also（肯定句句中）/either（否定句句末，有逗号隔开）如：She, too, is a singer. She also knows the news. She doesn’t know the news, either.
She as well as you is an English teacher.
loudly adv.大声地aloud/loud
as conj.正如，如同
by accident偶然，意外地
discussion n. 讨论 discuss vt. 表达
public adj. 公共的，公开的
explain v. 解释explain sth. to sb./ explain to sb. sth.
keep sb from sth保护，使免受
warn vt. &vi. 警告，告诫 warn sb. (not) to do sth.
parking n. 停车 No parking！ 禁止停车
litter vi.& vt. 乱丢杂物
successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地success n. 成功
succeed vi. 成功succeed in doing sth./ succeed with sth.
sometime adv.(= some time)在某时
soon after不久以后
risk vt.冒险做risk sth. /doing sth.
pain n.痛，疼痛
practice n.练习；训练；实践
candle n.蜡烛
purpose n. 目的
guest n. 客人，宾客
above all首要的是
impolite adj. 不礼貌的polite adj. 礼貌的impolitely adv. 不礼貌地politely adv.礼貌地
二、）词语辨析：
1.litter /rubbish
1).litter：n.指四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物，例如纸屑等。如：You mustn’t drop litter in the park. //After the picnic, there's litter all over the ground.野餐结束后，满地都是垃圾。
v.乱丢杂物。如：Please do not litter.请不要随手乱丢垃圾。
2).rubbish：n.普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。如：The rubbish is then carted away for recycling.垃圾接着被运去作回收处理。
n.废话，无聊的想法；如：The book is all rubbish.这本书全是胡扯。
Stop talking rubbish and get out of here.别再废话了,滚出去吧。
v. 抨击，贬低。如：Don’t rubbish their ideas.
2.loudly /aloud/loud
1.) loudly
　　副词，意为“响亮地、大声的”，既可与发音器官连用，还可以与 ring ，knock 等动词连用。loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或者“嘈杂”的含义。
　　Someone knocked loudly at the door.　　有人大声敲门。
　　She spoke very loudly.　　她说话的声音很大。
　　Don't talk so loudly.　　别这么高声说话。
2.) aloud adv.
　　可作副词，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”含义时，主要与read, think等连用，表示声音可以被听到。作“大声地”含义时，主要与shout, call, cry等词连用。如：
　　He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family.　　他把她的信大声读给家人听。
The little boy is crying aloud.　　那个小男孩哭的很厉害。
3.) loud
　　作副词讲：意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”，指音量大，传播距离较远。一般多用来修饰 speak，talk，laugh 等动词，主要指说话声、笑声和爆炸声等等。常用比较级形式。
　　Try to sing louder.　　试着再大点儿声唱。
　　Could you speak a little louder, please 　　请你说话大声一点，好吗
　　I heard a loud bang and then saw black smoke.　我听到砰的一声巨响，接着就看到了黑烟。
　　另外，loud作形容词讲：意为“大声的;响亮的”
　　I couldn't hear what he said because the music was so loud.　　我听不见他说些什么，因为音乐的声音太大了。
　　I heard a loud crash in the kitchen.　　我听到厨房有一声巨响。
3.as well (as)/too/also/either
1). as well和too多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末。如：I like you too [as well]. Are they coming too [as well] 他们也来吗
too 有时也紧跟在主语后(注：as well 不这样用),此用法较正式。如：
I, too, know where he lives.我也知道他住在什么地方。
注意：在 Me too, You too这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well或also。如：
A：I’m tired.我累了。
B：Me too.我也是。
2).also比too和as well正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见) 。如：
He also came./ He came also.他也来了。
She is young and beautiful, and also rich.她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。
说明：also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词 and。 如：
Also, his mother was dead.再说,他母亲又过世了。
3).either(也)通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末.如：I don’t know, either.我也不知道。
He hasn’t finished it, either.他也还没有做完。
注意：有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句,可能用 too, also. 如：
He came, but she didn’t also came.他来了,但她没有也一起来。
He went to Washington, but not to New York too.他去了华盛顿,但并不是也去了纽约。
比较：
He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either.他没买电脑,她也没买。
He bought a computer, but she didn’t too.他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。
即时自测：
A.根据首字母或汉语提示及句意写出单词。
1. British people only greet relatives and close friends with a ____________(亲吻).
2. Do they ___________(避免) talking about subjects like age, weight or money
3. It’s p________________ to take care of a lost pet.
4. Miss Li was patient enough to _____________(解释) how to keep safe from danger.
5.Will he be s sometime in his life
6. The _________________(目的) of the talk is to teach students about table manners.
7. Have you made sure that both hosts and ___________(客人) were comfortable at the table
8.British people usually greet each other _______(礼貌地).
9.The factory used to throw ______(垃圾) into the river.
10.Students always take _____(轮流) to clean the classroom.
11.Never leave the water r_________ after you use it.
12._________(摘) apples , we need more people.
13. During the d_______________, he expressed himself clearly.
14. Don’t talk l_____________ in the library.
15.It’s i____________ to make too much noise while eating or drinking.
16.___________ (某时) next week, Sam will visit us and stay here for some time.
17. The boy wants to r ______________losing everything all at one time.
18. Simon, __________(推) hard when I tell you to.
19. Look at the sign. It says “No_______________(乱丢杂物)”.
20.No p_______, no gain.
B.根据短文意思和首字母填空,写出一个完整正确的单词。
They say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and (1) s__________ your hand when they meet you for the (2) __________ (one) time. But they only greet relatives or (3)c__________ friends with a kiss. When they are having a talk, they avoid (4) __________ (话题) like age, weight or money.
Most British people behave (5) p__________ in public. They always queue. If you are in (6) __________ (they) way, they won’t (7) t__________ you or push past you. They will say “excuse me” and wait (8) __________ (直到) you move. British people don’t like to shout or laugh (9) __________ (大声地，含贬义).
I hope these tips will be (10) ______________ (help) to you.
二、短语归纳(中考指南2024年)：
1. drop litter everywhere到处扔垃圾
2.cut in(on sb./ sth.)打断(谈话),插嘴
3. shake one's hand 握手= shake hands with sb.
4. greet people with a kiss用亲吻打招呼
5. behave politely in public在公开场合行为礼貌
6. push in before sb. 插队
7. push past 从……身边挤过去
8. keep your voice down 放低你的声音
9.say hello to sb. 向某人问好
10. keep us away from danger使我们远离危险
11. warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事
12. express oneself clearly清楚地表达某人自己
13. in one's way挡住某人的路
14. above all 首要的是
15. by accident偶然，意外地
补充：
16. keep quiet in the library在图书馆保持安静
17. pick flowers in the park在公园摘花
18. obey traffic rules遵守交通规则
19. queue for your turn排队等候你的顺序
20.as well (as) 也，还有
即时自测：从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空(每个词或短语只能用一次)。
soon after; cut in; bump into; take photos; express oneself clearly; push in; polite;
leave the tap running; not notice; queue for one's turn
1._________________ is a big waste. Don't do it again.
2. The shy boy has trouble_________________ in front of the class.
3. Don't_________________ on others when they are talking.
4. Jack was walking along the street in a hurry when he_________________ a boy.
5._________________ we sat down, the play started.
6. It's impolite_________________________ before others.
7. Tom thinks people will help him if he asks for help_________________________.
8. People are not allowed_________________________ in that newly-built museum.
9.- Don't park your car here. - Sorry, I_________________________ the sign.
10.You should arrive early and _________________________ when entering the theatre.
三、佳句背诵（中考指南2024年）：
1. British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.英国人第一次和你见面时,会说“你好”或“很高兴见到你”并且和你握手。(P66)
say “hello” to sb. 向某人问好say “nice to meet you” to sb. 向某人说“很高兴见到你”
shake one’s hand握着某人的手=shake hands with sb.与某人握手
He shook her hand warmly.他热情地握着她的手。
Tom shook hands with his best friends when they met again.
当他们再次碰面时，汤姆和他最好的朋友们一一握了手。
2. Please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.请避免像年龄、体重和钱这样的话题。(P66)
avoid sth. 避免，防止; avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
You should avoid such mistakes. 你应当避免这样的错误。
You should avoid making such mistakes. 你应当避免犯这样的错误。
No one can avoid his own responsibility.没有人能够逃避自己的责任。
like prep. 像……；v. 喜欢 如：Amy, like her mum, also likes playing games.
weight n. weigh v. 如：Daniel weighs 100 grams.= Daniel’s weight is 100 grams.
3. They think it's rude to push in before others.他们认为插队是粗鲁的行为。(P66-67)
it's rude to push in before others.作动词think的宾语，属于宾语从句。在这个句子中，动词不定式to push in before others是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
push in意思是“插队，加塞”，美国人常用cut in。
I was about to get on the bus when two men pushed in in front of me.
我正准备上车时，两个人插到了我前面。
A couple of boys pushed in at the head of the queue.两个男孩插到了队伍最前面。
4. They will be patient enough to wait till you move.他们会耐心等到你移开。(P67)
“be + 形容词 + enough + to do sth” 结构可以用来描述一个人的性格和能力，表示“某人在某方面已经能够达到做某事的程度”。其中enough修饰形容词，要放在形容词之后。
5. Do not start eating until everyone is ready.等到每个人都准备好了再开吃。(P76)
start doing sth./to do sth.// everyone不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数is。
until和till一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如：
I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
6. Do not eat with your mouth open.吃东西时不可嘴巴张着。(P76)
with+名词+形容词/介词短语。这种结构通常在句中起状语、定语作用，或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。此处在句中作状语。 如：
He likes to sleep with the window closed. 他喜欢关着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.当你满嘴食物的时候不要说话。
Fish sleep with their eyes open.鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。
7.It's impolite to make too much noise while eating or drinking.吃东西或喝东西时发出太多噪音是不礼貌的。(P76)
动词不定式to make too much noise是真正的主语，It是形式主语。
make too much noise发出太多噪音; noise不可数名词；
too much+ UC(不可数名词)太多…… much too+ adj.太……much too hot/hungry
8.Do not talk with food in your mouth.嘴里有食物时不要讲话。(P76)
否定的祈使句。
9. Do not reach over someone's plate for something.不要隔着别人的盘子去拿食物。(P76)
reach over…for something越过……够……
Don’t reach over the plate for that dish.
10.Wait for everyone to finish before you leave the table.等每个人吃完了再离席。(P76)
before引导时间状语从句。
补充：
1. Don’t cut in on others. cut in (on sb/ sth) 打断（谈话），插嘴
She always cut in when other people are talking.别人谈话时她总要插嘴。
I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).我正在跟简说话，戴夫插了进来。
2. queue for your turn. turn n.（依次轮到的）机会; take turns 轮流，依次
Is it my turn yet 轮到我了吗？
It's your turn to do the dishes!轮到你洗碗了！
My sister and I take turns to do the housework.我和姐姐轮流做家务。
turn还可以作动词，有很多词义，猜猜下列句子中turn的汉语意思。
1). The wheels started to turn (around).轮子开始转动了。
2). Turn right at the traffic lights.在红绿灯处向右拐。
3). Now turn the page, please, and start work on Exercise 2.现在请翻到下一页，开始做练习2。
4). The weather has suddenly turned cold.天气突然变凉了。
5). I asked him to turn down the heating.我叫他把暖气关小一点。
3. Always keep the library clean.
keep意为“使……处于某种状态”时，其后可跟形容词、v-ing、v-ed等作宾语补足语。
Close the door to keep the room warm. 关上门以保持室内温暖。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。
She kept the horse tied to the tree.她把马拴在树上。
4. Do they greet people with a kiss
greet somebody with… 以……方式跟人打招呼。
She greeted us with a smile.她微笑着和我们打了个招呼。
5. If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
in one’s way 挡道的，挡某人的路
I couldn’t walk very fast because a lot of people got in my way.
注意区别on one’s way (to…)在某人去……的路上 I saw a dog on my way to school.
与way有关的短语：
lose one’s way迷路//on one’s way在某人要去的路上//by the way顺便说，顺便问一下
1).I’ll give you the lift—it’s __________. on my way 你可以打我的车---我顺路。
2). We ___________ in the forest. lost our way 我们在森林里迷了路。
3). __________, did you see my umbrella anywhere By the way顺便问问，你在什么地方见过我的伞吗？
4). Can you move that box It’s _________ .你能搬开那只箱子吗？它挡着我的路了。in my way
6. British people are very polite at home as well.
as well的含义是“也”，常位于句末，与too, also是同义词。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
7. You’re never too old to learn. （你）活到老学到老。
be + too + 形容词 + to do sth. 太 …… 以至于不能 ……如：
Daniel is too young to go to school.= Daniel is not old enough to go to school.
8. You’re old enough to learn about manners now. 你现在年龄已大到学习有关礼仪方面的知识了。
“be + 形容词 + enough + to do sth” 结构可以用来描述一个人的性格和能力，表示“某人在某方面已经能够达到做某事的程度”。其中enough修饰形容词，要放在形容词之后。如：
Tom is is clever enough to get good marks in his exams often.
9. You shouldn’t leave the tap running. 你不应该任水龙头流水。
leave意为“使……处于某种状态”时，其后可跟形容词、v-ing、v-ed等作宾语补足语。如：
Don’t leave him going there alone.
10. I’m afraid not. 恐怕不是。I’m afraid. 恐怕。如：I’m afraid she has gone.
11. Public signs warn us not to do something.
warn sb to do sth 告诫某人做某事/warn sb not to do sth 警告某人不要做某事
The teacher often warns us to study hard. 老师常常告诫我们要更努力学习。
Parents often warn their children not to play with fire. 家长常警告孩子别玩火。
12. Public signs keep us safe from danger.
keep sb from sth 保护；使免受
The umbrella can keep you from the rain.伞能使你免受雨淋。
Doctors and nurses will help keep us from diseases.医生和护士将帮助我们远离疾病。
13. The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.
the purpose of sth. / doing sth. 某事/ 做某事的目的
What is the purpose of your visit 你来访的目的是什么？
He knew my purpose of writing this book.他知道我写这本书的目的。
to do 结构在句中可作表语。
Her purpose of learning is to be a doctor. 她学习的目的是当医生。
The only way to do that is to reduce expenses. 做到这一点的唯一办法是减少开支。
Her job is to operate an elevator. 她的工作是开电梯。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
14. It will take place at 10 a.m. on 12 May at the school hall.
take place 举行，发生
The concert will take place next Sunday. 下周日将举行音乐会。
Where will the next Olympic Games take place 下一届奥运会在哪里举办？
15. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.
make sure意为“确保；设法保证”，其后常接由介词of引导的短语或that引导的从句。
Make sure that you turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.离开教室时务必把灯关了。
1).在你给老师看之前，请再确认一下你的答案。Please make sure of your answer before you show it to the teacher.
2). 我能确保他今天回来。I can make sure that he will come back today.
16. Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。
light这里是形容词“轻的”，作定语修饰名词work，而work则是make的宾语。
17. Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.
successful adj.成功的success n. 成功 successfully adv.成功地succeed vi. 成功succeed in doing sth./ succeed with sth. 如:
They provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success.
他们为运动员提供支持并帮忙使活动成功。
即时自测：
A.完成句子。
1._____________（目的） the meeting is_____________ （讨论）the plan．
2.The school sports meeting _____________(举行) tomorrow．
3.It is impolite/bad manners ______________________________(从某人的盘子上方伸过挟菜).
4.We should _____________(确保) both guests and hosts __________________________(在餐桌上很舒服).
5.不要张着嘴巴吃东西。也不要嘴里有食物说话。
___________________________. _________________________
6.__________________________(最重要的是), you should_________________ (按时到达).
7. _______________(不好意思). But you are _______________ (挡路).
8. My success doesn’t come_____________ (偶然). It is the result of my hard work.
9. When you speak ____________ (在公共场所)in public, please ________________________ (压低声音).
10. When someone introduces his friend to you, you should _____________________(和他/她握手).
B.根据短文内容回答下列问题。（不超过5个词。）
James Michener, a famous American writer donated at least 90 per cent of what he made from his 43 novels. He seemed to donate more than this. At his death, in October 1997, he had given away US＄117 million.
Michener made a good example, not just in how much he gave, but in his style of giving. The writer worked hard at doing good (行善). He usually followed up his donations to see how the money was used and he had a lot of fun in doing so.
Michener was 90 when he died. He was the only writer on the list of American’s top 25 philanthropists (慈善家). He gave his donations to the college he went to. Michener gave US＄72 million to his college, Swarthmore. He said, “I am from a family without any money. The college made me stand up from darkness into light.’’
Michener was married three times, but he had no children. For his last 15 years, he lived quietly in Austin, Texas. He moved there to write the 1,000-page novel. The film called South Pacific was about his first book, Tales of the South Pacific. The novel was written when he was 40.
1. Michener was born in _________.
2. Michener cared about _________ after he donated.
3. Michener came from a _________ family.
4. What’s the name of the college which Michener went to
5. He wrote his first book _________.
四、语法知识：
1. to be+ adj. +enough to do 的构成形式与用法。
“be + 形容词 + enough + to do sth” 结构可以用来描述一个人的性格和能力，表示“某人在某方面已经能够达到做某事的程度”。其中enough修饰形容词，要放在形容词之后。如：
The boy is patient enough to wait for two hours. 那个男孩有足够的耐心等两个小时。
2.too...to 的构成形式与用法。
be + too + 形容词 + to do sth. 太 …… 以至于不能 ……如：
Life is too short to worry.//Life is too short to be sad.
即时自测：
Ⅰ. 同义句转换。
1.Tom is very clever and often gets good marks in his exams.
Tom is ______ _______ ______ get good marks in his exams often.
2.The man is very tired. He can’t walk any more.
The man is _____ _____ ___ ______ any more.
3.The bag is too heavy for the old man to carry.
The bag is ______ light ______ for the old man to carry.
4.The math problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out.
The math problem is ______ ________ for me ______ work out.
5.The apple is very high. The child cannot reach it.
= The apple is ______ ________ for the child ______ ________.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 比尔·盖茨足够富有去环游世界。 Bill Gates is _______________ travel around the world.
2.他总是太马虎，注意不到周围的情况。He is always ____ ________ ___ ______ _______.
3.这鞋太小了，我穿不上。The shoes are ____ ______ __ ___ ___ _____.
4.他已到了参军的年龄。 He is _____________ the army.
5.父母经常说我们太年轻，不能自己做决定。
Our parents often say that we are _____ young ______ decide for ourselves.
6.我的汤太烫，没法喝。(hot) My soup is _____________________.
8B Unit5Revision答案
一、词汇专练
即时自测：
【答案】
A.根据首字母或汉语提示及句意写出单词。
1.kiss;2.avoid;3.proper;4.explain;5.successful;6.purpose;7.guests;8.politely;9.litter;
10.turns;11.running;12.To pick;13.discussion;14.loudly;15.impolite;16.Sometime;
17.risk;18.push;19.litter;20.pain;
B.根据短文意思和首字母填空,写出一个完整正确的单词。
1.shake ; 2.first; 3.close; 4.subjects; 5.politely;
6.their; 7.touch ; 8.till/until; 9.loudly; 10.helpful;
二、短语归纳：
即时自测：
【答案】
1.Leaving/To leave the tap running;
2. expressing himself clearly;
3. cut in;
4. bumped into;
5. Soon after;
6. to push in;
7. politely;
8. to take photos;
9. didn't notice;
10.queue for your turn;
三、佳句背诵
即时自测：
【答案】
A.完成句子。
1.The purpose of; to discuss;
2.will take place;
3.to reach over someone’s plate for something;
4.make sure that; are comfortable at the table;
5.Don’t eat with your mouth open. Don’t talk with food in your mouth, either.;
6.Above all; arrive on time;
7.Excuse me; in my way;
8.by accident;
9.in public; keep your voice down.;
10.shake his/her hand/ shake hands with him/her;
B.根据短文内容回答下列问题。
1.1907; 2.how the money was used; 3.poor; 4.Swarthmore;
5.when he was 40/ at the age of 40;
四、语法知识
即时自测：
【答案】
Ⅰ. 同义句转换。
1.is clever enough to
2.is too tired to walk
3.is not enough
4.is too difficult to
5. too high; to reach
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.is rich enough to;
2.is too careless to notice around;
3.are too small for me to wear;
4.old enough to;
5.too, to;
6.too hot to drink;

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