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Unit 2 Exploring English 语法-构词法复习讲义
课前预热：将下列词汇的构成方式配对
( )a .Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
( )b. … sculpt a sculpture…
( )c .When we… see rain…, we can say “it’s raining”…
( )d .WHO
1. abbreviating
2. changing the part of speech
3 .adding a prefix or suffix
4. combining two or more words
词汇是语言不可或缺的组成部分，高效记忆词汇是学英语的关键。构词法可以在一定程度上帮助英语学习者正确辨认单词的词形、词性和理解词意，并迅速扩大词汇量，同时也是学好英语的有效途径之一。
常用构词法如下：
合 成 法 合成名词 weekend周末,cowboy牛仔,sunlight/sunshine阳光 daylight日光，moonlight月光，headache头痛 motor hotel汽车旅店,wetland 湿地
合成形容词 part-time,兼职的，full-time全职的，first-class第一流的,good-looking好看的，well-dressed衣着入时的， well-behave举止得体的，well-known家喻户晓的 warmhearted 热心肠的 , worldwide 世界性的
合成副词 someday终有一日,anywhere任何地方，however然而， whenever无论何时，anyway无论如何，downstairs在楼下，wholeheartedly全神贯注地，
合成介词/动词 without没有，into进入，onto向上面 overcome克服， heartbeat 心跳，breakthrough 突破
合成代词 somebody某人,whatever无论什么，whoever无论谁， everyone每个人，everything每件事，anything任何事
转 化 法 名词 形容词 light 光线/轻的，right 右边/对的 yellow黄色/黄色的
名词 动词 taste 味道/尝起来，dress 连衣裙/穿衣打扮 smell气味/闻起来 sound声音/听起来 look外观/看起来 dream梦想/做梦
动词 形容词 open 打开/开着的:clean打扫/干净的
形容词 副词 late 晚的/迟到:hard 困难的/努力地
派 生 法 添加前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化 表示否定（不.....）的前缀： un--- unlucky不幸的，uneasy不易的，unlike和...不同，unhappy不开心的,unhealthy不健康的，unusual不寻常，unable不能的,unaccountable无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的，uncountable不可数的 ,uncomfortable不自在的，unfortunately不幸地,unfinished,未完成的，undoubted,毫无疑问的，(常用在adj/adv./v-ed.前) 2.non--- nonsmoker不抽烟的人,non-stop直达的；中途不停的,non-durable不耐用的，nonsense无意义的，荒谬的(常用在n.adj.前) 3.in--- inconvenient不便的，inactive不活跃的,inaccurate不准确的,incredible不可思议的,inability无能，无力(常用在adj.n.前) 4.im--- imbalanced不平衡的,impatient不耐心的，impolite不礼貌的,impossible不可能的,improper不恰当的(常用在b/p开头的adj.前) 5.il--- illegal违规的,illogical不合逻辑的,illiterate不识字的，illiberal偏执的，illicit非法的(常用在l开头的adj,n前) 6.ir--- irrespective不考虑的，irreplaceable不可替代的,irregular无规律的，不定期的,irrelevant不相关的(常用在r开头的adj.前) 7.dis--- discover发现，disappear消失，dismiss解雇，不理会，dislike，不喜欢，厌恶，dislocate使脱臼；使混乱，disagree不同意,disadvantage缺点,dishonorable无耻的，dishonest不诚实的(常用在n.adj.v.前) 表示错误或失误的前缀: mis--- mistake错误，misunderstand误解,misdirect误导,mistrust 误信，misappropriate盗用，滥用，misplaced放错位置的 表示两个,双边的前缀: bi--- bilingual涉及两种语言的，biweekly两周一次的；每周两次的,bimonthly两月一次的；每月两次的，bicycle自行车 表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀: inter---interview采访,international国际的，interaction互动，交流， 表示又,再,重新的前缀: re--- retell重述，review复习,rewrite重写,reunion重组,restart重新开始，return返回，归还，回报，rethink重新考虑，remove移走 表示远的前缀: tele ---telephone电话,television电视,telescope 望远镜，telecommunication无线电通讯 表示向前，提前的前缀: pre/pro/fore-- preview预习，prediction预告，precaution预防，proceed前进 project投掷,发射，promote促进,推进，forecast预报,预测,foreword前言,序言,foremost最前的，最重要的
添加后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化 表示人的一些名词后缀及意义 1.-er:从事某事的人,动作的发出者 dancer舞者，singer歌手，writer作家，maker制作人，player玩家，职业运动员，runner田径运动员，winner赢家，teacher教师，painter画家，waiter服务员，侍者 特殊：cooker是厨具，cook烹饪/厨师 2.-ee:表示表示动作的接受者 addresser 发件人,addressee收件人 employer雇主,employee雇员 trainer训练者,trainee受训者 doner捐赠者,donee 受赠者 3.-or: ……的人 actor男演员，inventor发明家，conductor指挥；售票员,visitor游客，来访者,sailor水手，船员,tutor家庭教师，私人教师, 4.-ant: ……的人 assistant助手,participant参与者,applicant申请人 5.-ist: 专业人员 scientist科学家，artist艺术家,biologist生物学家,cartoonist漫画家,psychologist心理学家 -ian: 精通……的人 physician内科医，musician音乐家,technician技术人员,electrician电工 7.-ess: 女性，雌性 actress女演员,waitress女服务员princess公主，prince王子, empress女皇，emperor皇帝 -8.ese/-an/ian: 某国人 /某国的 Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人， German德国人，American美国人，Italian意大利人，Indian印度人，Australian澳大利亚人，Canadian加拿大人 动词变名词的后缀： 1.-ion:行为，状态 attention注意,注意力education教育,invitation邀请，prediction预告,invitation邀请,pollution污染，protection保护，production生产，communication交流，expression表达，impression印象，decision决定，description描述，conclusion结论，推论,participation参与，imagination想象，organization组织 2.-ment:行为；状态；结果 achievement成就，agreement同意，协议，development发展,movement移动，转移,disappointment失望，treatment治疗 3.-ness:性质；状态；程度 happiness幸福，sadness悲伤，illness疾病sickness疾病，kindness善良,sleepiness瞌睡,loneliness孤独，shyness羞怯 4.-th:状态 growth成长,warmth温暖,width宽度,strength力量,depth深度 5.-ship:关系；状态 /身份 friendship友谊,relationship关系,citizenship公民资格，公民身份 membership会员身份，会籍 -age: 行为；结果 heritage遗产，传统,usage用法,shortage短缺，不足,marriage婚姻，carriage旧时的）马车；（火车）车厢；滑架 -ance:行为；结果 appearance外表，外貌，hesitance犹豫，迟疑，sufferance容忍 名词变形容词的后缀： 1.-y: 充满，性质 sunny晴朗的，snowy下雪的，windy刮风的,rainy下雨的,foggy起雾的，cloudy多云的,healthy健康的,funny滑稽的,guilty羞愧的；有罪的 2.-ish: 属性,倾向,相关 foolish傻的,childish孩子气的,girlish少女的；适于女子的,reddish微红的；略带红色的 3.-some:产生…的,引起…的 awesome让人惊叹的,handsome帅气的,troublesome引起麻烦的，令人讨厌的,burdensome负担沉重的，繁重的 4.-ous: 有……性质的 delicious美味的，dangerous危险的,humorous幽默的,suspicious令人怀疑的 5.-ful: 充满……的 useful有用的，harmful有害的，helpful有帮助的，乐于助人的,careful谨慎的,peaceful宁静的,colorful多彩的，painful痛苦的，meaningful有意义的，powerful强大的，successful成功的 6.-less:没有 homeless无家可归的,helpless无助的,careless粗心的,useless没用的，meaningless无意义的 7.-ed: 人感到……的 surprised惊讶的,bored无聊的,excited激动的,relaxed放松的，interested感兴趣的，amazed吃惊的 8.-ing: 令人…的 surprising令人惊讶的,boring令人无聊的exciting令人激动的,relaxing令人放松的,interesting 令人感兴趣的，amazing令人吃惊的 9.-able: 可……的；具有……性质的 valuable有价值的,favorable有利的，良好的，赞成的,fashionable流行的，comfortable令人舒适的，suitable适宜的，合适的，visible看得见的 10.-al: 与……有关的 traditional传统的，emotional情绪的,international国际的,natural自然的，cultural文化的，educational有教育意义的,facial面部的 名词、形容词变动词的后缀： 1.-ify: 使……化 beautify美化,simplify简化,signify意味着，象征,purify使（某物）洁净，净化,identify认出，识别 2.-ize: 做成,变成 realize意识到,modernize现代化,civilize教化，熏陶,normalize正常化，正规化，apologize道歉，认错 3.-en: 变成，使……变 shorten缩短，减少,darken（使）变暗，变黑,sharpen（使）变锋利,lessen（使）缩小，（使）减少,deepen（使）变深，加深
缩 略 法 混成法 breakfast+lunch->brunch早午餐
截短法 laboratory-lab实验室，dormitory-dorm宿舍
首字母缩略法 Gross Domestic Product-GDP国内生产总值，as soon as possible-ASAP尽快
【即学即练】用合适的单词填空
1.His ____________( ill ) was more serious than the doctor first thought .
2. He is such a ______________( honest ) person that we all don ' t believe him .
3. He usually gets up early and eats breakfast ____________( quick ), then goes to work .
4. I ' m not a ____________( cook ),but I am interested in _______________( cook ).
5. Don ' t worry . Your _______________( ill ) is not very serious .
6.A big storm made it _____________________( possible ) for us to go out .
7.It' s ___________( polite ) to talk about subjects like age , weight or money .
8. I think it ' s ________________( fair ) for him to do all the housework .
9. How lucky ! The special bag is for the best______________ ( win ) of the competition .
10. The environment ________________( pollute ) is more and more serious .
11. Thank you for your _______________( kind ).
12. He was one of the best ____________( play ) in yesterday ' s football match .
13. The answer to the question is __________ ( correct ), please think it over and try again .
14. As a book______________ ( love ),Mary volunteers her time to read books to children at school .
15. Even though he is____________ ( polite )you aren’t supposed to be so rude .
16. The little girl ' s face turned red because of her______________ ( shy )
17. There were not many people in the supermarket , so it was ______________( crowd )
18. Watching TV is _____________( relax ).
19. I think the radio is very _______________( use ) for your English .
20. It was _____________( care ) of Jim to leave the tap running all night .
21. I can ' t understand the _____________( mean ) of all the new words .
22. A ____________( strange ) stopped him on his way to the factory .
23. He seems so ___________( polite ) that no one wants to work with him.
24. English is a very_______________( use ) language in the world today .
25. With the ______________ ( develop ) of science and technology , people can live a better life in the future .
26. It ' s _______________( polite ) to speak loudly in public .
27. It ' s ____________( usual ) for such a small hotel to have a big restaurant .
28. The bicycle - sharing system may help reduce air ___________( pollute ) in big cities .
29.( luck ), _______________we caught the plane in time .
30. The children will obey you better if you ask them _______________( polite ).
31.. The environment ___________( pollute ) is more and more serious .
32. Thank you for your ____________( kind )
33. It snowed ___________last night and now the streets are covered with snow .( heavy )
34. He was one of the best _________ in yesterday ' s football match .( play )
35. Look ! How _________Kate is laughing !( happy )
36. In 1989, Hepburn made her final ____________ in the film Always and played the role of an angel .( appear )
37.As a book __________ , Mary volunteers her time to read books to children at school .( love )
38. Sometimes __________( careful ) may lead to big problems .
39. Even though he is ___________ you aren’t supposed to be so rude .( polite )
40. There were not many people in the supermarket , so it was __________.( crowd )
41. Don ' t be____________ ( patient ). Learning English takes some time .
42.A__________( strange ) stopped him on his way to the factory .
43. If you do something _________( mean ), you will have a bunch of reasons to go through the day full of energy .
44. We were touched by the __________ of the welcome .( warm )
45.With the____________ ( develop ) of science and technology , people can live a better life in the future .
46. We do eye exercises ___________ a day to protect our eyes .( two )
47. A bing is a folk ________( music ) who was born in Wuxi in 1893.
48 .- You looked ___________( happy ) just now . What happened to you
- I missed the school bus and arrived late for class .
49.About 9,000 African elephants ___________( appear ) in the 1990s. They ' re in great danger .
50.It' s __________( usual ) for such a small hotel to have a big restaurant .
51.The bicycle - sharing system may help reduce air _________ in big cities .( pollute )
52._______________( luck ), we caught the plane in time .
53. The idea of wearing a mask in public is now ____________ accepted .( wide )
54. The twins want to be great ___________( magic ) when they grow up .
55.All these interesting experiments can ____________ our knowledge .( wide )
56. Many students get ______________( sleep ) after a day of classes .
57.As he went into the room , all the people became silent , which made him very embarrassed
and___________ ( comfortable ).
58. At last the shop owner came to understand that it was ____________to cheat the customers .(honest )
59. If your English is not good , you can be at a ( an )_____________( advantage ) position when finding jobs .
60. I want to be an _____________ ( invent ) when I grow up .
61. The weather was ______________( fair ) fine so we could go camping yesterday .
62. He needs money to buy a house so he wants to sell his car ___________.(cheap)
63. New research suggests there could be ____________ things in the clouds above Venus (金星）.( live )
64. Scientists didn’t find anything _____________( value ) in this area last year
65. The flood which happened last week caused 100 people ' s ___________( die ).
66. Many people know that the zipper (拉链)is a great ____________( invent ) in our daily life .
67.English is ____________ ( wide ) spoken as a second language in the world today .
68.She was _______________ to go to the party because there ' s a mountain of homework .( able )
69. This must be one of her _____________( pride ) moments in her busy and hard - working life .
70. After waiting for half an hour , she got _______________( patient ) and wanted to move .
71. If you keep on working hard , you will be _______________( success ).
72. Many ______________( visit ) came to the hometown of the great man during the vacation .
答案
1.illness 2.dishonest 3. quickly 4. cook cooking 5. illness
6.impossible 7. impolite 8.unfair 9.winners 10.pollution 11. kindness
12. players 13. incorrect 14.lover 15. impolite 16. shyness 17. uncrowded
18.relaxing 19. useful 20. careless 21.meaning 22. stranger 23. impolite 24. useful 25. development 26. impolite 27. unusual 28. pollution
29. Luckily 30. politely 31.pollution 32 .kindness 33. heavily 34.players 35. happily 36. appearance 37. lover 38. carelessness
39.impolite 40.crowded 41.impatient 42. stranger 43. meaningful 44. warmth 45.development 46.twice 47. musician 48. unhappy 49.disappeared 50.unusual 51.pollution 52.Luckily 53.widely 54.magicians 55.widen 56.sleepy 57. uncomfortable 58. dishonest 59.disadvantaging 60.inventor 61.fairly 62.cheaply 63.living
64.valuable 65.deaths 66.invention 67.widely 68.unable
69. proud 70. impatient 71.successful 72.visitors

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