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长沙市一中2024届高考适应性演练（二）
英语试卷
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
（ ）1．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Gifts for Jason. B．A baseball game. C．The woman’s promotion.
（ ）2．How does the man sound
A．Pleased. B．Unconfident. C．Angry.
（ ）3．When will the woman meet her cousin
A．Tomorrow evening. B．Tomorrow morning. C．This afternoon.
（ ）4．What is the man probably going to do
A．Return some books. B．Buy some magazines. C．Go to the hospital.
（ ）5．What is the man planning to do on Saturday
A．Entertain relatives. B．Skate with friends. C．Go out with Mary.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
（ ）6．What does the man work for
A．An online news agency. B．A newspaper. C．A TV channel.
（ ）7．Why does the man like to be a journalist
A．He travels a lot. B．He earns a high pay. C．He gets job satisfaction.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
（ ）8．How long had the woman worked abroad after university
A．For half a year. B．For a year. C．For a year and a half.
（ ）9．Where is World Travel’s main office
A．In Spain. B．In the UK. C．In Australia.
（ ）10．What is the woman’s job mainly about
A．Giving talks. B．Leading the tour. C．Contacting the journalists.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
（ ）11．What does the woman want to know
A．The best way to go to New York.
B．The quickest way to go to New York.
C．The cheapest way to go to New York.
（ ）12．How much does it cost to go to New York by bus
A．$5. B．$15. C．$50.
（ ）13．What do we know from the conversation
A．The woman will go to New York by bus.
B．It takes five hours to go to New York by bus.
C．The woman won’t go to New York by bus.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
（ ）14．How long will the course run this year
A．Eight weeks. B．Six weeks. C．Seven weeks.
（ ）15．What was the woman surprised at
A．The lack of assistants. B．The condition of weather. C．The number of children.
（ ）16．What new activities can the children have this year
A．Fun programs. B．Adventure sports. C．Creative classes.
（ ）17．What is expected about the course this year
A．It will last longer. B．It will run better. C．It will start earlier.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
（ ）18．Why did Mr. Day look at the blanket for a long time but go away
A．He didn’t like its color.
B．The blanket was too big for him to take home.
C．He wanted to get the blanket but could not decide on it.
（ ）19．What was the result
A．Mr. Day didn’t get the blanket.
B．The seller sold the blanket at a lower price.
C．The seller sent the blanket to Mr. Day’s home.
（ ）20．What can we learn from the story
A．The seller was clever, but Mr. Day was foolish.
B．The seller wasn’t honest and Mr. Day was humorous.
C．The seller didn’t want to sell the blanket to Mr. Day.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Irish Writers Centre Novel Fair 2024
The Novel Fair is an annual competition initiated by the Irish Writers Centre (IWC). Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragons’ Cave for writers”, each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novel directly to industry professionals. Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through a series of online meetings. To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on“How to Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are longlisted （初选） but do not make it to the shortlist of twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
How to Enter
Entry fee for application is 55 (Members of IWC can enter for a discounted fee of 45). This competition only accepts manuscripts （原稿） for novels. Applicants are required to send a summary within 300 words and up to five chapters of their novel, which should be 10,000 words (+/-10%). Manuscripts should be submitted online. There is a limit of one entry per applicant.
Entries are welcome from anywhere in the world. Before entering the competition, please ensure that you have read the Novel Fair Terms & Condition s 2024 very carefully as the Fair is open to only novelists who have never published work previously. If you have any questions about the application process, pleaseemailnovelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.
（ ）21．What’s the purpose of the Fair
A．To advertise local stories. B．To encourage literary reading.
C．To serve as a platform for writers. D．To arouse enthusiasm for writing.
（ ）22．What can the workshop help the winners do
A．Deal with the judging panel. B．Improve their writing skills.
C．Learn about publishing process. D．Present their novels attractively.
（ ）23．Which of the following meets the requirement of the Fair
A．A summary of 200 words. B．A novel published in 2023.
C．A paper manuscript by post. D．A submission of seven chapters.
B
When I was a girl of eight, living in a town, I used to work for Mrs. White, an elderly lady. She paid me very little for my work, because she didn’t have much money. She did, however, promise to give me a Christmas present. The girls I played with had baseball gloves, bicycles and ice skates, and I was so eager to acquire any one of these. On Christmas morning, Mrs. White gave me a little package which could hardly hold anything. I was painfully disappointed but she told me it was a kind of magic. My disappointment turned into curiosity.
With great excitement I opened the package, only to find a pile of ten sheets of black paper inside, each labeled in colorful letters, Carbon Paper Regal Premium. I didn’t know what it was. “Is it magic ” I asked. My Aunt Karen, who was a school teacher, answered, “It really is!” She took two pieces of white paper and placed between them one of the black sheets from the box. Then, with a hard pencil, she wrote my name on the upper sheet. Removing it and the Carbon Paper Regal Premium, she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name!
I was enthralled. I wrote and wrote, using up whole tablets until the last piece of black paper was used up. It was a game I didn’t want to end. I was very happy with my special gift. I can honestly say that, in that one moment, I understood as much about printing, copying words and the mystery of spreading ideas as I have learned in the remaining half-century of my life.
I hope that this year some boys and girls will receive, from thoughtful adults who really love them, gifts that will shock them. It is such gifts and such experiences—usually costing little or nothing—that transform a life and lend it a motivation that may continue for decades.
（ ）24．Why did Mrs. White promise to give the girl a Christmas present
A．She wanted to meet the child’s wish. B．She rewarded the girl for her good work.
C．She gave gifts to every child in the town. D．She wanted to make up for the low salary.
（ ）25．What do we know about Carbon Paper Regal Premium
A．It is used in school teaching. B．It is made by special magicians.
C．It usually consists of colorful paper. D．It can copy something written on paper.
（ ）26．What does the underlined sentence “I was enthralled.” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．I was addicted to Carbon Paper Regal Premium.
B．I was curious about Carbon Paper Regal Premium.
C．I was confused about Carbon Paper Regal Premium.
D．I was shocked there was a name on the second sheet.
（ ）27．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．Children should work for others to get a gift. B．A gift with long-term effects is a better choice.
C．Children need to receive a gift that they want. D．Carbon Paper Regal Premium is a perfect gift.
C
On Christmas Eve, a team of reindeer （驯鹿） will help Santa Claus deliver gifts to children all around the world. The reindeers, led by their fearless leader Rudolph, won’t be the only ones doing something special. Back in the highest Arctic, their cousins have a remarkable ability changing their eye color.
During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum （荧光膜）, a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden, which helps bounce the majority of light off the eyes, effectively acting like a pair of natural sunglasses. As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their night vision and see clear in low light conditions.
With these adaptations, reindeer can adapt and thrive in one of the harshest environments on Earth. Unlike humans, reindeer can see well into the shorter Ultra Violet (UV) range. This UV vision enables them to spot food and predators more effectively in the snowy landscape. Lichens, a key part of their winter diet, absorb UV, so they show up dark against UV-reflecting white snow. Wolf and polar bear fur also absorb UV, so instead of disappearing against snow they pop out in high contrast, allowing reindeer to spot potential threats from a distance.
Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers. In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils （瞳孔）. In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
But their unique adaptation may hurt them. Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, poses a potential threat to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way, affecting their ability to survive in their challenging environment. So it is crucial for us to be mindful of our use of electricity and make efforts to minimize light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these magnificent creatures.
（ ）28．What do we know from paragraph 2
A．The shape of reindeer’s eyes varies with seasons.
B．It is difficult for reindeer to live in low light conditions.
C．The tapetum lucidum helps reindeer adapt to seasonal changes.
D．Reindeer’s eyes appear golden in winter while blue in summer.
（ ）29．What is the use of UV vision for reindeer
A．To help them see clear in dark nights.
B．To distinguish food of different colors quickly.
C．To protect their eyes from harsh sunlight in summer.
D．To better locate food and enemies during snowy days.
（ ）30．What does the underlined word “dilate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Relax. B．Expand. C．Narrow. D．Hide.
（ ）31．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To call on people to protect reindeer from light pollution.
B．To show the reasons for the decline in reindeer population.
C．To present humans’ great efforts to reduce artificial lighting.
D．To prove reindeer’s strong adaptability to harsh environments.
D
Toy giant Lego has given up on plans to make its bricks from recycled bottles, in a blow to its efforts to cut carbon emissions （排放）. The company said in 2021 that it aimed to reduce oil-based bricks within two years. But Monday’s statement said it had found that using the new material didn’t reduce carbon emissions. Lego said it remains fully devoted to developing sustainable materials for bricks.
The toy maker makes about 4,400 different bricks. Currently, many of them are made using a plastic, ABS, mainly made from oil. The move, which was first reported in Financial Times, will be seen as a setback （挫折） after an open claim by Lego to improve its sustainability. Like many other companies, Lego has been exploring alternative materials to plastic that will be lasting enough for generations. In 2021, it said it had developed bricks made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, with some other chemicals added, to offer an alternative to oil-based bricks.
But Lego has now discovered that after more than two years of testing, it had found that using recycled PET didn’t reduce carbon emissions. It said extra steps were required in the production process, which meant it needed to use more energy. It has decided not to progress with making bricks from the material, and now testing and developing bricks made from a range of alternative sustainable materials.
Niels B. Christiansen, CEO of Lego, told the FT that it was hard to find “magic material” to fix the firm’s sustainability challenges. “We tested hundreds and hundreds of materials. It’s almost not been possible to find a material like that,” he said.
A spokesperson for the company told the BBC, “We are investing more than $1.2bn in sustainability move in the four years to 2025 as part of our efforts to turn to more sustainable materials and reduce our carbon emissions by 37% by 2032.”
（ ）32．What material has been Lego trying to replace
A．ABS. B．PET. C．Oil. D．Carbon.
（ ）33．What did Lego find after the two-year test
A．It failed to achieve its desired goal. B．Carbon emission was under control.
C．Pressure from competitors was huge. D．Added chemicals harm the environment.
（ ）34．In which part of a newspaper can the text be found
A．Entertainment. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Education
（ ）35．What can be the best title of the passage
A．A New Announcement from Lego B．More Recycling, More Pollution
C．Lego: Dropping Its Low-impact Act D．Lego: Firm Green Goal Despite failure
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Importance of Being Independent
The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses. 36 And learning to support yourself is fundamental for any success you ever hope to achieve. At the end of the day, you only have yourself to fall back on, so it’s very important to be able to handle things on your own.
People rely on others far more than it is necessary. People put their happiness in the hands of a significant person, thinking this will bring them satisfaction. 37
Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not. 38 Therefore, you need to learn how to make decisions on your own. People are unable to be independent for a variety of reasons, with fear being the biggest: the fear of being alone, the fear of rejection and the fear of the future.
However, there is no reason to base your life decisions on relationships with people. All relationships end at some point or another. 39 The only thing you can do is alter your understanding of relationships. Instead of expecting them to make you happy by being in your life and providing enjoyment, appreciate the time spent and enjoyment since you know it will be gone.
40 Don’t ask for advice, do what you want and learn from your own mistakes. Many people are afraid to think for themselves because that involves taking responsibility for their own lives. This is just one way people become dependent. We are born alone and we die alone, so we each have to take responsibility for our lives at every step along the way.
A．There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.
B．This is a serious error too many people make these days.
C．Make decisions by and for yourself, whatever they may be.
D．You can control your own life by making your own choices.
E．However, you need to be independent in order to su rvive in the world.
F．In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is wait for the right time.
G．Not only are you limiting yourself, you are also likely to become a burden to this person.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam, I noticed something odd. Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter （柜台）, preferring to 41 through a smart phone.
What was the crazy thing about this They were just several 42 apart! In fact, they were so close that the staff member took a quick 43 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all without any words 44 . Now, I get it: Modern technology allows us to be more 45 , but I might be witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment. When was the last time you naturally 46 a conversation with somebody you didn’t know The chances are that you don’t even 47 ! Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 48 with a smartphone. Now, with the 49 of digital technologies, one can’t help but pay the 50 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers.
We shop, 51 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app. 52 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer. Yet there are surprising 53 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers. You might learn something 54 , and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 55 a special bond in our modern world.
（ ）41．A．talk B．call C．order D．deliver
（ ）42．A．meters B．millimeters C．kilometers D．centimeters
（ ）43．A．chance B．turn C．look D．test
（ ）44．A．spoken B．written C．typed D．mentioned
（ ）45．A．efficient B．enthusiastic C．effective D．energetic
（ ）46．A．ended up B．engaged in C．made up D．went on
（ ）47．A．hear B．believe C．remember D．understand
（ ）48．A．recording B．studying C．playing D．calculating
（ ）49．A．idea B．aim C．problem D．rise
（ ）50．A．cash B．price C．debt D．tax
（ ）51．A．decorate B．book C．build D．repair
（ ）52．A．Contact B．Work C．Quarrel D．Reunion
（ ）53．A．interests B．benefits C．disadvantages D．influences
（ ）54．A．unrealistic B．unsuitable C．unreasonable D．unexpected
（ ）55．A．serves as B．refers to C．accounts for D．consists of
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Young Chinese are fighting against society through a simple act of resistance: lying down. Examples of the “tangping”, or “lying flat”, way of life 56 (include) not getting married, not having children, and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all. “I stay at home and sleep and watch television series.” said Zhang, who described herself as “lying flat” for the last two weeks 57 leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.
“Tangping” 58 (emerge) over the last few months. Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. 59 (other) call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance. “People realize there is no upward mobility,” said Yicheng Wang, a PhD student in political science at Boston University. The term developed after 60 April post on the Tieba forum, whose author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low-effort, low-cost lifestyle consisting of just a few months’ work out of the year.
“Lying flat is my movement,” he 61 (write), referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who was known for living in a large container. He posted a picture of himself lying in bed in the middle of the day with the curtains 62 (draw).
But as “tangping” gained 63 (popular), it also brought a level of dishonor. Nanfang Daily called the philosophy “shameful”. Global Times made light of it describing “lying flat” as “not a serious philosophy”.
For Zhang in Wuxi, lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society. “Many people want to lie down because 996 is too 64 (tire),” she said, referring to the constant hours common in tech industry, 65 the staff are expected to work from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., six days a week. The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
近年来，露营活动逐渐兴起，但也带来了环境和安全等方面的问题。假定你是李华，请以Leave-No-Trace Camping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。
内容包括：
1．露营造成的问题；
2．爱护环境的倡议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Leave-No-Trace Camping Dear all, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua April 21,2024
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At the beginning of this year, my daughter Helen spent a month in the hospital fighting for her life. Since then, she has had to deal with the disease as well as many side effects. She has met each challenge, disappointment and setback with courage.
With her 16th birthday approaching, Helen dreamt of a party and campfire at the beach with friends, relatives, and her beloved dog, Ginger. It took a while, but I finally found a good beach that allowed dogs and campfires and had easy access. However, a week before her party, Helen’s disease worsened.
Our friend Ian called the night before the party and turned our plans upside down. The small beach we’d selected and the surrounding beaches would host a 30,000-person event on the party night and would be closed. It was a disaster because we had researched no other nearby beach would work.
Helen had her heart set on having her dog and a campfire at the beach, but as usual, she didn’t complain. In her young life, she’s dealt with much worse things than a destroyed birthday party. She sat down and began to quietly cry. After a while Helen decided she’d rather have the party at our home so she could have her dog and a campfire. We called the invitees with the changed plans.
How to design a party at home with dogs and campfire was a challenge. It occurred to us that we could make full use of our yard. Ian’s wife Jayme came first with some small signs, which read: “Welcome to Campbell Beach, where dogs and campfires are welcome. Where the beach is small and the waves are so far away, you must close your eyes to see them, but not so the love for Helen and her little dog. Happy Birthday, Helen!”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An hour later, Ian arrived with a loaded truck. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Helen and her friends couldn’t wait to play on the sand. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
长沙市一中2024届高考适应性演练（二）
英语参考答案
题序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A A C B A A C C C C
题序 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A B C B C A B C A B
题序 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C D A D D A B C D B
题序 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A A A C D E B G A C
题序 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 C D C A A B C C D B
题序 51 52 53 54 55
答案 B A B D A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了爱尔兰作家中心2024年的小说书展活动，包括活动目的、奖品、参与方式等信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragons’ Cave for writers”, each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top publishers and literary agents. （被《爱尔兰时报》描述为“作家的龙洞”，每年的书展旨在向顶级出版商和文学代理商介绍崭露头角的作家）”可知，书展的目的在于为作家提供平台，让他们被出版商和文学代理商认识。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据 The Prize 中“To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on “How to Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. （为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加“如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会）”可知，研讨会将会教获奖者推广他们的小说。由此推知，这会帮助他们把小说精彩地呈现出来。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据How to Enter中“Applicants are required to send a summary with in 300 words and up to five chapters of their novel （申请人必须提交一篇300字以内的摘要,以及小说五个章节以内的内容）”可知，一篇200字的摘要符合书展的要求。故选A项。
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者八岁时得到了怀特太太送的复写纸作为礼物，作者对这种东西非常着迷，并从中学到了印刷、复制文字和传播思想的奥秘。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“She paid me very little for my work, because she didn’t have much money. She did, however, promise to give me a Christmas present. （她给我的工资很少,因为她没有多少钱。然而，她答应给我一份圣诞礼物）”可知，怀特太太答应给那个女孩一份圣诞礼物是因为她想弥补低工资。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“She took two pieces of white paper and placed between them one of the black sheets from the box. Then, with a hard pencil, she wrote my name on the upper sheet. Removing it and the Carbon Paper Regal Premium, she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name! （她拿起两张白纸,从盒子里拿出一张黑布放在它们中间。然后，她用一支硬铅笔把我的名字写在上面那张纸上。她取下那张纸和那张皇家高级复写纸，递给我第二张纸，她的铅笔根本没碰过那张纸。上面却有我的名字！）”可知，Carbon Paper Regal Premium可以复制写在纸上的东西。故选D。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I wrote and wrote, using up whole tablets until the last piece of black paper was used up. It was a game I didn’t want to end. （我写啊写，把整张纸都用完了，直到最后一张黑纸都用完了）”可知，作者一直把Carbon Paper Regal Premium都写完了，说明作者对Carbon Paper Regal Premium着迷了。故划线句意思是“我对Carbon Paper Regal Premium着迷了”。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is such gifts and such experiences—usually costing little or nothing—that transform a life and lend it a motivation that may continue for decades. （正是这样的礼物和经历——通常花费很少或根本不花——改变了一个人的生活，并赋予它一种可能持续几十年的动力）”可推知，作者想要表达的信息是：有长期效果的礼物是更好的选择。故选B。
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极驯鹿的眼睛会随着季节变化而改变颜色，从而适应环境中的光线量，而且它们拥有紫外线视觉，能够在雪地中更好地发现食物和天敌，但是人工照明的使用对驯鹿敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁，我们应当保护驯鹿免受光污染。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum （荧光膜）, a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden, which helps bounce the majority of light off the eyes, effectively acting like a pair of natural sunglasses. As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their night vision and see clear in low light conditions. （在夏季的几个月里, 白天变长, 阳光充足，驯鹿眼睛后部的镜面状的荧光膜呈现出金色，有助于反射眼睛上的大部分光线，有效地起到一副天然太阳镜的作用。随着冬天的到来，白天变短变暗，荧光膜变成蓝色以吸收更多的光线，这使得驯鹿能够提高他们的夜视能力，在弱光条件下也能看得更清楚）”可知，夏季阳光充足时驯鹿眼睛中的荧光膜呈金色，反射大部分光线，冬季阳光减少时荧光膜呈蓝色，吸收更多的光线。由此可知，荧光膜帮助驯鹿适应季节变化。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This UV vision enables them to spot food and predators more effectively in the snowy landscape. （这种紫外线视觉使它们能够在雪地里更有效地发现食物和捕食者）”可知，紫外线视觉让驯鹿在雪天更好地定位食物和天敌。故选D项。
30．词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. （在冬天, 胶原纤维变得更紧, 导致荧光膜主要反射蓝光）”和下文“In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eye. （在夏天，驯鹿的瞳孔会变小，这有助于驯鹿减少进入眼睛的光线量）”可知，此处描述驯鹿眼睛中荧光膜在冬季和夏季的工作机制，夏季时瞳孔会变小，减少进入眼睛的光线量。由此推知，冬天瞳孔会变大，增加进入眼睛的光线量，dilate意思应该是“扩大”，与expand意思相近。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, poses a potential threat to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way, affecting their ability to survive in their challenging environment. So it is crucial for us to be mindful of our use of electricity and make efforts to minimize light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these magnificent creatures. （如今，人工照明的使用越来越多，尤其是在冬季，这对它们敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁。它会使驯鹿迷失方向，影响它们在恶劣环境中的生存能力。因此，对我们来说至关重要的是要注意我们的用电，努力减少光污染，以确保这些出色生物的健康和生存）”可推知，本段主要说明人工照明的使用对驯鹿敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁，呼吁我们保护驯鹿免受光污染。故选A项。
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了乐高公司放弃使用回收塑料瓶制造积木的计划，并探讨了该公司面临的可持续发展挑战。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“The toy maker makes about 4,400 different bricks. Currently, many of them are made using a plastic, ABS, mainly made from oil. （这家玩具制造商生产大约4400种不同的积木。目前，它们中的许多都是用一种主要由石油制成的塑料ABS制成的。）”可知，乐高一直试图取代由石油制成的塑料ABS。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“But Lego has now discovered that after more than two years of testing, it had found that using recycled PET didn’t reduce carbon emissions. （但乐高现在发现，经过两年多的测试，它发现使用回收PET并不能减少碳排放。）”可知，经过两年的测试，乐高发现，PET未能达到预期的目标。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Toy giant Lego has given up on plans to make its bricks from recycled bottles, in a blow to its efforts to cut carbon emissions （排放）. The company said in 2021 that it aimed to reduce oil-based bricks within two years. But Monday’s statement said it had found that using the new material didn’t reduce carbon emissions. Lego said it remains fully devoted to developing sustainable materials for bricks. （玩具巨头乐高（Lego）放弃了用回收瓶子制造积木的计划，这对其减少碳排放的努力造成了打击。该公司在2021年表示，其目标是在两年内减少油基积木的使用。但周一的声明说，它发现使用这种新材料并没有减少碳排放。乐高表示，该公司仍将全力致力于开发可持续的积木材料。）”可知，本文主要报道了乐高公司的动态，所以应来自报纸的经济板块。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Toy giant Lego has given up on plans to make its bricks from recycled bottles, in a blow to its efforts to cut carbon emissions （排放）. The company said in 2021 that it aimed to reduce oil-based bricks within two years. But Monday’s statement said it had found that using the new material didn’t reduce carbon emissions. Lego said it remains fully devoted to developing sustainable materials for bricks. （玩具巨头乐高（Lego）放弃了用回收瓶子制造积木的计划，这对其减少碳排放的努力造成了打击。该公司在2021年表示，其目标是在两年内减少油基积木的使用。但周一的声明说，它发现使用这种新材料并没有减少碳排放。乐高表示，该公司仍将全力致力于开发可持续的积木材料。）”纵观可知，本文介绍了乐高公司放弃使用回收塑料瓶制造积木的计划，并探讨了该公司面临的可持续发展挑战，所以D项“Lego: Firm Green Goal Despite failure （乐高：尽管失败，但坚定的绿色目标）”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“独立”的重要性进行论述，阐述了独立对于个人成长和成功的重要性。
36．根据空前“The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses. （独立的能力不是每个人都具备的。）”可知，不是每个人都具备独立的能力。而空后“And learning to support yourself is fundamental for any success you ever hope to achieve. （学习支持自己是你想要获得成功的基础。）”可知，独立是成功的基础。选项E“However, you need to be independent in order to survive in the world. （然而，为了在这个世界上生存，你需要独立。）”承上启下，与上文存在转折关系，指的是虽然不是每个人都具备独立的能力，但是我们必须独立才能生存，同时引出下文，指出我们应该学会独立。故选E。
37．根据空前“People rely on others far more than it is necessary. People put their happiness in the hands of a significant person, thinking this will bring them satisfaction. （人们对别人的依赖远远超过了必要的程度。人们把自己的幸福交到重要的人手里，以为这会给他们带来满足。）”可知，人们总是过度依赖别人。而根据下文“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not. （你应该一直依赖别人吗？当然不是。）”可判断，总是依赖他人是不对的。选项B“This is a serious error too many people make these days. （这是现在很多人犯的严重错误。）”是上文内容的总结，指出人们总是过度依赖他人，这是错误的。故选B。
38．根据空前内容“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not. （你应该一直依赖别人吗？当然不是。）”可知，我们不应该总是依赖别人。选项G“Not only are you limiting yourself, you are also likely to become a burden to this person. （你不仅限制了自己,还可能成为对方的负担。）”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是如果我们总是依赖别人，我们不但限制了自己还可能成为对方的负担。故选G。
39．根据空前内容“However, there is no reason to base your life decisions on relationships with people. All relationships end at some point or another. （然而，没有理由把你的人生决定建立在与人的关系上。所有的关系都有结束的时候。）”可知，所有的关系都有结束的时候；而根据下文“The only thing you can do is alter your understanding of relationships. （你唯一能做的就是改变你对人际关系的理解。）”可知，对于“所有的关系都有结束的时候”这件事，我们是无法改变的。选项A“There is nothing you can do to change or affect that. （你无法改变或影响这一点。）”承上启下，承接上文说明我们无法改变这一点，引出下文，我们只有改变自己对人际关系的理解。故选A。
40．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Don’t ask for advice, do what you want and learn from your own mistakes. Many people are afraid to think for themselves because that involves taking responsibility for their own lives. This is just one way people become dependent. We are born alone and we die alone, so we each have to take responsibility for our lives at every step along the way. （不要寻求建议，做你想做的，从自己的错误中吸取教训。许多人害怕独立思考，因为这涉及到为自己的生活负责。这只是人们变得依赖的一种方式。我们孤独地出生，孤独地死去，所以我们每个人都必须为自己生命中的每一步负责。）”可知，在本段中，作者建议我们做自己想做的，为自己的每一步负责。选项C“Make decisions by and for yourself, whatever they may be. （自己做决定，不管决定是什么。）”与本段内容相符，指出对于自己的人生，我们应该做出自己的决定。故选C。
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起，人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情，从而失去了和陌生人说话的能力。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：来吃东西的顾客忽略了站在柜台后面的人，他们更喜欢通过智能手机点餐。A．talk谈话；B．call呼叫；C．order预定；D．deliver传送。根据下文“through a smart phone”可知，在餐馆中顾客是通过智能手机点餐。故选C项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只相距几厘米！A．meters米；B．millimeters毫米；C．kilometers千米；D．centimeters厘米。根据下文“they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables”可知，工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕，故他们相距只有几厘米远。故选D项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们离得太近了，以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕，就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。A．chance机会；B．turn转动；C．look看；D．test测验。根据上文“they were so close”及下文“at his screen”可知，工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕。故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们离得太近了，以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕，就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。A．spoken说；B．written写；C．typed打字；D．mentioned提到。根据下文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。故选A项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我明白了：现代技术让我们更有效率，但我可能看到了更深层次的东西：我们更喜欢不再与人交谈。A．efficient高效的；B．enthusiastic热情的；C．effective有效的；D．energetic精力充沛的。根据下文“one can’t help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency”可知，现代技术使我们更加高效。故选A项。
46．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你上一次自然地与一个你不认识的人交谈是什么时候？A．ended up最终；B．engaged in从事，参与；C．made up组成；D．went on继续。根据上文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈的时候。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很可能你都不记得了！A．hear听；B．believe相信；C．remember记得；D．understand理解。根据上文“When was the last time”可知，这里是指你不记得上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很可能你或对方都在忙于其他事情，比如玩智能手机。A．recording录音；B．studying研究；C．playing玩；D．calculating计算。根据上文“busy”和下文的“with a smartphone”可知，人们在忙着玩手机。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，随着数字技术的兴起，人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价：我们与陌生人交谈的能力。A．idea想法；B．aim目标；C．problem问题；D．rise兴起，提高。根据下文“modern efficiency”可知，正是随着数字技术的兴起，人们的现代效率得以提高。故选D项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，随着数字技术的兴起，人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价：我们与陌生人交谈的能力。A．cash现金；B．price代价；C．debt债务；D．tax税。pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语。故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们通过应用程序购物、预订酒店或叫出租车。A．decorate装饰；B．book预定；C．build构建；D．repair修理。根据下文“all via an app”可知，我们通过应用程序预订酒店。故选B项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与随意的陌生人接触越来越少。A．Contact接触；B．Work工作；C．Quarrel争吵；D．Reunion重聚。根据上文“We shop, 11 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app.”可知，人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情，故和陌生人的接触少了。故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与陌生人进行简短的交谈也有令人惊奇的好处。A．interests 利益；B．benefits好处；C．disadvantages缺点；D．influences影响。根据下文“You might learn something 14 , and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world.”可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好处。故选B项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会学到一些意想不到的东西，毫无疑问，它有力量丰富你对他人的理解，并在我们的现代世界中成为一种特殊的纽带。A．unrealistic不切实际；B．unsuitable不合适的；C．unreasonable不合理的；D．unexpected想不到的。根据上文“having even a short and simple conversation with strangers”可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的东西。故选D项。
55．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你可能会学到一些意想不到的东西，毫无疑问，它有力量丰富你对他人的理解，并在我们的现代世界中成为一种特殊的纽带。A．serves as充当；B．refers to指的是；C．accounts for导致；D．consists of由组成。根据下文“a special bond in our modern world”可知，和陌生人交谈可以担当现代生活中的纽带。故选A项。
56．include 57．after 58．has emerged 59．Others 60．an
61．wrote 62．drawn 63．popularity 64．tiring 65．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种社会现象——中国年轻人通过“躺平”的生活方式对抗生活压力。
56．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“躺平”生活方式的例子包括不结婚、不生孩子、拒绝加班或根本不工作。include做谓语动词，陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Examples复数，谓语复数形式。故填include。
57．考查介词。句意：“我呆在家里睡觉，看电视连续剧。”张女士说，她辞去无锡电影业的工作之后，两周都处于“躺平”状态。介词after（在……之后）符合句意。故填after。
58．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“躺平”在过去几个月出现了。emerge 做谓语动词，由时间状语over the last few months可知用现在完成时，主动语态，主语“Tangping”单数，谓语单数形式。故填has emerged。
59．考查代词。句意：其他人称他们的行为是非暴力抵抗的一种形式。some…others… （一些人……另一些人……），首字母大写。故填Others。
60．考查冠词。句意：这个词是在4月份贴吧论坛上的一篇帖子后发展而来的，该文章的作者在过去两年中失业，描述了一种低努力、低成本、一年中只有几个月的工作的生活方式。此处泛指“一篇4月份的帖子”，April以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
61．考查时态。句意：“躺平是我的运动，”他写道，提及以睡在大箱子里而闻名的希腊哲学家第欧根尼。事情发生在过去，谓语动词write用一般过去时。故填wrote。
62．考查过去分词。句意：他贴了一张自己中午拉着窗帘躺在床上的照片。with复合结构，逻辑主语the curtains和非谓语动词draw是被动关系，draw用过去分词做宾补。故填drawn。
63．考查名词。句意：但随着“躺平”越来越受欢迎，它也带来了一定程度的耻辱。抽象名词popularity做宾语。故填popularity。
64．考查形容词。句意：她说，“很多人想躺平，因为996太累了”，996指的是科技行业中常见的固定工作时间，员工每周工作六天，从早上9点到晚上9点。主语996是物，用修饰形容物的-ing形容词tiring作表语。故填tiring。
65．考查定语从句。句意：她说，“很多人想躺平，因为996太累了”，996指的是科技行业中常见的固定工作时间，员工每周工作六天，从早上9点到晚上9点。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tech industry,在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
第一节
Leave-No-Trace Camping
Dear all,
In recent years, camping has become increasingly popular as a recreational activity. However, it has brought about various environmental and safety issues.
Improper disposal of trash pollutes the environment and harms wildlife. Additionally, campfires that are not properly extinguished can lead to wildfires and devastate ecosystems.
To address these problems and promote environmental conservation, I propose the following initiatives. Firstly, let’s make a conscious effort to pack out everything we bring in and properly dispose of garbage in waste bins. Secondly, to be cautious, ensuring campfires completely extinguished before leaving the site. In addition, you’re merciful to avoid disturbing animals’ habitats, and stay on appointed trails to minimize any potential damage to fragile vegetation.
Let us join hands in preserving environment while enjoying ourselves outdoors.
Li Hua
April 21, 2024
第二节
An hour later; Ian arrived with a loaded truck. Hardly had Ian arrived when we began to unload from the truck, which was filled with plenty of sand, palm trees, beach toys, torches, and other necessities for the party. I was overwhelmed with a mixture of surprise and gratitude. We made an effort to set everything up in the yard, small signs hanging. Small as the beach was, Helen couldn’t contain her joy and excitement. With all the things arranged well, the guests arrived.
Children could not wait to play on the sand. Not only did they build their sand castles, but they also li t torches and enjoyed the company of the campfire. With the dog barking happily, the children heartily laughed and played on the “beach” around the campfire. When the birthday cake was ready, all the friends sang songs together to express their blessings to Helen. The birthday girl was in high spirits. It was the “beach” built with so much love that made her blessed with an unforgettable birthday.
听力材料
Text 1
W: It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason’s retirement.
M: Yes, his office is filled with gifts. I gave him a T-shirt with a baseball pattern on it.
W: That’s nice. I’ll get him something this afternoon. Hope it’s not late.
Text 2
W: Hi, Jason. I’m calling to tell you that your interview last Thursday went very well. We’d like to offer you the job at the salary you requested.
M: Wow, that’s great. When can I start
W: You could start on Monday.
Text 3
M: Gwen came back from Shanghai last night. Let’s hang out with her this afternoon!
W: Sorry, I have to visit my cousin then. I won’t be back until tomorrow morning.
Text 4
W: I’ve had it with being sick in bed. I’ve read most of these magazines twice.
M: Well, if it helps, I’ll run to the store and get you some new ones.
Text 5
W: We’re going skating this weekend. Can you and Mary come along
M: I don’t think we’ll be able to make it. My brother’s family is coming on Saturday.
Text 6
W: What do you do for a living
M: I’m a journalist.
W: Really I have great respect for you guys. Do you work for a newspaper or a television channel
M: I work for an online news agency.
W: Great. When I was in college, I was keen on becoming a journalist, but my parents didn’t support me. They felt that journalism was a risky field to be in, though they are well-paid and do a lot of traveling.
M: Yes, journalists have to take a lot of risks and challenges. Sometimes we risk our own lives in our quest to find the truth. But the satisfaction we get is huge. Actually, that’s what keeps us in this job.
W: You are right. Job satisfaction is far more important than job safety.
Text 7
M: Sylvia, you left university with a degree in German and Spanish. How did you get your job on travel
W: After I left university I spent a year as an English teacher in Spain, followed by six months as a tour guide in Italy. When I returned to England, the company World Travel needed an assistant, because the manager’s assistant left after being with the company for twelve months. I was promoted to a manager position four months after joining. And I did manage to go to the company’s head office in Australia last year.
M: Good for you! What does the job involve
W: Well, we get requests from journalists who often ring us to see if we can help. So I’m mainly in charge of that. I sometimes give talks to people in the travel industry.
M: So, how do you see your career developing
W: Well, I don’t think I’m good enough to be a full-time writer. But my boss has a lot of contacts in the TV world, and I fancy becoming a TV presenter. At the moment I’m enjoying my job far too much to give it up.
Text 8
M: Good morning, Madam. Can I help you
W: Ah, yes. I want to go to New York and I’m not so sure of the best way to get there.
M: Well, you could get there by the long distance bus. It’s only $15.
W: Mm, that’s not bad. How long does it take me to get there
M: It takes you about ten hours.
W: Ten hours
M: Well, yes. But you can go at night, so you might get some sleep along the way.
W: Oh, no. I never sleep sitting up.
Text 9
M: Hello, everyone. We are lucky to have Molly Taylor here today. Molly is organizing an activity course for the summer holidays. Molly, this is the second year of the course, isn’t it
W: Yes. The summer course operated for the first time last year for a six-week period. We did think about making it longer this year and have a seven-week course, as there’re some schools which finish term a week earlier. In fact, two schools have eight-week holidays. But in the end we decided to keep to the same plan as last year.
M: But, as I understand, last year’s course wasn’t a complete success, was it
W: Well, we were actually very surprised by the number of people interested in the course. We didn’t actually have enough assistants to look after all the children. Besides, there was such a lot of rain that we couldn’t go outside as often as we wanted to.
M: So, what activities can the children look forward to this year
W: Well, once again there’ll be artists and musicians who will lead creative classes. We also considered providing some more exciting adventure sports. But we decided not to, in the end. Instead we’re introducing some fun programs. I think it’ll be good fun for children.
Text 10
W: Mr. Day was on holiday. He was staying in a small town famous for blankets. One sunny morning he went to the market, and saw a beautiful blanket there. It was big and full of rich colors. He looked at it for a long time, and then went away. The next day he asked about the price.
“This one, Sir This is a very special blanket,” said the woman.
“Yes, but how much is it ”
“It’s a special one, Sir, so it is not cheap. It’s beautiful, isn’t it ”
“Yes, it is very beautiful but…”
“It is also very old. It belonged to a great man many years ago. So I can’t sell it cheap.”
“No. How much is it ”Mr. Day asked again.
“A beautiful old blanket, Sir, and also a magic one. A magic flying blanket. A man came this morning and offered me five hundred pounds for it.”
“Oh,” said Mr. Day.
“But I like you, Sir. You look like a very nice gentleman. I will sell it to you. Five hundred and fifty pounds.”
“Hmm,” Mr. Day thought for a moment, “All right.”
“Very good, Sir,” said the woman. “Will you pay now and take it with you ”
“No,” said Mr. Day. “Here is my address. Fly over on the blanket. I’ll pay you when you arrive.”

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