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高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part thirty（词根词缀排序）
1. 与“视”相关的词根:
vis, vid = see
sight (n.) 视力/觉/野；看/瞥见；景象，情景，风景；景点
拓展:
at first sight 乍一看
catch sight of 看见；瞥见
lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记
come into sight 进入视野；映入眼帘
lose one’s sight 失明
at the sight of 一看到
out of sight 看不见，在视野以外
in/within sight 在视野内
sightseeing (n.) 观光；游览
go sightseeing 去观光
例句:
At first sight，it seems a silly question. (乍一看，这似乎是一个愚蠢的问题。)
She caught sight of a car in the distance. (她看见远处有辆车。)
易错点拨: lose sight of 意为“(因视线模糊或距离远等)看不见”；lose one’s sight 意为“失明”，两者意义不同。
串记: When the sights came into sight, the tourists burst into cheers except those losing sight of them. (当景色进入视线时，除了那些看不见的人外，游客们都欢呼起来。)
2. 与“短”相关的词根:
brevi = short
short (a.) 短的；矮的；简短的；不足的，短缺的
拓展:
be short for ……的缩写
be short of 缺乏，不足
cut short 中断；简化
for short 简略，简称，缩写
in short 简而言之，总之
run short 用完，耗尽
(take) a short cut 走捷径
shortly (ad.) 不久
shortage (n.) 不足
cover the shortage of 弥补……不足
shortcoming (n.) 缺点，短处
shortcut (n.) 捷径
shorten (v.) 弄短，缩短，减少；使松脆
例句:
I couldn't buy the book because I was short of money. (因为钱不够，我没法买那本书。)
There aren't really any shortcuts to learning English. (学习英语其实没有什么捷径。)
串记: In short, when we are short of goods, there will be in short supply. (总之，货物短缺时，就会出现供不应求。)
3. 与“社会”相关的词根:
soci = companion, ally
social (a.) 社会/交的；群居的
拓展:
social problem (system，security) 社会问题(制度，保障)
social life 社交生活
socially (ad.) 在社会上；在社交方面；善于交际地
socialism (n.) 社会主义
socialist (n.) 社会主义者；(a.) 社会主义(者)的
society (n.) 社会/团；交往
例句:
Socialists are those who believe in socialism. (社会主义者是那些相信社会主义的人。)
串记: Team sports help to develop a child's social skills, and social skills are very important in society. (团队体育运动有助于培养孩子的交际能力, 社交技能在社会中非常重要。)
4. 与“声”相关的词根:
son = sound
sound (n./v./a.) 声音；影响；(使)发声，(使)响；听起来；明智的，合理的；健康/全的
拓展:
sound like 听起来像
catch the sound of 听到…的声音
out of sound of sb's voice 在听不到某人声音的地方
to a sound 随着声音
to the sound of music 和着乐曲声
within sound of sb's voice 在听得到某人声音的地方
例句:
As far as we ourselves are concerned, we are safe and sound. (至于我们自身,则安然无恙。)
辨析:
sound: 泛指一切声音，尤指悦耳的声音
noise: 指噪音，令人厌烦的声音
voice: 指人的嗓音，讲话声
串记: The explanation of the strange sound sounds sound. (对奇怪声音的解释听起来很合理。)
5. 与“专家”相关的词根:
spec = look, see
special (a./n.) 特别/殊的；专门的，特设的；n. 特别的人物；特色菜；特价品
拓展:
specially (ad.) 特别地；专门地
especially 特别，尤其
speciality (n.) 专业/长; 特性
specialty (n.) 专业/长；特性/产；招牌菜
specialist (n.) 专家；专门医师
specialize/specialise (vt.) 使专门化
specialize in 专攻，专门研究
例句:
There is something special about this place. (这个地方有几分特别。)
串记: The specialty that the specialist recommended in this restaurant is special, especially to the youth. (专家推荐这家餐厅的特色菜很特别，尤其是对年轻人来说。)
6. 与“速度”相关的词根:
speed = success
speed (n./v.) 速度；(使)加速；超速行驶；快速运送；加快，促进
拓展:
at full speed 全速
at a speed of 以……速度
speed up 加速
with great speed 全速地
例句:
As life pace continues to speed up, we are quickly losing the art of enjoyment. (随着生活节奏的不断加速，我们正在飞快地失去享受的技能。)
He finished the work with amazing speed. (他以惊人的速度完成了这项工作。)
串记: Drivers can only drive at a speed of 60km per hour. If they are caught speeding, they will be fined. (司机只能以每小时60公里的速度开车。如果他们超速被抓，他们将被罚款。)
7. 与“精神”相关的词根:
spir = breathe
spirit (n.) 精神；灵魂；(复)情绪，心情；烈酒
拓展:
in high spirits 情绪高涨，精力充沛
in low spirits 情绪低落
lose one's spirits 垂头丧气 ，沮丧
keep up one's spirits 振作精神
raise sb's spirits 提高某人的士气〔情绪〕
team spirit 团队精神；合作精神
spiritual (a.) 精神的，心灵的
例句:
You must try and keep your spirits up. (你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。)
串记: The sense of team spirit is important in the development. If someone is in low spirits, it will have a bad effect on the team. (团队精神在发展中是很重要的。如果有人情绪低落，就会对团队产生不好的影响。)
8. 其他词汇:
sign (n./v.) 符号，标记，指示牌；示意，手势；迹象，征兆；签名/字/署
拓展:
(1) sign to sb. to do sth. 打手势让某人做某事
sign in/out 签到/退
sign up 签约雇佣(某人)；报名参加
(2) a sign of ……的迹象/征兆/标志
signal (n.) 信号
signature (n.) 署/签名；信号
例句:
For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave. (为了安全原因，你到达大厦时请签到，离开时请签退。)
Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. (因此，应建议学生尽快报名参加。)
串记: The parents whose children signed up for the summer camp must sign a contract with the company. (孩子报名参加夏令营的父母必须与公司签订合同。)
similar (a.) 类/相似的 (反 different)
拓展:
be similar to 与......相似
be similar in 在某方面相似
similarity (n.) 类似；相似点
similarly (ad.) 类似地，差不多地；同样地，也
例句:
Although this computer is similar in size and design to that one, they differ in quality. (尽管这台计算机与那台在大小和设计方面相似，但它们的质量不同。)
Plants need water and sunlight to grow well. Similarly, a healthy body requires a balanced diet. (植物生长需要水和阳光。同样，健康的身体需要均衡的饮食。)
串记: Similarly, we can see this report is similar to that one. The similarity between them suggests that one person wrote both. (同样，我们可以看到这份报告与该报告相似。它们之间的相似性表明，一个人写了两个。)
simple (a.) 简单/易的；朴素的；纯粹的
拓展:
simplify (vt.) 简化；使单纯；使简易
simplication (n.) 简单化；单纯化
simply (ad.) 简单地；仅仅；简直；朴素地
例句:
He was simple and direct in the way he spoke. (他说话的方式坦率直爽。)
串记: The accommodation is simple but spacious. I simply do not know where to sit. (住处简朴但宽敞。我简直不知道坐在哪儿。)
skill (n.) 技能；技巧/艺
拓展:
have skill at/in… 在……方面有技巧
skilled (a.) 熟练的；有技能的
be skilled at(in)…… 有……技能，擅长
skillful/skilful (a.) 熟练的；巧妙的 (反 unskilfull)
be skillful in(at) 在……熟练
be skillful with 熟练使用
例句:
The crisis put his courage and skill to the test. (这次危难是对他的勇气和技能的考验。)
串记: The woman with professional skills is highly skilled at dealing with difficult customers. (拥有熟练专业技能的女性在处理棘手的客户方面非常熟练。)
some (a./pron./ad.) 一些，若干，有些；某一(与单数名词连用)；一些，若干；(作复数用)有些人(或东西)；(用于数字及few之前)大约，稍微
拓展:
somebody/someone (pron.) 某人；某人
someday/some day 某一天
somehow (ad.) 不知怎么地
sometime (ad.) 某时
sometimes (ad.) 有时(候)
some time 一些时间，一段时间
something (pron.) 某事
have something to do with 与…有关系
somewhat (ad.) 有点，有几分
somewhere (ad.) 某地
例句:
Sometimes the beggar got some money somehow.
串记: Sometime someone will be waiting for you somewhere in your life.
辨析:
some “一些，某”常用于肯定句中，也可用于表示请求、邀请、征求意见的疑问句中。
any “任何一些，任何一个”，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。
sorry (a.) 对不起，抱歉的；难过的，同情的；后悔的，遗憾的
拓展:
be sorry about sth. 对某事感到抱歉
be sorry for sb. 对某人感到抱歉
be sorry to do sth. 因为做某事难过/抱歉
be sorry (that) 从句 对/因某事抱歉
sorrow (n.) 悲伤
to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
sorrowful (a.) 悲伤的
例句:
We're very sorry about the damage to your car. (损坏了你的车，我们真是过意不去。)
串记: I’m sorry to hear that you live a sorrowful life. (听说你过着悲惨的生活，我很难过。)
sort (n./vt.) 种类，类别/型(同type, kind)；把……分类，整理
拓展:
a sort of 一种
in some sort 稍微，多少
sort of 有几分地，有点
sort out(from) (从…)选出，把……分类出
例句:
We must sort out the good apples from the bad. (我们必须把好苹果与坏苹果分开。)
串记: There are all sorts of objects which need sorting out. (有很多物品需要整理。)
辨析:
kind 指同类物品中，根据特征、性质而分成类别
sort 与 kind 同义，常换用，但多指大致相似的人和物，多用于口语，商业用语，有时有些轻蔑的意味
type 指同一种事物中具有共同特征的物品所形成的种类，范围较 kind 小
spare (a./v.) 空余的; 闲置的; 备用的；抽腾出；赦免；备用品
拓展:
（1）spare sb. sth. (＝spare sth. for sb. ) 为某人抽出……
sprite no efforts(costs, expense) on sth. 在……不遗余力(不惜成本，不惜工本)
sprite no efforts(costs, expense) to do... 不遗余力(不惜成本，不惜工本)做……
to spare 剩余的
(2) in one’s spare time 在某人业余时间
例句:
In my spare time，I often go to the English Corner. (在业余时间，我经常去英语角。)
I will spare no effort to help you with your English. (我将不遗余力地帮助你学习英语。)
I’m sorry I have no time to spare(spare) at the moment. (对不起，我现在没有时间可用。)
They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to spare. (他们动身晚了，到达机场时只剩下几分钟了。)
Now parents spare no expenses on their children’s education. (现在父母在孩子的教育上不吝惜花费。)
串记: Though we have spared no effort to do to do it, we can only spare one spare room for you. (尽管我们已经竭尽全力了，我们只能给你腾出一间空房。)
speak (v.) 说，讲；演讲；发言；说(语言、真话)
拓展:
speak of (或 about) 说到（谈论）
speak highly of 赞扬
speak to (或 with) sb. about sth. 对某人谈某事
speak to sb. on sth. 给某人作有关某事的报告。
generally speaking 一般地说
not to speak of 更不用说，且不说
spesk of A as B 把 A 说成是 B
speak out/up 更大声地说；无保留地说出
speaker (n.) 演讲者；扬声器
spoken (a.) 口头的
spokesman(spokeswoman) (n.) (女)发/代言人
例句:
I've spoken to the manager about it. (那件事我已经和经理谈过了。)
串记: The spokesman you are speaking to is spoken highly of. (和你说话的那位发言人受到了高度赞扬。)
spend (v.) 度过，消磨；花费(钱、时间等)
拓展:
spend time(in) doing 花时间做……
spend money(time) on sth. 花钱(时间)在……上
spend sth for sth/v-ing 为…花费…
be spent up 把钱花光
例句:
It is not wise to spend too much time playing with smart phones. (花太多时间玩智能手机是不明智的。)
串记: Most of her life was spent in caring for others. (她大半辈子的时间都用来照顾别人了。)
spot (n./v.) 点，斑/污点；瑕疵；场所，地点；沾上污渍，弄脏；发现，认出
拓展:
(1) on the spot 在现场；当场
in a spot 处于困境
(2) be spotted with 满是……斑点
spotless (a.) 无污点/瑕疵的 (同 perfect/flawless)
例句:
Luckily, there was a doctor on the spot when the accident happened. (幸运的是，事发时现场有一位医生。)
This is the very spot where we last met. (这就是我们上次见面的地方。)
点津: spot 用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用 where 来引导。
串记: The crime spot was covered with spots, but the police soon spotted something useful. (案发现场全是污渍，但警察还是很快就发现了有用的线索。)
练习
一、语法填空。
The company is developing a new software program that will greatly __________ (simple) the process of online shopping.
The injured player was taken off the field on a __________ (stretch), his leg badly hurt.
__________ (speak) of travel, I've always wanted to visit the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu.
The witness was able to __________ (spot) the suspect in the lineup immediately.
We should __________ (spare) no effort in protecting the environment for future generations.
The students were in high __________ (spirit) after winning the championship game.
__________ (similar) to many other countries, China has a rich and diverse culture.
The scientist's groundbreaking research has __________ (special) in the field of renewable energy.
With the advancement of technology, information travels at an incredible __________ (speed).
She __________ (spend) most of her childhood in a small village in the mountains.
二、单句改错。
The manager spoke highly the young employee's dedication and hard work.
It's important to have some spare time to relax and recharge.
The view from the mountaintop was breathtaking sight.
He was skillful in playing the piano and the violin.
Some people are naturally good at learn new languages.
We should try our best to sort out the problems between us.
She spent a lot of money for clothes and shoes.
The child fell sick suddenly and had to be taken to the hospital.
The sign on the door said, "No entry".
The twins are so similar that it's hard to tell them apart.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
许多人报名参加了这个志愿者项目。(sign up for)
Many people ________ ________ ________ this volunteer project.
总之，我们必须采取行动应对气候变化。(in short)
________ ________, we must take action to address climate change.
警方在案发现场发现了重要线索。(spot)
The police ________ an important clue at the crime scene.
老师向我们展示了如何使用这个新设备。(show sb. how to do sth.)
The teacher ________ us ________ ________ use this new equipment.
他对自己的错误感到抱歉。(be sorry for)
He ________ ________ ________ his mistakes.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
我们必须加快速度，否则就赶不上火车了。(speed up)
听到这个坏消息，她情绪低落。(in low spirits)
这两个城市在很多方面都很相似。(be similar to)
这些文件需要整理归档。(sort out)
看到家乡的变化，他感到既高兴又悲伤。(to one's sorrow)
答案：
一、语法填空。
simplify (simplify the process of online shopping：简化网购流程，符合语境)
stretcher (on a stretcher：在担架上，符合受伤被抬下场的语境)
Speaking (Speaking of...：说到……，常用句型)
spot (spot the suspect：认出嫌疑人，符合语境)
spare (spare no effort in doing sth.：不遗余力做某事，固定搭配)
spirits (in high spirits：情绪高涨，固定搭配)
Similarly (Similarly to…：与……相似地，引导比较状语从句)
specialized (specialize in：专攻，专门研究)
speed (at an incredible speed：以惊人的速度)
spent (spend time in doing sth.：花费时间做某事)
二、单句改错。
high→highly (speak highly of sb./sth.：高度赞扬某人/某事，固定搭配)
√ (句子结构和用词均正确)
sight→scene (breathtaking scene：令人惊叹的景象，sight指视力或视野)
skillful→skilled (be skilled in doing sth.：擅长做某事，固定搭配)
learn→learning (be good at doing sth.：擅长做某事)
sort out→solve (sort out指分类整理，solve指解决问题)
for→on (spend money on sth.：在某事上花钱，固定搭配)
√ (句子结构和用词均正确)
√ (句子结构和用词均正确)
similar→so similar (so…that…引导结果状语从句)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
signed up for (sign up for：报名参加)
In short (In short：总之，简而言之)
spotted (spot：发现，认出)
showed, how to (show sb. how to do sth.：教某人如何做某事)
is sorry for (be sorry for：对……感到抱歉)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
We must speed up, or we will miss the train. (speed up: 加快速度)
She was in low spirits after hearing the bad news. (in low spirits：情绪低落)
The two cities are similar to each other in many ways. (be similar to：与……相似)
These documents need to be sorted out and filed. (sort out：整理，分类)
To his sorrow, he felt both happy and sad seeing the changes in his hometown. (to one's sorrow：令某人悲伤的是)高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-eight（词根词缀排序）
1. -ify 词缀 (使…成为)
satisfy /'s t sfa / vt. (使)满足/意
拓展词组:
satisfy/meet one’s needs/demands 满足某人的需要/要求
satisfy sb．of(或that)使某人确信
例句: The education must satisfy the needs of all children. 教育必须满足所有儿童的需要。
近义词辨析:
satisfy: 强调使人感到满意或满足某种需求。
please: 强调使人感到高兴或愉快。
content: 强调使人感到满足或知足。
串记例句: What satisfies us is that the satisfying gift made him satisfied. 使我们满意的是，令人满意的礼物使他满意。
其他相关词汇:
satisfied adj.(感到)满意的
satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfaction n.满意
2. re- 前缀 (再次，重新)
review /r 'vju / n. & v. 复/温习(revise, go over)；复查；回顾，反思；评论
拓展词组:
give a review of 回顾…
have a review of 对…进行复习,复习…
in /under review 在检查中
keep under review不断复查
review for 为…复习,为…写评论
例句: When you review your lessons, mark the places which you do not understand. 当你们复习功课的时候，遇到不懂的地方把它们标出来。
近义词辨析:
review: 指对已经学过的知识进行复习或回顾。
revise: 指对文章或计划进行修改或修订。
串记例句: The book review requires to be reviewed. 书评是需要复习的。
reward/r 'w d/ n. & v. 报答/酬；奖赏
拓展词组:
(1)as a reward for ...作为对……的回报
in reward for ... 为了酬谢或报答……
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.＝give/offer sb. a reward for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬/回报
(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
reward sb. with ... 用……报答/回报某人
例句: The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。
近义词辨析:
reward: 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报答或奖赏、奖金
award: 指正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予；往往鼓励杰出的表现或对所提出的要求而进行的一种奖励。常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.
串记例句: Parents often give their children rewards for passing exams. But whether this way is rewarding remains to be seen. 孩子通过考试，父母常会给他们奖励。但这种方式是否有益还有待观察。
其他相关词汇:
rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的
3. -er/-or 后缀 (…的人)
rob /r b/ v. 抢劫，掠夺；（非正式）敲诈
拓展词组:
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
例句: The shock robbed her of her speech．她震惊得说不出话来。
近义词辨析:
rob: 指使用暴力或威胁手段夺取某人的财物。
steal: 指秘密地或偷偷地拿走别人的东西。
串记例句: After robbing failed, the gang robbed him of all his belongings. The police are looking into the robbery. 敲诈行不通后，那伙人抢了他所有的财物。警方正在调查这个抢劫案。
其他相关词汇:
robber n. 强盗，盗贼；抢劫犯
robbery n. 抢劫/掠；盗窃
rule /ru l/ n. 规则/定；vt. & n. 统治，支配
拓展词组:
as a rule通常，照例
by rule按规则
make a rule of doing规定要做
make(break，obey)rules制定(违反，遵守)规则
under the rule of在……统治下
rule out 排除；取消; 阻止
例句: It's against all rules and regulations. 这违背了所有的规章制度。
近义词辨析:
rule: 指法律、规章、制度等正式的规定或条例。
regulation: 指对行为或活动的具体规定或限制。
串记例句: It is a general rule that the winner rules the world. 胜者统治世界是一条通用规则。
其他相关词汇:
ruler n. 尺；统治者
run/r n/ vi. 奔跑；运转/行； vt. 管理，经营
拓展词组:
(1)run after追赶；追逐；追求
run away from 逃离；逃避
run across 偶然遇见
run into 遇到；撞上
run out (of) 花光，用完；耗尽
run over (开车)碾过，轧过
run through贯穿，普遍存在于；浏览
(2)in the long/short run 从长期/短期来看
例句: In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.将来，由于地球上的自然资源濒临枯竭，关爱环境将变得非常重要。
近义词辨析:
run: 指快速移动或运转。
jog: 指慢跑或缓跑。
sprint: 指快速短跑。
串记例句: The man who runs a big company often runs to work. Sometimes he runs across a neighbor and colleague. He is planning to run for mayor. 经营大公司的那个人经常跑步上班。有时他会碰到邻居和同事。他正计划竞选市长。
其他相关词汇:
running n. 跑步，赛跑；运转
4. 词根词缀混合
result /r 'z lt/ n. 结/成/后果(consuquence)；比赛结果；考试成绩；v. 发生，导致
拓展词组:
at a result(of)作为(……的)结果，由于……
in the result结果．结局
with the result that……因而
result from起因于，由……产生
result in以……结束，导致，引起
例句: As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be canceled.由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。
近义词辨析:
result: 指由某种原因或行为产生的结果或后果。
consequence: 指事件或行为的重要结果，通常是负面的。
effect: 指某种原因或行为产生的影响，可以是积极的或消极的。
串记例句: The accident which resulted from the driver’s carelessness resulted in heavy result. 由于司机的粗心大意，事故造成了严重的后果。
rise /ra z/ (rose，risen) n. & vi. 上升/涨；起身，站起
拓展词组:
give rise to 使发生（或存在）
on the rise 在增加；在上涨
rise from 由…复活,从…上升
rise to 应付…,上升到…
rise to one's feet 站起来
rise with 随着…增长
例句: We watched the rise of the plane.我们注视飞机升上去。
近义词辨析:
rise: 指向上移动或增加。
ascend: 指向上攀登或升高。
climb: 指用手脚攀登或爬升。
串记例句: The divorce rate has risen steadily since the 1950s, and unemployment rate has also been on the rise, which have given rise to lots of social problems. 20 世纪50年代以来，离婚率持续上升, 失业率也在上升，这导致了许多社会问题。
risk/r sk/n. 风/危险；v. 冒着……的危险
拓展词组:
(1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒着……的危险
(2)at risk处于危险之中
at the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险
take /run a risk冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的危险
例句: He was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire. 他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。
近义词辨析:
risk: 指可能发生危险或损失的可能性。
danger: 指潜在的伤害或损失的可能性。
hazard: 指可能导致伤害或损失的危险情况或事物。
串记例句: The youth ran the risk of losing his life to save the boy at risk. 这个年轻人冒着生命危险救了处于危险中的男孩。
其他相关词汇:
risky adj.危险的
root/ru t/ n. 根；根/起源；词根；v. (使)生/扎根
拓展词组:
at (the) roots本质上
root and branch〔root-and-branch〕连根带叶; 彻底的
root out 〈口〉搜寻
root up 杜绝
be rooted in 根源在于；植根于，深植于，生根于
例句: His selfishness was the root of trouble.他的自私是苦恼的根源。
近义词辨析:
root: 指植物的根部，也指事物的根源或起源。
origin: 指事物的来源或起始点。
source: 指事物的来源或供应地。
串记例句: The idea of finding roots was rooted in the old man's mind. 寻根的想法深植于老人的头脑中。
ruin /'ru n/ vt. 糟蹋；(使)毁坏/灭；n. (复)废墟；遗迹
拓展词组:
(1)be ruined by 被……破坏
(2)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟，被毁灭
fall into/come to ruin 被破坏了，被毁了
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
例句: She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.她回到家发现所有的家具都已被洪水毁坏了。
近义词辨析:
ruin: 指彻底的破坏或毁灭。
destroy: 指将某物彻底损坏或使其无法使用。
damage: 指对某物造成部分损坏或损伤。
串记例句: An earthquake ruined our home, leaving the whole town in ruins. 地震毁坏了我们的家园，使整个小镇处在废墟中 。
rush /r / vi. & n. 冲，奔跑；仓促行事，匆忙；vt. 急送
拓展词组:
rush hour(交通)高峰时间
rush at向……冲
rush to conclusions匆匆下结论
rush sb．to the hospital火速送某人进医院
a rush of work一阵匆忙的工作
a rush order紧急订货
例句: The runner rushed outside and hailed a taxi. 跑步者冲了出去，招了一辆出租车。
近义词辨析:
rush: 指快速或匆忙地移动或行动。
hurry: 指快速或匆忙地做某事。
dash: 指快速而突然地移动或行动。
串记例句: He rushed me a rushed job, asking me to rush to buy a computer in the rush hour. 他匆忙地给了我一份紧急任务，让我在交通高峰期赶紧买一台电脑。
sad /s d/ adj. 悲哀的；忧愁的；伤心的
拓展词组:
be sad about(over)sth·为某事感到悲哀
be sad to do sth.因(做)……而悲伤
It is sad that……遗憾的是……
sad to say(常用于句首)可悲的是，不幸，倒霉
例句: Everyone was sad over his death.大家都因他去世面感到悲伤。
近义词辨析:
sad: 指感到悲伤或难过。
unhappy: 指不快乐或不幸福。
depressed: 指情绪低落或沮丧。
其他相关词汇:
sadly ad．悲痛地，悲哀地，忧伤地，幽暗地
sadness n．悲哀，悲痛，忧伤，幽暗
5. 其他
right /ra t/ a. 对，正确的(反wrong)；适/恰当的；ad. 正确地；恰恰，完全地；a. & n. 右，右边(的) (同left)；正常的，健全的；n. 权利
拓展词组:
all right好，行，可以；良好的；令人满意的
right away立刻
right now现在，立即
put(set) right改正，纠正
right or wrong不管好坏，无论如何
例句: I hope we're doing the right thing. 我希望我们这样做是妥当的。
近义词辨析:
right: 指符合事实、真理、道德或法律的。
correct: 指准确无误的，符合标准或规则的。
串记例句: The reviewer is the right person who has the right to make the problem right right now. 评论员就是那个有权现在就解决问题的人。
safe /se f/ a. 安全的 (反unsafe)；n. 保险柜
拓展词组:
for safe keeping妥善保管
in (sb's) safe keeping由(某人)保管〔保护〕
on the safe side为慎重起见,以防万一
safe and sound 安然无恙(常与arrive, come, return等动词连用,说明主语的状态)
be safe against (fire，flood)防止可能发生的危险
be safe from 躲避，避开，逃脱危险
be safe with信得过，可靠的
be safe for对某人某物来说是安全的。
例句: It’s not safe to cross the street without looking．不左右看看就穿过马路是不安全的。
近义词辨析:
safe: 指没有危险或伤害的可能性。
secure: 指安全的，不会受到攻击或伤害的。
串记例句: It is safe to put your belongings into the safe.把财产放在保险箱里很安全。
其他相关词汇:
safely ad．安全地，平安地；稳妥地；可靠地
safety n. 安全
safeguard n. 保护/卫；保卫措施，预防措施
same /se m/ a. & ad. 同样的/地；n. 同样的人/事物
拓展词组:
all the same仍然，照样的；完全一样
just the same完全一样，仍然，还是
much the same 几乎相同，大致一样
the same……as与……一样的，与……相同
the same……that正是，与……一样的
(the) same to you 你也一样
It's the same with ... ＝ So it is with ...……也这样
例句: They both said much the same thing. 他们两人的话大致一样。
近义词辨析:
same: 指完全相同或没有区别的。
similar: 指相似或相像的，但并非完全相同。
其他相关词汇: 无
save /se v/ vt. 救，挽/拯救；节省/约(反waste)；保留/存
拓展词组:
save sb．from从……中救出某，人使…免于/遭
save for为…积蓄〔储存〕…
save up 储存起来
例句: She saved her strength for the last minutes of the race．她留着劲准备在赛跑的最后几分钟冲刺。
近义词辨析:
save: 指从危险或损失中解救出来，或指节省或储存。
rescue: 指从危险或困境中解救出来，强调行动的紧急性和危险性。
串记例句: I'm saving for a new bike. My savings have reached half the price. 我正攒钱想买辆新自行车。我的积蓄已经达到价格的一半了。
其他相关词汇:
saving n. 节约/省→savings储蓄金，存款
scare /ske / v. & n. (使)受惊，(使)惊恐(同frighten,terrify)
拓展词组:
scare away〔off〕吓跑
scare sb into v-ing吓得去做某事
scare out用恐吓的方法逼出〔赶出〕
scare out of mind 吓得魂不附体
scare up 张罗,凑合
例句: Susan got a scare when all the lights in the house went out at once．房子里所有的灯一下子熄灭时，苏珊吓了一跳。
近义词辨析:
scare: 指使人感到害怕或惊恐。
frighten: 指使人感到害怕或惊吓，程度比 scare 更强。
terrify: 指使人感到极度害怕或恐惧。
串记例句: I am scared to stay at a scaring place by myself. 我害怕独自呆在一个可怕的地方。
其他相关词汇:
scared a. 害怕的
scaring a. 令人害怕的, 吓人的(同scary)
scene /si n/ n.（戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景，布景；事发地点，现场；风景，景色；情景，场面
拓展词组:
on the scene 在现场
the scene of the accident/crime 在事故/犯罪现场
例句: The film contains some violent scenes. 这部影片有几处暴力场面。
近义词辨析:
scene: 指戏剧、电影等的场景，也指事件发生的地点或情景。
sight: 指眼睛所看到的景象或景色。
view: 指从某个地方看到的景象或景色。
串记例句: The scene of the fire was scary. Luckily, firefighters were on the scene immediately. 火灾现场很吓人，幸运的是消防队立刻赶到现场。
其他相关词汇:
scenery U风景；景色
science /'sa ns/ n. 科学；技术；学科；理科
拓展词组:
natural/social science 自然/社会科学
science fiction 科幻小说
science and technology 科学技术
例句: What did you do in science class today 今天你们自然科学课做什么？
近义词辨析:
science: 指以观察、实验和推理为基础的系统知识体系。
technology: 指应用科学知识和原理来解决实际问题的技术。
串记例句: The key to development of society lies in the development science and technology. 社会发展的关键在于科技。
其他相关词汇:
scientific a. 科学的 →scientifically ad. 科学地，科学上
scientist n. 科学家
练习：
一、语法填空。
Isaac Newton, the founder of modern science is a great (science).
She's never (satisfy) with what she's got, causing her to live an unhappy life.
The reason why she is tired is that she came (run) to meet us.
Teaching can be a very (reward) career in the near future.
I have the right (remind) you of your responsibility to take care of the old.
First Emperor of Qin, one of the emperor of ancient China, was a great (rule).
I'm worried about the (safe) of the treatment.
Mary couldn’t take the risk of (leave) her baby alone ever for a short time.
In the future, care for the environment will become very important with natural resources (run) out.
With Mother’s words deeply (root) in my soul, I never doubt we would succeed.
二、单句改错。
As a result the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
Why not search reviews before you buy the new model of cell phone
The famous model was wearing the same dress that I had on.
The best part of the trip was that we could enjoy the fantastic natural sceneries.
Stricken by the earthquake, the railway stations were in ruin.
He was rightly responsible for the accident which caused a bad effect.
The water level has risen so high in several places that many homes are at the risk of flooding.
Hearing the satisfying news, the man had a satisfying expression on his face.
The young man who was well dressed robbed her with her bag.
It is safe to sleep with the window and door open at night in that neighborhood full of criminal.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
She (害怕) go out alone. 她不敢一个人外出。
The patient removed one of his kidneys (冒着…的危险) losing his life.
(别急), you have enough time to review what you have learned.
When I first learned to write in English, I (遇到） many difficulties.
(在...统治下) a cruel king, people led a miserable life.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
那对年轻夫妇不急着要孩子。 (rush into doing sth)
她救下一个眼看要落入水中的小女孩。(save sb from doing sth)
随着经济的发展，五年来房价一直在上涨。（on the rise)
警察很快到达现场让大众很满意。( on the scene)
亲戚向即将参加高考的他隐瞒他父母的死亡。(keep sth. secret from sb.)
答案：
一、语法填空。
scientist (science 指科学，而 scientist 指科学家)
satisfied (never satisfied with 对...从不满意)
running (come running 奔跑到)
rewarding (rewarding career 有回报的职业)
to remind (have the right to do sth. 有权做某事)
ruler (ruler 统治者)
safety (worried about the safety of 担心...的安全性)
leaving (take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事)
running (run out 用完，耗尽)
rooted (be rooted in 植根于)
二、单句改错。
result后加 of (as a result of 由于)
search后加 for (search for 寻找)
that→ as (the same ... as 与...一样)
sceneries→ scenery (scenery 是不可数名词)
ruin→ ruins (in ruins 成为废墟)
rightly→ right (right 此处指“正确地”)
去掉at 后面的 the (at risk 处于危险中)
satisfying→ satisfied (satisfied 令人满意的; satisfied 感到满意的)
with→ of (rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物)
在后面加 not 或 safe→unsafe (此处应表达“不安全”)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
is scared to (be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事)
at the risk of (at the risk of doing sth. 冒着...的风险做某事)
There is no rush (There is no rush 不用着急)
ran into (run into 遇到)
Under the rule of (under the rule of 在...的统治下)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
The young couple don't want to rush into having a baby. (rush into doing sth. 匆忙做某事)
She saved a little girl from falling into the water. (save sb. from doing sth. 使某人免于做某事)
With the development of the economy, house prices have been on the rise in the past five years. (on the rise 上升，上涨)
The police were on the scene in time, which satisfied the mass. (on the scene 在现场)
His relative kept his parents’ death secret from him who would take the college entrance exam. (keep sth. secret from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事)高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-nine（词根词缀排序）
1. 动词及其名词形式:
1.1 search (v.) & search (n.) 搜索，搜寻
拓展:
search for 搜寻，寻找
search A for B 搜查A为了要找B
search out 搜出，找到
search after 追求
in search of 寻找，搜寻
例句: He searched through all the drawers for the key. (他翻遍所有的抽屉找钥匙。)
辨析: search (搜寻特定目标) vs. look for (寻找) vs. find (找到)
串记: In order to search for the missing girl, the police are searching the forest. (为了寻找失踪的女孩，警察正在森林里搜索。)
1.2 select (v.) & selection (n.) 选择，挑选
拓展:
select as 选为
select for 为…而挑选
select from 从…中挑选
select out of 选拔
selective (adj.) 选择性的
例句: He selected a shirt to match his suit. (他挑了一件衬衣来配他那套衣服。)
辨析: select (精心挑选) vs. choose (选择) vs. pick (挑选)
串记: There are a wide selection of gifts, you can select what is your favorite. (有很多礼物可供选择，你可以选择你最喜欢的。)
1.3 serve (v.) & service (n.) & servant (n.) & server (n.) 服务，服务员， 服务器
拓展:
serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务
serve as 充当；担任
serve sb.(with) sth.＝serve sth.to sb. 拿/用某物招待/款待某人
at your service 愿为您效劳；听候您的吩咐
in service 在职，运转中
be in the service 服现役
be of service to 对……有用
give good service 服务周到
例句: The students served some apples to the invited experts. (学生们用一些苹果来招待邀请来的专家。)
辨析: serve (服务，提供) vs. work (工作)
串记: In her family, the poor woman serves as a servant, and serves every family heart and soul, but she still can’t serve the need of everyone. (在这个家庭里，这个可怜的女人就像一个仆人，全心全意地为每个家人服务，但仍然不能满足每个人的需要。)
1.4 settle (v.) & settlement (n.) & settler (n.) 解决，安家，殖民， 殖民者
拓展:
settle down (使)平静；(使)稳定；定居
settle down to sth. 开始专心做……
settle in/into ... (使)适应(新环境/生活/工作等)；安定下来；迁入(新居)
settle on/upon 决定；同意
例句: Since you have settled down in a new country, you have to make an adjustment to the new environment. (既然你已在一个新的国家定居，你必须调整以适应新的环境。)
辨析: settle (解决，安顿) vs. solve (解决问题)
串记: To settle the matter where to settle down, the family should settle to discuss. (要解决住的问题，全家应该坐下来讨论。)
1.5 shake (v.) & shake (n.) 摇动， 震动
拓展:
shake down 抖落；适应新环境(情况)
shake off 摆脱；摇落
shaken one’s faith in 动摇某人对…的信心/念
shake one’s haead 摇头(表示否定)
shake with 由于…而发抖
例句: The whole house shakes when a train goes past. (火车驶过时，整座房子都颤动起来。)
辨析: shake (摇动，震动) vs. tremble (颤抖)
串记: The incident had shaken her faith in him. (这件事动摇了她对他的信心。)
1.6 shape (v.) & shape (n.) 塑造，形状
拓展:
shape ... into ... 把……加工/塑造成……
be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳；健康良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服，生病
in the shape of 某种形状的，呈……的形状
take shape 形成；成形
get into shape 强身健体
例句: Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise. (尽管蒂姆没有得到多少锻炼，但他身体状况良好。)
辨析: shape (形状，塑造) vs. form (形状，形成)
串记: Once you set a goal, you must set it down and set about working at it. (一旦你设定了一个目标，你就必须把它写下来并开始为之努力。)
1.7 share (v.) & share (n.) 分享，份额
拓展:
share in 分担，共同拥有〔使用〕…
share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
hold shares 持有股份
例句: Eli shared his chocolate with the other kids. (伊莱把他的巧克力和其他孩子一起分着吃了。)
辨析: share (分享) vs. divide (分配，分开)
串记: He has many shares, but he is unwilling to share with his shameless sister. (他有许多股份，但他不愿意和他无耻的妹妹分享。)
1.8 shelter (v.) & shelter (n.) 庇护， 掩蔽处
拓展:
under the shelter of 在…的庇护下
find(take)shelter from 避难
shelter against〔from〕 掩护〔保护,庇护…〕使不受…
shelter behind 躲在…后面
shelter oneself in 躲在…里面
例句: The fox was running for the shelter of the trees. (狐狸朝树丛跑，想要躲藏起来。)
辨析: shelter (庇护，躲避) vs. protect (保护)
串记: A shelter can shelter the homeless from the wind and rain. (庇护所可以为无家可归的人遮风挡雨。)
1.9 shock (v.) & shock (n.) 震惊， 冲击
拓展:
culture shock 文化冲击
with a great shock 大为震惊
shocked (adj.) 震惊的；震撼的
be shocked at(by) 听到……消息使人感到震惊
例句: It gave me a shock to be told I was seriously ill. (听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。)
辨析: shock (震惊，冲击) vs. surprise (惊奇)
串记: We were all shocked at the shocking news that he had resigned. (听到他辞职的消息，我们都很震惊。)
1.10 shoot (v.) & shoot (n.) 射击， 嫩芽
拓展:
shoot at 瞄准，向…射击
shoot with 用…射击
shoot down 击落
shoot forth 长出
shoot off 发射,打掉,击断
shoot out 射击,打出,击灭,(突然)伸出,长出
shoot up 升起,喷出,(植物)发芽,长高,猛增,(物价)暴涨
shooting (n.) 射击(术)；射击运动
例句: The hunter aimed at the animal but did not shoot. (猎人向那个动物瞄准但未开枪。)
辨析: shoot (射击) vs. fire (开火)
串记: The scene where he shot a bird was shot. (他射鸟的那一幕被拍下来了。)
2. 形容词及其副词形式:
2.1 secret (adj.) & secretly (adv.) & secretive (adj.) & secretary (n.) 秘密的， 秘书
拓展:
in secret 秘密地；私下地(反in public)
in the secret 知道内情
let in on a secret 让某人知道秘密
keep sth. secret from sb. 把某事对某人保密
例句: The secretary told me the secret in secret. (秘书秘密地把秘密告诉了我。)
辨析: secret (秘密的) vs. confidential (机密的) vs. private (私人的)
串记: The secretary told me the secret in secret. (秘书秘密地把秘密告诉了我。)
2.2 serious (adj.) & seriously (adv.) 严肃的， 认真地
拓展:
be serious about 对…认真，认真对待
take it seriously 认真对待
例句: Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. (不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。)
辨析: serious (严肃的，严重的) vs. important (重要的)
串记: The result could be serious. As a result, you must take it seriously. (后果可能很严重, 你必须认真对待。)
2.3 sensible (adj.) & sense (n.) & senseless (adj.) & sensitive (adj.) 明智的，感觉， 无意义的， 敏感的
拓展:
come to one's senses 恢复理性，醒悟过来，(昏迷后)苏醒过来
in a sense 某一方面；从某种意义上(讲)
make sense 讲得通，有意义
make sense of 了解……的意思，弄懂……的意思
a sense of …的感觉
There is no sense in (doing) sth.[口语]做某事是没有道理/无意义的
be sensible of 知道
be sensible to light 能感光
be sensitive to 对…敏感
例句: In a sense,I can't agree with what you said. (从某种意义上说，我不同意你的话。)
辨析: sensible (明智的) vs. sensitive (敏感的) vs. reasonable (合理的)
串记: In a sense, as a sensible woman, she in no sense loses her sense of judgement, and she always manages to make sense of everything. As a result, there is no sense in worrying about her. (从某种意义上说，作为一个有理智的女人，她决不会丧失判断力，她总是设法把一切都讲得合情合理。因此，为她担心是没有意义的。)
2.4 separate (adj.) & separately (adv.) & separation (n.) 分开的， 分离
拓展:
separate A from B 把A和B分开
divide...into... 把……分成……
例句: It is impossible to separate belief from emotion. (信仰和感情是分不开的。)
辨析: separate (分开的) vs. different (不同的)
串记: He separated from his wife after 20 years of marriage and lived in two separate buildings. (他和妻子在结婚20年后分居了并住在两栋独立的楼房内。)
2.5 sharp (adj.) & sharpen (v.) & sharply (adv.) 锋利的， 削尖， 急剧地
拓展:
be sharp at 擅长…,善于…
be sharp with 对…严厉的
sharpener 卷笔刀;磨具
例句: She was very sharp with me when I forgot my book. (我忘记带书了，她把我训斥了一顿。)
辨析: sharp (锋利的，敏锐的) vs. pointed (尖的)
串记: The girl of sharp intelligence with a sharp eyes sensed the sharp increase of house price. (这个聪明伶俐、目光敏锐的女孩觉察到房价的急剧增加。)
2.6 shameful (adj.) & shameless (adj.) & shame (n.) & ashamed (adj.) 可耻的， 无耻的， 羞愧
拓展:
shame sb．for sth．使某人为某事而羞愧
shame into 使某人感到惭愧而做某事
shame out of 使某人感到惭愧而不做某事
to one’s shame 令某人惭愧的是
What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾! 真丢脸！
例句: What a shame they couldn't come！ (他们不能来了，真是遗憾。)
辨析: shameful (可耻的) vs. embarrassed (尴尬的)
串记: To our shame, he did a shameful thing, but he didn’t feel shamed, which made others think he was shameless. (让我们感到羞耻的是，他做了一件可耻的事，但他并不感到羞耻，这使得其他人认为他是无耻的。)
2.7 shocking (adj.) & shocked (adj.) 令人震惊的， 震惊的
例句: We were all shocked at the shocking news that he had resigned. (听到他辞职的消息，我们都很震惊。)
辨析: shocking (令人震惊的) vs. surprising (令人惊讶的)
3. 其他:
3.1 seek (v.) 寻找， 追求
拓展:
seek to do sth.(正式)试图做某事
seek one's fortune 寻找致富(或成功)的机会
seek after/for 追求，寻求
seek out 挑选出；找出
例句: Many young people leave their hometown to seek their fortune in big cities. (很多年轻人离开家乡到大城市寻找成功的机会。)
辨析: seek (寻找，追求) vs. search for (搜寻)
串记: In order to seek out a way to seek their fortune, many people seek for gold in the west. (为了寻求致富之道，许多人到西方去淘金。)
3.2 seem (v.) 似乎
拓展:
It seems that 似乎，好像
It seems to me that 在我看来，我以为
seem (to be/like) +n. /adj.好像是，看起来像
seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事
it seems as if/though 从句 看来好像
例句: The children seemed to be eating something in the room. (孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。)
辨析: seem (似乎) vs. appear (显得)
串记: The engine just won’t start. Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. (引擎发动不了。看起来好像出了什么毛病。)
3.3 seize (v.) 抓住， 夺取
拓展:
seize sb.by the+部位 抓住某人的……部位
seize from 从…夺走
be seized of(依法)占有着，知道(消息等)
be seized with an illness 害病
seize on(upon) 利用，采用(建议)，抓住(机会)，了解(意思)
例句: He seized the pickpocket by the collar. (他抓住那个扒手的衣领。)
辨析: seize (抓住，夺取) vs. grasp (抓住) vs. catch (抓住)
串记: The army seized the opportunity and seized the airport in a surprise attack. (军队抓住机会，突袭并占领了机场。)
3.4 send (v.) 发送， 寄
拓展:
send away 发送；派遣；解雇；驱逐
send for sb (sth) 派人去请某人(找某物)
send in 呈报，提交，送来
send off 邮寄，发送；派遣；给……送行
send out 发送；派遣；放出
send up 射出；使上升；长出
例句: Have you sent a postcard to your mother yet (你给你母亲寄明信片了没有？)
辨析: send (发送，寄) vs. deliver (递送)
串记: The scientists sent up a satellite by mistake. As a consequence, they were sent away. (科学家们误发了一颗卫星。结果，他们被送走了。)
3.5 set (v.) & set (n.) & setting (n.) 设置， 安排， 一套
拓展:
set aside 存储；留出，省出
set back 阻碍；耽搁；延缓
练习：
一、语法填空。
The rescue team is still _______ (search) for the missing climbers in the mountains.
After careful _______ (select), she was chosen as the lead actress for the school play.
The hotel staff is dedicated to _______ (serve) guests with the utmost care and attention.
The refugees finally managed to _______ (settle) in a new country and start a new life.
The earthquake _______ (shake) the entire city, causing widespread damage.
The artist used clay to _______ (shape) a beautiful sculpture.
We should learn to _______ (share) our resources and help those in need.
The old tree provided _______ (shelter) from the scorching sun.
The news of the accident was _______ (shock) and left everyone speechless.
The photographer _______ (shoot) stunning images of the wildlife in the African savanna.
二、单句改错。
The secret agent secretly entered the enemy base to seek for intelligence.
She seemed knowing the answer, but she hesitated to speak up.
The police seized on the criminal and took him into custody.
I need to settle down to finish this report before the deadline.
The leaves of the trees shaked violently in the strong wind.
The company is in good shape and expects further growth this year.
He shared his toys with his friends, but refused to share them with his sister.
The hikers found shelter from the storm in a small cave.
The movie was shockingly violent and not suitable for young children.
The arrow shot the target and hit the bullseye.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
老师耐心地给学生们讲解了这首诗的意思。(make sense of)
我们应该抓住机遇，努力学习。(seize the opportunity)
他把房间整理好后就出门了。(set out)
这个想法听起来不错，我们可以试试。(make sense)
他搜索了整个房子，但还是没能找到钥匙。(search ... for)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
政府采取措施帮助无家可归的人。(take measures to do sth.)
经过多年的分离，他们终于团聚了。(after years of separation)
他把所有的积蓄都投资了股票。(invest all one's savings in)
我们应该选择适合自己的学习方法。(select ... for oneself)
他似乎对这个提议很感兴趣。(seem interested in)
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
searching (现在进行时态)
selection (名词形式)
serving (动名词作目的状语)
settle (不定式作目的状语)
shook (过去式)
shape (不定式作目的状语)
share (不定式作目的状语)
shelter (名词形式)
shocking (形容词作表语)
shot (过去式)
二、单句改错。
seek for → seek (seek 后面直接跟宾语)
knowing → to know (seem 后面跟不定式)
seized on → seized (seize 后面直接跟宾语)
settle down to finish → settle down to finish (settle down to 后面跟动词原形)
shaked → shook (shake 的过去式)
shape → shape (in good/bad shape 是固定搭配)
share them with → share them with (share sth. with sb. 是固定搭配)
shelter from → shelter from (shelter from 是固定搭配)
shockingly → shocking (修饰名词用形容词)
shot the target → shot at the target (shoot at 表示“射击”)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
The teacher patiently explained the poem to the students to help them make sense of it.
We should seize the opportunity and study hard.
He set out after tidying up the room.
The idea makes sense. We can give it a try.
He searched the whole house for the key, but still couldn't find it.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
The government is taking measures to help the homeless.
After years of separation, they were finally reunited.
He invested all his savings in the stock market.
We should select learning methods for ourselves.
He seems interested in the proposal.高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-seven（词根词缀排序）
1. spect (看):
respect (v./n.): 尊敬，尊重；方面
拓展:
give/send one's respects to sb.: 向…致意，问候
have respect for: 尊敬
with respect to: 关于，就…方面
in respect of: 关于，在…方面
respectable (adj.): 可敬的，受尊敬的
respectful (adj.): 恭敬的，尊敬的；有礼貌的
例句:
The teacher is respectable and we are all respectful to him. 这位老师令人尊敬，我们所有的人都尊敬他。
辨析: respect vs. admire
respect 强调对他人品质、能力等的敬重；admire 则强调对他人优秀品质、才能等的钦佩和赞赏。
串记: With respect to the devotion he made, he is respectable, so we are all respectful to him. 就他的奉献而言，他值得尊重，因此我们所有的人都尊敬他。
expect (v.): 期待，预期
拓展:
be expected to do sth.: 被期望做某事
expectation (n.): 期望，预期
例句:
I expect to graduate from college next year. 我期望明年大学毕业。
辨析: expect vs. hope
expect 指有根据的预期；hope 指没有把握的愿望。
串记: He is expected to achieve good results in the coming exam, which is also his expectation. 他被期望在即将到来的考试中取得好成绩，这也是他的期望。
2. spon/spons (保证，承担):
respond (v.): 回答，回应；作出反应
拓展:
respond to: 回答，回应；对…作出反应
respond by: 以…方式回应
response (n.): 回答，回应；反应
in response to: 响应…的号召
例句:
How did they respond to the news 他们对这则消息有什么反应？
辨析: respond vs. react
respond 侧重经过考虑后作出的回应；react 则侧重指自然而然或本能的反应。
串记: The students responded actively to the teacher's questions, demonstrating their quick response and deep understanding. 学生们积极地回答老师的问题，展现了他们快速的反应能力和深刻的理解。
responsible (adj.): 负责的，可靠的；有责任的
拓展:
be responsible for: 对…负责；是…的原因
be responsible to sb.: 对某人负责
responsibility (n.): 责任，职责
take responsibility for: 对…负责
例句:
As the team leader, he is responsible for the project's success. 作为团队领导，他对项目的成功负责。
辨析: responsible vs. reliable
responsible 强调负责任的态度和行为；reliable 则强调可以信赖和依靠。
串记: The responsible researcher is responsible for the entire research. 负责任的研究者负责整个研究。
3. serve (服务，保存):
reserve (v./n.): 保留，储备；预定
拓展:
reserve sth. for sb.: 为某人保留某物
reserve a room/table/seat: 预订房间/桌子/座位
reservation (n.): 预定，预约；保留
in reserve: 备用的
without reserve: 毫无保留地
例句:
I have reserved a table for two at the restaurant. 我在餐厅预订了双人桌。
辨析: reserve vs. book
reserve 和 book 都可以表示“预订”，但 reserve 更正式一些。
串记: These seats are reserved for special guests who are eager to see the film about natural reserves. 这些座位是留给渴望看关于自然保护区的电影的客人的。
4. claim/clam (喊):
exclaim (v.): 呼喊，惊叫
拓展:
exclaim in surprise: 惊讶地叫喊
例句:
She exclaimed in surprise when she saw the gift. 她看到礼物时惊讶地叫喊起来。
辨析: exclaim vs. shout
exclaim 强调因惊讶、愤怒等情绪而喊叫；shout 则强调大声喊叫。
串记: Upon seeing the magnificent scenery, he couldn't help exclaiming, "What a breathtaking view!" 看到壮丽的景色，他忍不住惊呼：“多么令人叹为观止的景色啊！”
proclaim (v.): 宣称，宣布
拓展:
proclaim oneself: 宣布自己是…
例句:
The king proclaimed himself the ruler of the land. 国王宣布自己是这片土地的统治者。
辨析: proclaim vs. announce
proclaim 强调正式、公开地宣布；announce 则指一般的宣布。
串记: The chairman proclaimed the meeting open, and then announced the agenda for the day. 主席宣布会议开始，然后宣布了当天的议程。
reclaim (v.): 收回，开垦
拓展:
reclaim land from the sea: 从海中 reclamation
(n.): 填海造地
例句:
They reclaimed the desert and turned it into farmland. 他们开垦沙漠，把它变成了农田。
辨析: reclaim vs. recover
reclaim 强调收回失去的东西；recover 则强调重新获得失去的东西或恢复健康等。
串记: The government has initiated a project to reclaim land from the sea, aiming to expand the city's territory. 政府启动了一个填海造地项目，旨在扩大城市的领土。
5. tain/ten/tin (拿，握):
contain (v.): 包含，容纳
拓展:
container (n.): 容器
例句:
This box contains all my childhood toys. 这个盒子装着我所有的童年玩具。
辨析: contain vs. include
contain 强调包含在内，不超出范围；include 强调包含在内，但可以超出范围。
串记: The report contains detailed information about the recent scientific discoveries, including the groundbreaking research on artificial intelligence. 这份报告包含了关于近期科学发现的详细信息，包括人工智能领域的突破性研究。
maintain (v.): 维持，保持
拓展:
maintenance (n.): 维护，保养
例句:
It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. 保持健康的生活方式很重要。
辨析: maintain vs. keep
maintain 强调保持某种状态或水平；keep 则强调持续拥有或保持某种状态。
串记: Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential to maintain good health, and also help keep a positive attitude. 经常锻炼和均衡的饮食对保持良好的健康至关重要，也有助于保持积极的态度。
obtain (v.): 获得，得到
拓展:
obtainable (adj.): 可得到的
例句:
He obtained a scholarship to study abroad. 他获得了出国留学的奖学金。
辨析: obtain vs. get
obtain 较正式，强调通过努力获得；get 较口语化，强调获得的方式不重要。
串记: After years of hard work, he finally obtained his PhD degree, which is a significant achievement and not easily obtainable. 经过多年的努力，他终于获得了博士学位，这是一项重大成就，来之不易。
sustain (v.): 维持，支撑
拓展:
sustainable (adj.): 可持续的
例句:
The bridge sustained heavy damage in the earthquake. 这座桥在地震中遭受了严重破坏。
辨析: sustain vs. support
sustain 强调承受压力或伤害并继续存在；support 强调给予帮助或支撑。
串记: The pillars of the ancient temple have sustained the weight of the structure for centuries, demonstrating their remarkable strength and durability. 这座古老寺庙的柱子几个世纪以来一直支撑着建筑的重量，显示出它们非凡的力量和耐久性。
6. gress (走):
progress (n./v.): 进步，进展
拓展:
make progress: 取得进步
例句:
She has made significant progress in her studies. 她在学习上取得了显著的进步。
辨析: progress vs. development
progress 强调向前发展或改进；development 强调事物逐渐成长或演变的过程。
串记: The company has made remarkable progress in developing new technologies, contributing to the advancement of the industry. 这家公司在开发新技术方面取得了显著的进展，为行业进步做出了贡献。
regress (v.): 退步，倒退
拓展:
regression (n.): 退步，倒退
例句:
His health regressed after the surgery. 他术后健康状况有所倒退。
辨析: regress vs. decline
regress 强调退回到较早的状态；decline 则强调逐渐变弱或减少。
串记: Without continuous effort, one's skills may regress over time, leading to a decline in performance. 如果不持续努力，一个人的技能可能会随着时间的推移而退步，导致表现下降。
7.
regard (v./n.): 把…看作；认为；尊重；关注
拓展:
regard...as: 把…看作
with regard to: 关于…，在这点上
in this regard: 在这点上
regardless of: 不管，不顾
例句:
I regard reading as a form of recreation. 我把看书当作一种消遣的形式。
辨析: regard vs. consider
regard 指把…看作，侧重主观看法；consider 则指考虑，侧重思考和判断。
串记: With regard to the status of teachers, they are regarded as gardeners who cultivate the minds of young people. 关于教师的地位，他们被认为是培养年轻人思想的园丁。
regret (n./v.): 后/懊悔；抱歉，遗憾
拓展:
regret doing sth.: 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth.: 遗憾地要做某事
with great/deep regret: 非常遗憾地
to one's regret: 令某人遗憾的是
regretful (adj.): 后悔的，遗憾的
例句:
I regret not studying harder when I was younger. 我后悔年轻的时候没有更努力地学习。
辨析: regret vs. sorry
regret 指对过去的事情感到懊悔；sorry 指对造成的不便或伤害感到抱歉。
串记: To our regret, he bitterly regretted helping us, as his good intentions were misunderstood. 令我们遗憾的是，他非常懊悔帮助了我们，因为他的好意被误解了。
regular (adj.): 规则/律的，定期的；经常的；正常的
拓展:
regularly (adv.): 有规则地；经常地
regular customer: 常客，老顾客
例句:
Do you take regular exercise 你经常锻炼吗？
辨析: regular vs. normal
regular 强调有规律、符合规则；normal 强调符合标准或一般情况。
串记: Attending a regular school, students lead a regular life with a regular schedule. 上普通学校，学生过着有规律的生活，有规律的时间表。
relate (v.): 叙述；使…有联系；涉及；认同
拓展:
relate to: 与…协调,与…相处得好,与…相适应
relate...to...: 把…和…联系起来
related (adj.): 有关的；相关的
be related to: 有关系的；有关联的
relation (n.): 关系；联系；亲属
relationship (n.): 关系
relative (n.): 亲戚；(adj.): 相对的；有关系的
relatively (adv.): 相对地，比较地
例句:
He related the story of his childhood. 他讲述了他的童年故事。
辨析: relate vs. tell
relate 强调讲述事件的来龙去脉；tell 则指一般的讲述。
串记: He related the facts of the case which is related to the murder. 他叙述了与谋杀案有关的案件的事实。
relax (v.): (使)放松；使休息；使松弛
拓展:
relaxation (n.): 放松; 缓和; 消遣
relaxed (adj.): 放松的；自在的
relaxing (adj.): 令人轻松/放松的
例句:
It’s important to relax after a long day of work. 经过漫长的一天工作后，放松一下很重要。
辨析: relax vs. rest
relax 强调身心放松；rest 强调休息，恢复体力或精力。
串记: Even relaxing shows can’t make him feel relaxed. Proper relaxation is necessary. 即使是轻松的节目也不能让他感到放松。适当的放松是必要的。
relieve (v.): 解除，减轻；使放心
拓展:
relieve sb. from: 使某人摆脱…
relieve sb. of: 解除某人…方面的负担
relief (n.): 减轻；宽慰；救济物
to one's relief: 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief: 宽慰地
in relief: 如释重负；松了口气
例句:
The medicine relieved her pain. 这药减轻了她的疼痛。
辨析: relieve vs. reduce
relieve 强调减轻痛苦、负担等；reduce 则强调减少数量或程度。
串记: To the parents' relief, the children were sent to the hospital safely and took the medicine that relieved them of their pain. We all sighed with relief when we heard the good news. 使父母感到宽慰的是，孩子们已被安全地送到了医院，并且吃下了缓解他们疼痛的药。当我们大家得知这个好消息后，都宽慰地松了口气。
ely (v.): 信赖；依靠
拓展:
rely on/upon: 信赖；依靠
rely on sb. doing/to do sth.: 指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that...: 指望…；相信…
rely on/upon sb./sth. for sth.: 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
reliable (adj.): 可依靠的；可依赖的
reliability (n.): 可靠性/度，信度
例句:
You can rely on me to help you. 你可以依靠我帮助你。
辨析: rely vs. depend
rely 和 depend 都有“依靠”的意思，但 rely 强调信任和信心，depend 则强调依赖性。
串记: The fact relying on your memory sometimes is unreliable. 依赖你的记忆有时是不可靠的。
remain (v.): 停/逗留；余/剩/留下；保持，仍是
拓展:
remain + adj./n.: 仍然是，依旧是
remain of: 剩下…,留下…
remain to be seen: 有待观察
remain under: 仍处于…下
remains (n.): 残余, 遗迹；遗骸
remaining (adj.): 剩下的，剩余的
例句:
She remained silent throughout the meeting. 在整个会议期间她都保持沉默。
辨析: remain vs. stay
remain 指别人已经走了，而某人仍在原地；stay 通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开。
串记: It remains to be seen whether the remaining historical remains can remain unchanged. 剩下的历史遗迹能否保持不变，还有待观察。
remark (v./n.): 谈到，说起；注意到；评论
拓展:
remark on/upon: 谈论，评论，就…发表意见
remark that...: 谈起，说起…
make a remark/remarks on/about...: 就…发表评论，就…评头论足
remarkable (adj.): 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
be remarkable for: 以…著称/引人瞩目
例句:
He remarked that the weather was getting colder. 他说天气越来越冷了。
辨析: remark ment
remark 指简短的评论；comment 指更详细的评论或解释。
串记: As we all know, the West Lake is remarkable for her beautiful scenery, which has been remarked on by poets and artists for centuries. 众所周知，西湖以她美丽的自然景色而著称，几个世纪以来一直被诗人和艺术家们所称颂。
remember (v.): 记得；想起；记住，铭记
拓展:
remember doing sth.: 记得做过某事
remember to do sth.: 记得要做某事
remember A to B: 代A向B问好
例句:
I don't remember what I had for breakfast this morning. 我不记得今天早上早餐吃了什么。
辨析: remember vs. recall
remember 指一般的记忆；recall 则指努力回忆起忘记的事情。
串记: Please remember to give my best regards to your family when you see them. 当你见到你的家人时，请代我向他们致以最诚挚的问候。
remind (v.): 提醒，使记/想起
拓展:
remind sb. about/of: 提醒；使想起
remind sb. to do sth.: 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what...: 提醒(某人)…
reminder (n.): 暗示；提醒的人/物
例句:
Can you remind me to call my mother later 你能提醒我稍后给妈妈打电话吗？
辨析: remind vs. inform
remind 指提醒别人已经知道的事情；inform 指告诉别人不知道的事情。
串记: The reminder reminds me what I should do next 提醒提醒我下一步该做什么
remove (v.): 移动，拿走；脱/摘掉；消除，去掉
拓展:
remove...from...: 把…从…移开
remove from...to...: 从…搬到…
be removed from school: 开除；被勒令退学
removal (n.): 免职；移动；排除；搬迁
例句:
Please remove your shoes before entering the house. 进屋前请脱鞋。
辨析: remove vs. take away
remove 强调从原来的位置移走；take away 强调拿走并带到别处。
串记: The tumour having been removed, he remained working for three days to remove the problem. Feeling tired, he removed his eyes from the task and removed his glasses and rubbed his eyes. 肿瘤切除后，他继续工作了三天解决这个问题。当他觉得累了，就把眼睛从工作中移开，摘掉眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。
replace (v.): 取代，更换
拓展:
replace...with/by: 用…替换…，以…接替…
take one's place = take the place of: 代替
in place of = in one's place: 代替；取代
replacement (n.): 更换；替换的人(物)
例句:
The old bridge was replaced with a new one. 旧桥被新桥取代了。
辨析: replace vs. substitute
replace 强调永久性地替换；substitute 则强调暂时性地替换。
串记: It is not a good idea to miss main meals and replace them with snacks. They are irreplaceable. 不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。他们是不可替代的。
report (n./v.): 报道/告；汇报；举报，告发
拓展:
give a report: 作报告
it is reported that: 据报导，据传闻
reported speech: 间接引语
report on sb/sth (to sb): 报道…,就…作报告
report out: 汇报
report to: 向…汇报〔报告〕
reporter (n.): 记者
例句:
The news reported a major accident on the highway. 新闻报道了高速公路上发生的一起重大交通事故。
辨析: report vs. news
report 指关于某事的报道，可以是新闻报道，也可以是调查报告等；news 指新闻，侧重新近发生的事情。
串记: The reporter gave a weather report that it will remain high temperature in the following five days. 记者报告说，未来五天天气仍将高温。
represent (v.): 代表；表示，象征
拓展:
represent sb as: 把…说成…
represent oneself as: 自称是……
represent sth to: 对…来说等于
represent sth to oneself: 心中想象到某物
representative (n.): 代表；典型；(adj.): 典型的，有代表性的
a representative for…: 的代理人
be representative of: 是…的代表，代表
例句:
The flag represents our country. 这面旗帜代表我们的国家。
辨析: represent vs. symbolize
represent 强调代表某人或某事物；symbolize 强调用象征手法表达某种意义。
串记: The look on the representative’s face represented he hated the gift and everything it represented. 代表脸上的表情表明他讨厌这份礼物和它所代表的一切。
request (n./v.): 请/要求
拓展:
make a request for: 请求，要求…
at sb.'s request = at the request of sb.: 应某人之要求
on/upon request: 一经要求
request sb. to do sth.: 请求/要求某人做某事
request that ...(should) do sth.: 请求…做某事
例句:
She made a request to see the manager. 她要求见经理。
辨析: request vs. ask
request 较正式，强调请求对方做某事；ask 则指一般的询问或请求。
串记: It is reported that at the request of the public, the singer was requested to apologize in public. 据报道，应公众的要求，这位歌手被要求公开道歉。
require (v.): 需求；要求
拓展:
require sb. to do sth.: 需要某人做某事
require that sb. (should) do sth.: 要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done: 需要被做
requirement (n.): 要求，需要；必需品
meet/satisfy one's requirements: 满足某人的要求
例句:
This job requires a lot of patience. 这份工作需要很大的耐心。
辨析: require vs. need
require 较正式，强调必要条件；need 则指一般的需要。
串记: Regulations require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures and meet other requirements. 规定要求学生至少要达到90%的听课率且满足其他的要求。
research (n./v.): 研究，调查
拓展:
do research on/into sth.: 对某事物进行研究
research into: 就…研究
research on: 研究; 探讨…
researcher (n.): 研究者/员
例句:
He is doing research on the causes of cancer. 他正在研究癌症的病因。
辨析: research vs. study
research 强调系统深入的调查研究；study 则指一般的学习或研究。
串记: The researcher were required to do further research on cancer. 研究人员被要求对癌症做进一步的研究。
rescue (v./n.): 营救，拯救，救援
拓展:
rescue sb./sth. from ...: 从…中拯救某人/某物
come to one's rescue = come to the rescue of sb.: 救援/帮助某人
make a rescue: 实施救援
例句:
The firefighters rescued the family from the burning building. 消防员从着火的建筑物中救出了这家人。
辨析: rescue vs. save
rescue 强调从危险中救出；save 则强调使免于危险或死亡。
串记: It's kind of you to have rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
Although he was occupied, he came to my rescue when I was trapped in the hill hole. 你把我从尴尬的境地中解救出来真是太好啊。 虽然他很忙，但当我被困山洞时，他来救我了。
resist (v.): 抵抗，抵制
拓展:
resist doing sth.: 反对做某事
can't resist (doing) sth.: 无法抗拒(做)某事的诱惑
resistant (adj.): 有抵抗力的，抵抗的
be resistant to: 对…有抵抗力
resistance (n.): 抗拒，反对，阻力
例句:
The soldiers resisted the enemy's attack. 士兵们抵抗了敌人的进攻。
辨析: resist vs. oppose
resist 强调抵挡或反抗；oppose 强调反对或对抗。
串记: Among them are special windows that are resistant (resist) to dirt and water. 其中包括特殊的窗户，它们能够抵抗污垢和水。
练习：
一、语法填空。
The scientist is conducting extensive ________ (research) on the effects of climate change.
The company ________ (representative) will arrive tomorrow to discuss the contract.
It's important to ________ (relax) and take breaks to avoid burnout.
Only a few ________ (remain) tickets are available for the concert.
Cacti ________ (require) very little water to survive in the desert.
You can always ________ (rely) on her to be on time.
To my ________ (relieve), the test was easier than I expected.
Please give my ________ (respect) to your grandparents.
Drivers are required ________ (obey) traffic laws.
We all have a ________ (responsible) to protect the environment.
二、单句改错。
She reminded to me to buy some milk on my way home.
He replaced the broken window by a new one.
The government has reclaimed a lot of land from sea.
The bag contained a variety of fruits, including apples and oranges.
It is important to maintain good relationships with your colleagues.
He obtained a good grade in the exam, which made him very happy.
The old building couldn't sustain the strong wind and collapsed.
We have made great progress in improve the quality of our products.
The company regressed after the CEO resigned.
I respect him with his honesty and kindness.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
这项新技术有望彻底改变医疗保健行业。(revolutionize)
老师要求我们明天交作业。(require)
由于天气恶劣，航班被取消了。(cancel)
他讲述了他在非洲的冒险经历。(relate)
警察从河里救起了这个孩子。(rescue)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
作为班长，我有责任维持课堂纪律。(be responsible for)
应广大观众的要求，我们将加演一场。(at the request of)
我已经预订了去北京的机票。(book)
这本书包含了大量关于中国历史的信息。(contain)
我们必须保持环境清洁。(maintain)
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
research (n.): 研究
representative (n.): 代表
to relax (v.): 放松 (不定式作目的状语)
remaining (adj.): 剩下的
require (v.): 需要
rely (v.): 依靠
relief (n.): 宽慰
respects (n.): 敬意
to obey (v.): 遵守 (不定式作状语，表结果)
responsibility (n.): 责任
二、单句改错。
reminded to me → reminded me (remind sb. to do sth.)
by → with (replace...with...)
from sea → from the sea
√
√
√
√
improve → improving (progress in doing sth.)
√
with → for (respect sb. for sth.)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
This new technology is expected to revolutionize the healthcare industry.
The teacher requires us to hand in our homework tomorrow.
The flight was canceled due to bad weather.
He related his adventures in Africa.
The police rescued the child from the river.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
As the monitor, I am responsible for maintaining discipline in class.
At the request of the audience, we will have an extra performance.
I have booked a flight to Beijing.
This book contains a lot of information about Chinese history.
We must maintain a clean environment.高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-six（词根词缀排序）
一. 动词后缀 -ise/-ize (表示“使…”, “成为…”)
1. realise/realize (vt.) 实现, 认识到
拓展：
realise one's dream/potential 实现梦想/潜能
例句：
She finally realised her dream of becoming a doctor. (她终于实现了成为医生的梦想。)
辨析：
realize 强调“使…成为现实”, “使…具体化”；understand 强调理解, 领会.
2. recognise/recognize (vt.) 认出, 识别
拓展：
recognise sb./sth. by ... 通过…认出某人/某物
recognise ... as ... 承认/认出…是…
例句：
I recognised her by her voice. (我通过她的声音认出了她。)
辨析：
recognize 强调辨认出以前见过的人或事物；know 强调了解, 熟悉.
3. reduce (vt.) 减少, 缩小
拓展：
reduce ... to ... 把…减少到…
reduce ... by ... 把…减少…
be reduced to ... 沦落为…
例句：
The company reduced its workforce by 20%. (公司裁员20%.)
辨析：
reduce 强调数量或程度上的减少；decrease 强调逐渐减少；decline 强调下降, 衰落.
二. 名词后缀 -tion (表示“行为”, “状态”, “结果”)
4. reaction (n.) 反应, 感应
拓展：
chemical reaction 化学反应
in reaction to ... 对…做出反应
例句：
The news was met with mixed reactions. (这个消息引起了不同的反应。)
5. reduction (n.) 减少, 降低
拓展：
price reduction 降价
a reduction of 10% 减少10%
例句：
There has been a significant reduction in crime rates. (犯罪率显著下降。)
6. reflection (n.) 反映, 思考
拓展：
on reflection 经过反思
a reflection of ... …的反映
例句：
On reflection, I think I made the right decision. (经过反思, 我认为我做出了正确的决定.)
7. recognition (n.) 认出, 承认
拓展：
gain/receive recognition 获得认可
beyond recognition 认不出来
例句：
His work finally received the recognition it deserved. (他的作品最终得到了应有的认可。)
8. recommendation (n.) 推荐, 建议
拓展：
make a recommendation 提出建议
follow sb.'s recommendation 采纳某人的建议
例句：
I need your recommendation for a good restaurant. (我需要你推荐一家好的餐馆。)
9. realization/realisation (n.) 实现, 认识到
拓展：
come to the realization that ... 意识到…
the realization of one's dream 梦想的实现
例句：
The realization of his plan will take time and effort. (他的计划的实现需要时间和努力。)
10. reception (n.) 接待, 招待会
拓展：
wedding reception 婚礼招待会
give sb. a warm reception 热情接待某人
例句：
The reception was held in the hotel ballroom. (招待会在酒店宴会厅举行。)
三. 名词后缀 -er (表示“人”或“物”)
11. receiver (n.) 接收器, 听筒
例句：
He picked up the receiver and answered the phone. (他拿起听筒接电话。)
12. recorder (n.) 录音机, 记录器
例句：
She used a tape recorder to record the lecture. (她用录音机录下了讲座。)
13. reactor (n.) 反应堆
例句：
The nuclear reactor is under strict control. (核反应堆处于严格控制之下。)
四. 其他词根词缀
14. recover (v.) 恢复, 康复
拓展：
recover from ... 从…中恢复
recover one's health 恢复健康
例句：
He is recovering well from his surgery. (他的手术恢复得很好.)
串记：
The stolen painting was finally recovered by the policewoman who had just recovered from illness. (警方最终追回了失窃的油画，那位刚病愈的女警也恢复了工作。)
15. refuse (v.) 拒绝, 不愿
拓展：
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
refuse sb.'s request 拒绝某人的请求
例句：
He refused to answer my question. (他拒绝回答我的问题。)
串记：
He flatly refused to discuss the matter. His refusal angered his boss. (他断然拒绝商讨这件事。他的拒绝激怒了他的老板。)
16. refer (v.) 参考, 谈及
拓展：
refer to ... as ... 把…称作…
refer to ... for help/information 向…寻求帮助/信息
例句：
He referred to me as his best friend. (他把我称作他最好的朋友。)
串记：
The person referred to in the meeting is a referee. (会上提到的那个人是一位裁判员。)
17. reflect (v.) 反射, 思考
拓展：
reflect on/upon ... 仔细考虑/反思…
be reflected in ... 被反映在…中
例句：
The mountains were reflected in the lake. (群山倒映在湖中。)
串记：
The problem reflected in the job is worth reflecting. (工作中反映出的问题值得反思。)
18. recognizable (adj.) 可辨认的
例句：
He was barely recognizable after the accident. (事故后他几乎认不出来了。)
五. 其他
19. quit (v.) 离开, 放弃
拓展：
quit one's job 辞职
quit school 辍学
例句：
He decided to quit smoking for his health. (他为了健康决定戒烟。)
串记：
After the youth had quit school, he was addicted to drugs too deep to quit taking them. (退学后，这个年轻人陷入毒品太深而无法戒除。)
20. raise (vt.) 举起, 提高
拓展：
raise one's hand 举手
raise money 筹款
例句：
They raised their glasses in a toast. (他们举杯祝酒。)
串记：
In order to raise money to raise their three children, the couple had to raise cattle in the hill. (为了筹钱养三个孩子，那对夫妇只好在山上养牛。)
辨析：
raise (vt.) 举起, 提高; rise (vi.) 上升, 增长; arise (vi.) 出现, 发生
21. range (n.) 范围, 山脉
拓展：
a wide range of ... 各种各样的…
mountain range 山脉
例句：
The shop offers a wide range of products. (这家商店提供各种各样的产品。)
串记：
There are a wide range of landscapes in Sichuan, ranging from mountain range, basin to plateau and so on. (四川地貌类型多样，有山脉、盆地、高原等。)
22. rank (n.) 等级, 排列
拓展：
in the first rank 一流的
military rank 军衔
例句：
He holds the rank of general. (他拥有将军的军衔。)
串记：
At 50, the painter of the first rank was forced to join the ranks of the unemployed. (那个曾经一流的画家50岁时被迫加入了失业行列。)
23. rate (n.) 比率, 速度
拓展：
at a high/low rate 高速/低速
at this rate 照这个速度
例句：
The inflation rate is rising. (通货膨胀率正在上升。)
串记：
At any rate, good development depends on the first-rate product and first-rate services. Only at this rate can a company rank first. (无论如何，良好的发展取决于一流的产品和一流的服务。只有如此下去，一家公司才能排名第一。)
24. rather (adv.) 相当, 宁可
拓展：
would rather ... than ... 宁愿…也不愿…
or rather 更确切地说
例句：
I would rather stay at home than go out tonight. (我今晚宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。)
串记：
Other than you, we would stay at home rather than go out. (除了你，我们宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。)
25. reach (v.) 达到, 范围
拓展：
reach a decision 做出决定
within reach 在伸手可及的范围内
例句：
She reached for the book on the top shelf. (她伸手去拿顶层架子上的书。)
串记：
Ranking first in the match is out of my reach, So we made an agreement to work together to reach our goals and dreams. (在比赛中排名第一是不可能的，因此，我们达成协议，共同努力实现我们的目标和梦想。)
26. react (v.) 反应
拓展：
react to ... 对…做出反应
react against ... 反对…
例句：
How did you react to the news (你对这个消息有什么反应？)
串记：
When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances. (当我们使用金属时，知道它们与不同的物质是如何反应的是很重要的。)
27. ready (adj.) 准备好的
拓展：
be ready for ... 为…做好准备
get sth. ready 准备好某事
例句：
Are you ready to order (您准备好点餐了吗？)
串记：
We are ready to get everthing ready ahead of time. (我们准备提前把一切准备好。)
28. real (adj.) 真实的
拓展：
in reality 实际上
real life 现实生活
例句：
Is this a real diamond (这是真的钻石吗？)
串记：
In reality, it is really easy to realise our dream. (实际上，实现我们的梦想真的很容易。)
29. reason (n.) 原因, 理由
拓展：
for this/that reason 由于这个/那个原因
the reason why ... is that ... …的原因是…
例句：
What is the reason for your lateness (你迟到的原因是什么？)
串记：
The reason he gave why he wanted to quit his job is reasonable. (他给出的辞职理由是合理的。)
辨析：
reason 强调逻辑推理上引导出结论的原因；cause 强调导致某种结果的原因.
30. receive (vt.) 收到, 接待
拓展：
receive a gift/letter 收到礼物/信
receive guests 接待客人
例句：
I received your email yesterday. (我昨天收到了你的电子邮件。)
串记：
The receptionist received a receipt at the reception. (接待会上，接待员收到了一张收据。)
练习：
一、语法填空。
The company is planning to ________ (reduce) its workforce by 10% due to the economic downturn.
She ________ (realise) that she had left her keys at home after she had already left for work.
The doctor recommended that he ________ (rest) for a few days and avoid strenuous activity.
The police are still searching for the stolen painting, which is valued at over a million dollars. (recover)
He ________ (refer) to the dictionary to check the meaning of the word.
The witness was able to ________ (recognize) the suspect from a police lineup.
The new policy will come into effect next month. (realization)
I would rather ________ (stay) at home and read a book than go to the party.
The school's ranking has improved significantly in recent years. (rank)
The athlete broke the world record in the 100-meter sprint. (record)
二、单句改错。
He refused answer my questions, which made me very angry.
The reason which he was late is that he missed the bus.
I would rather to go to the movies than stay at home tonight.
She received a warmly welcome from her colleagues when she returned to work.
The mountain ranges are reflected in the clear water of the lake.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
他终于意识到自己的错误。(realise)
这份工作超出了我的能力范围。(reach)
你能帮我推荐一本好书吗？(recommend)
政府正在采取措施减少污染。(reduce)
我们准备迎接挑战。(ready)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
他拒绝了我的邀请，这让我很失望。(refuse)
我希望你能考虑一下我的建议。(reflect on)
这台机器的操作很简单。(within reach)
她收到了来自世界各地的信件。(receive)
他提高了嗓门以便让每个人都能听到。(raise)
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
reduce (动词原形，与 is planning to 连用)
realised (过去式，表示过去发生的动作)
rest (动词原形，在 recommend that ... (should) ... 结构中)
to be recovered (不定式，作 the stolen painting 的后置定语)
referred (过去式，表示过去发生的动作)
recognise (动词原形，作 was able to 的宾语)
realization (名词，表示“实现”)
stay (动词原形，在 would rather ... than ... 结构中)
rank (名词，表示“排名”)
record (名词，表示“纪录”)
二、单句改错。
answer → to answer (refuse 后面接动词不定式)
which → why (the reason why ... is that ... 是固定句型)
to go → go (would rather 后面接动词原形)
warmly → warm (warmly 是副词，welcome 是名词，要用形容词修饰)
ranges → range (mountain range 是单数名词)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
He finally realised his mistake.
This job is beyond my reach.
Can you recommend a good book to me
The government is taking steps to reduce pollution.
We are ready for the challenge.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
He refused my invitation, which disappointed me.
I hope you will reflect on my suggestion.
The operation of this machine is within easy reach.
She received letters from all over the world.
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him.

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