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主题二：运动健康
一、任务型阅读
（2024·全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation(适度) Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 　1． 　 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.　2． 　It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.　3． 　
Control emotional(情绪的)eating.　4． 　Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
　5． 　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢)，while eating small， healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 -16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】1．F；2．C；3．E；4．B；5．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了什么是适度饮食（moderation），即只吃身体所需的食物量，并在饭后感到满足但不过饱。 同时给出了几个关于如何做到适度饮食的建议。
A. 全天合理饮食。
B. 我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西。
C. 不要在上班的路上吞下饭。
D. 我们大多数人需要把食量加倍。
E. 相反，让自己置身于健康的选择之中。
F. 对我们中的许多人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。
G. 这不会导致欺骗或放弃你的新饮食计划。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
1．根据空格后句"But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love但这并不意味着要和你喜欢的食物说再见"中的转折连词But，可知空格处应是与后句意义相反，选项F"For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now对我们中的许多人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少"符合句意，即"比现在吃得少并不意味着要和你喜欢的食物说再见"，故选F。
2．根据段落小标题"Take your time慢慢来"和空格后的"It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full实际上，你的大脑需要几分钟的时间来告诉你的身体它已经吃饱了，所以慢慢吃，在你感觉饱之前停止进食"，可知空格空格处应是与吃饭速度有关，这与选项C"Don't swallow a meal on the way to work不要在上班的路上吞下饭"意思相关，表明作者不建议在上班路上吃饭，故选C。
3．选项E"Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices相反，让自己置身于健康的选择之中"与上句话"It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了"由Instead（意"相反"）连接，其后的内容与前句话意思想法，使上下文衔接，故选E。
4．根据段落小标题"Control emotional(情绪的)eating控制情绪化进食"和空格后句"Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings我们中的许多人也求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊。但是通过学习更健康的方式来管理情绪，你可以重新控制你吃的食物和你的感觉"中的"also也"，可知空格处应是提到一种也应该避免的饮食方式，这与选项B"We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西"意义一致，故选B。
5．段落小标题位置。根据段落中的" A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢)，while eating small， healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 -16 hours until breakfast the next morning一顿健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛。尽量早点吃晚餐，禁食14 -16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐"，可知这与选项A"Eat properly throughout the day全天合理饮食"意义一致，故选A。
二、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning," says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. "
6．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A．It runs across countries.
B．It reserves seats for the seniors.
C．It functions as a hospital.
D．It travels along a river.
7．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A．It is heavily populated.
B．It offers training for doctors.
C．It is a modern city.
D．It needs medical aid.
8．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A．About a year. B．About ten months.
C．About two months. D．About two weeks.
9．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
【答案】6．C
7．D
8．D
9．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 《圣卢卡斯》号医疗列车是俄罗斯政府专为偏远小镇提供的医疗服务。列车不搭载普通乘客，只为病人提供服务。医生和护士在每个停留站为乡村居民提供基本的医疗检查和药品，每次停留约两天。这是俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗问题而采取的措施之一。列车每年在多个站点停留，为当地居民提供治疗机会。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中的" Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士向农村人口(乡村)提供基本医疗服务、x光扫描和处方"，可知圣卢卡斯和其他火车的区别在于它的功能是医院，故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据"The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医"，可知 Krasnoyarsk也需要医疗救助，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock每年有10个月的时间，火车在两周内停在大约8个车站，然后返回地区首府加油和补充物资"，可知圣卢卡斯一次补给能维持两星期时间，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Ducke的原话"I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned我对医生和他们的助手印象深刻，他们在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关心"和"They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会"，可知达克对圣卢卡斯的服务持感激的态度，故选A。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I am not crazy, "says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. "I am ahead of my time. "If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods, But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医)now practicing "holistic" medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well, "he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job. "
10． What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A．He's odd. B．He's strict C．He's brave. D．He's rude
11． Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
12． What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
13． Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection.
【答案】10．A
11．C
12．D
13．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文， 这篇文章介绍了美国兽医William Farber博士，他是一位采用"整体医学"方法的先驱者，该方法结合了传统的西方治疗方法和中医的针灸、按摩疗法以及草药治疗。Farber博士在遭受严重背痛后，开始对这种替代疗法产生兴趣，并在自己身上尝试针灸后发现效果显著。随后，他将这些技术应用于宠物治疗，并取得了成功。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他不寻常的方法"，可知Farber的同事不认可他的方法，认为他很奇怪，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients20年前，当他遭受严重的背部疼痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。他试过放松肌肉的药物，但收效甚微。然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效"，可知Farber决定在宠物身上尝试针灸是因为作为病人，他从中受益，故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全段，结合"Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月"和"her horse, Nappy, ‘moves more easily and rides more comfortably' after a chiropractic adjustment她的马，纳皮，经过脊椎按摩后，‘移动更容易，骑得更舒服'"可知作者在这一段中，列举了宠物狗Charlie和宠物马Nappy的病例，证明了Faber中医治疗宠物的疗效，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的" Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700自1982年以来，美国整体兽医协会的会员已经从30个增长到700多个"和本段首句"Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time法伯确信，随着时间的推移，整体方法将越来越受欢迎"，可知作者提到了美国整体兽医协会是为了证明Faber的观点——随着时间的推移，整体方法将越来越受欢迎，故选A。
一、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
As
we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen
as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early
60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think
of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for
20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a
heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't
been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your
aging heart.
Levine
and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided
into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight
training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic
exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After
two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We
took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old
hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and
fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those
who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
"The
sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle
age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put
healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all."
Dr.
Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with
far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine
make the biggest difference.
1．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
2．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
3．What does Levine's research find
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．A
4．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了锻炼对于心脏的好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,'says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. ”“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. ”第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善；以及第四段中的“'We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,' says Levine. ” Levine 说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”可知， Levine 的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. ”但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。可知， Nieca Goldberg 博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读理解
Race walking shares many
fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are
conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics
is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the
marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes
race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,
Mass.
Like running, race
walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race
walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn
walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or
more calories per hour.
However, race walking
does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to
her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body
weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only
about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says,
some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place
considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone
wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
（1）Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
（2）What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
（3）What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.
（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.”但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique”事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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主题二：运动健康
一、任务型阅读
（2024·全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation(适度) Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 　1． 　 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.　2． 　It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.　3． 　
Control emotional(情绪的)eating.　4． 　Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
　5． 　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢)，while eating small， healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 -16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
二、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning," says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. "
6．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A．It runs across countries.
B．It reserves seats for the seniors.
C．It functions as a hospital.
D．It travels along a river.
7．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A．It is heavily populated.
B．It offers training for doctors.
C．It is a modern city.
D．It needs medical aid.
8．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A．About a year. B．About ten months.
C．About two months. D．About two weeks.
9．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I am not crazy, "says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. "I am ahead of my time. "If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods, But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医)now practicing "holistic" medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well, "he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job. "
10． What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A．He's odd. B．He's strict C．He's brave. D．He's rude
11． Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
12． What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
13． Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection.
一、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
As
we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen
as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early
60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think
of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for
20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a
heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't
been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your
aging heart.
Levine
and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided
into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight
training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic
exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After
two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We
took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old
hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and
fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those
who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
"The
sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle
age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put
healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all."
Dr.
Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with
far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine
make the biggest difference.
1．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
2．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
3．What does Levine's research find
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读理解
Race walking shares many
fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are
conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics
is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the
marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes
race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,
Mass.
Like running, race
walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race
walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn
walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or
more calories per hour.
However, race walking
does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to
her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body
weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only
about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says,
some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place
considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone
wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
（1）Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
（2）What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
（3）What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.
（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
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