资源简介

目录
① 列数字 1
② 作比较 2
③ 举例子 4
④ 下定义 7
① 列数字
（2024 凉山州模拟) Cities, covering less than 2% of the earth's surface, greatly influence climate change, consuming almost 80% of the world's energy and producing more than 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, net zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050, a target set at the COP26 conference, could be achieved faster using digital twins cities, according to a recent research.
How does the author show the influence of cities on climate change
A. By listing data.
B. By giving examples.
C. By comparing opinions.
D. By quoting research findings.
（2024 河南模拟） The UK is experiencing a boom in book clubs，according to new data from event listing companies.Book club listings on the ticketing site Eventbrite increased by 350% between 2019 and 2023.Between 2022 and 2023 alone，book club listings on the site rose by 41%.Another event listing site，Meetup，reported a 14% increase in the number of RSVPs to book clubs between January 2023 and January 2024，compared with a 4% increase in RSVPs for all UK﹣based events.
How is paragraph 1 mainly developed？ 　 　
A．By giving examples.
B．By listing figures.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By presenting theories.
（2024 河南模拟）From the very beginning of its development，AI consumes a large amount of energy.Some research has estimated that simply training ChatGPT required 1，287 MWh of energy.That's more than what 120 U.S.families use in an entire year.AI lab Hugging Face reported that training its own AI chatbot required roughly 433 MWh，which is the equivalent to 40 U.S.homes.
How is paragraph 3 mainly developed？　
A．By listing figures.
B．By analyzing causes.
C．By reasoning.
D．By comparing.
（2024 南充模拟）"We're redefining the mountain lion in our minds as an animal that can swim and is willing to swim，" says study co﹣author Mark Elbroch. "Water shouldn't be seen as a barrier to movement to any large animal." In Brazil's Pantanal，mountain lions regularly swim in the vast wetland during the wet season.In 2010，Elbroch and his colleagues documented a tagged cat repeatedly swimming across a large lake in Chilean Patagonia to eat domestic sheep on an island，swimming 0.6 miles at a time.
How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 3？ 　
A.By presenting the research record.
B.By providing numerous data.
C.By describing the study process.
D.By quoting experts' opinions.
（2024 安徽二模）Approximately half of working﹣age Americans are struggling to pay for health care expenses，according to a new analysis，which also found around 1 in 3 individuals are struggling with some form of health care debt.
How does the article present Americans' health care payment situation？　
A.By citing data.
B.By giving examples.
C.By giving reasons.
D.By making comparisons.
② 作比较
（2024 晋中模拟) "They have the same age, but different biological ages. Why do these two people age differently "To help answer this question, the researchers enlisted the help of 196 elderly adults, split into two groups: one group of volunteers aged 75 or older who were classified as healthy agers, and the other group of volunteers aged 65﹣75 who were classified as rapid agers. The healthy agers were able to climb a flight of stairs or walk for 15 minutes without resting, while the rapid agers had to take breaks through each activity.
How did the researchers do the study according to the fourth paragraph 　
A. By analysing some figures
B. By making a comparison
C. By quoting an expert
D. By grouping volunteers randomly
（2024 徐州模拟) Participants in the study were shown 40 types of common good news. They were asked which they had personally experienced, which they had shared with others and which they had kept secret, at least for a while, and how these experiences made them feel. They were also asked to imagine they had a piece of good news and to picture two scenarios (场景）, one in which they choose not to tell their partner until the end of the day, and one in which they try to call their partner but cannot get through, so have to wait until later. The first scenario, involving a deliberate choice to keep the secret for a few hours, led to positive feelings, while the second did not.
How did the researchers get their findings 　
A．By making comparisons.
B．By analyzing previous studies.
C．By demonstrating statistics.
D．By referring to literary review.
（2024 安徽三模）Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand.From an ecological perspective，says Brand，moving people out of cities would be disastrous.Because cities are dense，they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land，leaving more space for open country，such as farmland.People living in cities also have less impact per capita（人均） on the environment.Their roads，sewers（下水道），and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate.City apartments require less energy to heat，cool，and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas.Most importantly，people living in dense cities drive less.They can walk to many destinations，and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places.As a result，dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered，sprawling suburbs.
How does the author support Stewart Brand's idea in Paragraph 3？ 　
A.By quoting authorities.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By analysing the causes.
D.By criticizing opposing views.
（2024 宁德三模）Researchers from Rutgers University，New Jersey，USA classified participants into two groups （early and late） based on their natural tendency to seek activity and sleep at different times.The participants were monitored for a week to assess their activity patterns across the day.They ate a calorie and nutrition﹣controlled diet and had to fast overnight to minimise dietary impact on the results.To study fuel preference，they were tested while at rest before completing two 15﹣minute period of exercise：one moderate and one high intensity session on a running machine.Aerobic fitness levels were tested through an incline （斜坡） challenge where the incline was raised 2.5% every two minutes until the participant reached a point of exhaustion.
How was the research conducted？　
A.By making a survey.
B.By making contrasts.
C.By providing examples.
D.By introducing a concept.
（2024 三明三模）The tiny patch consists of a self﹣powered sensing component，which detects and changes signals generated by the throat muscle movements into high﹣accuracy，analyzable electrical signals，which are then translated into speech signals using a machine﹣learning algorithm，and an actuation component，which turns those signals into voice expression.The patch was tested on eight healthy adults who pronounced five sentences （including："Hope your experiments are going well!"，"Merry Christmas!"and"I love you!"） aloud or in silence，and its accuracy was more than 90%.
How does the author introduce the advantage of the patch？　
A.By listing data.
B.By giving examples.
C.By making comparison.
D.By analyzing causes and effects.
（2024 沙坪坝区校级模拟）To find out what makeup does to skin during exercise，researchers applied a drug﹣store﹣brand foundation（粉底液） to the foreheads and under﹣eye areas of 43 university students.They left the bottom halves of everyone's faces makeup﹣free.All of the students then ran for 20 minutes.
How is the research conducted？　
A.By using trial and error.
B.By conducting surveys.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By analyzing historical data.
（2024 冀州区校级模拟）"Unlike above﹣ground tank﹣based water or ice storage systems，ATES will not need space.It's also more efficient and can support larger communities in cooling or heating than traditional geothermal heat pump systems that rely on heat moving with the underground soil，" added co﹣author Hong Tianzhen.
How does Hong Tianzhen explain ATES's advantages？　
A．By giving examples.
B．By discussing results.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By analyzing principles.
③ 举例子
（2024 鼓楼区校级模拟）The Vision Smart TV is not only cutting﹣edge but also family﹣friendly.Turning on the kids mode allows the screen to monitor real﹣time data，offering suggestions for adjusting a child's viewing distance and posture.This provides a safe and comfortable entertainment experience for the younger audience.TorieZ，a Huawei Vision Smart TV3 owner and a mother of a 3﹣year﹣old daughter，shared her experience on Xiaohongshu. "Thanks to the smart screen，my child maintains good posture without constant supervision because her favorite cartoons stop if she slouches（懒洋洋地坐），" she said.When she's free，TorieZ and her husband enjoy exercising together under the instructions of the TV.
How does the author illustrate the benefit of Vision Smart TV3 in Paragraph 3？　
A．By making a comparison.
B．By presenting a reason.
C．By giving an example.
D．By clarifying a definition.
（2024 岳阳模拟）The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing.Changes in the make﹣up of the microorganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson's disease.There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy（孕期） could lead to brain diseases in babies.
How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2？　
A.By explaining a theory.
B.By providing examples.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By presenting cause and effect.
（2024 四川模拟）Climate change isn't just about rising seas and hotter heatwaves；it's also bringing about a pothole （坑洞） disaster on our roads!In 2023，the UK reported nearly 630，000 pothole complaints—a shocking five﹣year peak.Across the road，the USA saw a shocking 57% increase in vehicle damages due to potholes compared to 2021.What's causing this asphalt （沥青） disaster？Climate change is a key factor，damaging our streets with severe weather and rising temperatures.
How does the author stress the serious pothole disasters？　
A．By stating viewpoints.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By making a list of cases.
D．By supposing a situation.
（2024 射洪市模拟）Long before AI came into the picture，scientists and others have worked toward understanding animal communication.Some learned that vervet monkeys have different calls when warning of leopards，eagles or pythons.Others discovered that elephants communicate in rumbles too low for human ears to hear.Bats chatter in squeaks too high for our hearing.Still other groups have explored how bees communicate through dance.
How is the second paragraph developed？　
A.By listing figures.
B.By citing examples.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By analyzing causes.
（2024 南通三模）The ability to think rationally（理性地）and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities （in the evolutionary sense）.And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort.The more established，fundamental systems in our brain，which shape memory and learning，are heavily reliant on emotion.The more emotionally stimulating something is，the easier it is to remember.That's why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam，but struggle to remember any of it once we've passed.Meanwhile，the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen ﹣﹣﹣that memory will last until our dying day.
How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4？　
A.By listing figures.
B.By giving examples.
C.By explaining a concept.
D.By citing experts' words.
（2024 黄陂区校级一模）Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4？　
A.By quoting a theory.
B.By using examples.
C.By making contrast.
D.By making inferences.
（2024 重庆模拟）Perpetual stew is a dish that is never taken off the heat；it's never finished.As portions are served，new ingredients are put in the pot to replace them.One day's stew becomes the basis of the following days' meals.This year，Annie Rauwerda's 60﹣day stew became a social media hit.One Bangkok restaurant claims to have been cooking its beef noodle soup since the 1970s.It has been suggested that perpetual stew was a tradition in Medieval Europe when the effort required to start a fire meant that they were left to burn all day，and a pot of stew was always simmering （煨） away on top of it.One New York Times article tells us about a stew in Normandy that was kept cooking for 300 years.
How is paragraph 2 developed？　
A.By describing process.
B.By making comparison.
C.By following time order.
D.By offering some examples.
（2024 太原二模）Each movement proved spectacular."Clouds"blends a solemn tone with that of peaceful permanence，while"Festivals"follows with blooming joy and loud confidence."Sirens"features the chorus，with their fascinating calls over the ebb and flow（起伏） of the orchestra itself.Different sections make for a spectacular playing and listening experience.
How does the author develop the writing in paragraph 3？　
A.By listing examples.
B.By analyzing models.
C.By comparing theories.
D.By presenting arguments.
（2024 湖北三模）Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin LutherKing called"a dream deeply rooted in the American dream，"or saying with Robert Frost，"I have been one acquainted with the night，"or with Shakespeare，"Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow.."
How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times？　
A.By giving examples.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By displaying methods.
D.By listing figures.
（2024 东湖区校级三模）Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes，for instance，allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4？　
A.By quoting a theory.
B.By using examples.
C.By making contrast.
D.By making inferences.
④ 下定义
（2024 大通县四模）Solar eclipses are a special case of phenomena called transits and occultations，in which an intervening （介于中间的） heavenly body stops light from a star reaching an observer.If the blocking body appears smaller in the sky than the star，the result is called a transit and looks like a dark spot crossing the star's surface.If the blocking object appears larger than the star，the star disappears completely—an occultation.A total eclipse is an occultation.
How does the author develop paragraph 2？　
A．By listing statistics.
B．By giving definitions.
C．By giving examples.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
（2024 广州模拟） When we recall a memory，we bring back specific details about it.But we often also experience a vivid feeling of remembering the event.Memory researchers call these processes objective and subjective memory.A new study shows they can function independently and involve different parts of the brain.
How does the author introduce the topic of the text？　
A.By analyzing problems.
B.By giving examples.
C.By interpreting findings.
D.By defining concepts.
（2024 天心区校级模拟）Rogues （疯狗浪），called "extreme storm waves" by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA）.These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
How does the author introduce the topic？　
A.By using an example.
B.By giving a definition.
C.By drawing a comparison.
D.By making an assumption.
参考答案
列数字：ABABA
作比较：BABBC CC
举例子：CBCBB BDAAB
下定义：BDB

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