资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage复习学案
单词词组过关
1．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ _______________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
2．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→_____________adj.不幸的→____________ adj.幸运的→______________ adv.幸运地→_______________ n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款
3．recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)→ _____________ adj.娱乐的；消遣的
4．guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → _____________ n.指南；手册；导游；向导 v.指路；指导→ _____________ adj.有导游的；有向导的
5．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 →______________ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 →__________________ (缩写 ad.) n. 广告；启事
6．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→_______________ n.(缩写 Corp.) 公司；法人；法人团体
7．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 → _____________ adv. 粗略地；大致地
8．navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→____________ v.领航；航行；导航
9．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的 (SYN devoted; faithful)→____________ adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的→ _____________ n.忠诚；忠实
10．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → ___________ vt.承诺；保证(某个人；机构等) ；vi.忠于；全心全意投入→______________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
11．motive n.动机；原因；目的→ _______________vt.成为......的动机；激发；激励
→ _____________adj.积极的；主动的 →____________ n.动力；积极性；动机
12．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→_____________ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ _____________adj. 有资格的
13．sinker n.（钓丝等的）锤；下坠球→ _____________ v. 下沉；沉没
14．resolver n. 解决问题的人；分解器→ ____________ v. 解决；决定
15．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的／坏的→______________ n.脾气；火气
16．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 →_______________n.残忍；残酷
17．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 → ___________adv.深入地；彻底地；细致地
18．furniture n.家具→ ______________- v.在(房屋等)处布置家具 → ____________adj.(房屋，房间等)配备家具的
答案
重点短语
1. turn sb down ________________
2. make it ________________
3. set off ________________
4. turn back________________
5. hold on________________
6. fall behind________________
7. in all directions________________
8. lead to________________
9. be enthusiastic about________________
10. make fire________________
11. give off________________
12. consist of________________
13. pay back________________
14. at times________________
15.梦想（做）某事________________
16.每况愈下；越来越糟________________
17.毕竟；终究________________
18.困于，停止不前，动弹不得________________
19.振作精神________________
20.超过，不止，不仅仅；非常________________
21.在……岁时________________
22.为……自豪________________
23.尽某人最大努力________________
24.困于……，陷入……________________
25.处理；解决；对付________________
26.决定；选定________________
27.转换（话题）________________
28.安排……________________
29.(时间、空间）在……前面；早于________________
答案
重点句型过关
1. We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。
2. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
3. What if they were delayed
如果他们被延误了怎么办
4. If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。
知识点精讲
1. apply vt.应用，运用；涂，敷　vi.申请　vt. & vi.(对……)适用
(1)apply (to...) for (向……)申请，应聘
apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth. 致力于，专注于(做)某事
apply...to... 把……运用于……；把……应用于……；把……敷到……上
apply to 适用于；关系到；向……申请
(2)application n. 申请；应用；应用软件
make an application to...for... 向……申请……(an application form 申请表)
(3)applicant n. 申请人
(4)applied adj. 应用的；实用的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①However, technology is also the ____________ (apply) of scientific knowledge of solving a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
②The principle that you can become good at things through hard work applies ________ your schoolwork.
③He made an application ________ the company for promotion.
④Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine ________ it.
⑤I would like to apply ________ the vice president of our school English club.
⑥The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to ________ (learn) English.
⑦The job drew a good many ________ (apply) to take part in the interview.
application
答案to
to
to　
for
learning
applicants
2. turn...down拒绝(某人、某个建议等)；把……调低
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tony put on soft music and turned ________ the lights in order to creat a more relaxed atmosphere at home.
②I had been feeling so bad until she turned ________ and told me she would give me another chance.
③The job turned ________ to be harder than we thought.
④He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned ________.
答案down
up　
out　
down
归纳拓展：
turn构成的其他短语：
turn up到达，露面；偶然出现；调高(音量等)
turn off关掉(电灯、电视等)
turn out结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，在场
turn on打开(电流、煤气、水等)
turn in上交；交还
turn back (使)折回，往回走
3. qualified adj.符合资格，具备……的知识(或技能)；具备……的学历(或资历)
(1)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for... 符合……的条件
a qualified accountant/teacher 取得执业资格的会计师/教师
(2)qualify vi. 合格，取得资格(或学历)
vt. 使合格，使具备资格
qualify sb. to do... 使某人有资格做……(qualify sb. for... 使某人能胜任……)
(3)qualification n. [C]资格，资历；学历
have (no) qualifications to do sth. (没)有做……的资格(have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth. (没)有(做)……的资格)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The applicant isn't ________ (qualify) to do the job as he didn't have the relevant experience required for the job.
②He's been informed that he doesn't qualify ________ the scholarship because of his academic background.
③Having studied computer lessons, which are designed for children, is an important qualification ________ the job.
答案qualified
for
to do/for
能力提升
我精通英语，因此完全可以胜任这份工作。(一句多译)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案I have a good command of English. Therefore, I’m well qualified for the job/I’m equal to the job/I’m capable of the job/I have the qualification to do the job.
4. enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的，热烈的
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
(2)enthusiasm n. [U]热情，热心，热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地
(3)enthusiast n. [C]热心者，爱好者
(4)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Moore is enthusiastic ________ the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
②Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her _____________ (enthusiastic) for life.
答案about
enthusiasm
5. aboard prep.上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)；adv.在(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)上
[即学即练]　选词填空(aboard/abroad/board/broad)
①—I am really struck by your spoken English. You speak so fluently. Have you been ________？
—Yes. I stayed in London for two years.
②We are asked to ________ half an hour before the departure time.
③Just before the moment the train started moving, he went ________.
④In our village, there is a ________ road, both sides of which are lined with trees.
⑤I was about to go ________ the plane to go ________ when someone called me.
答案abroad
board
aboard
broad
aboard
abroad
辨析比较：aboard, abroad, board与broad
易混词 区别
aboard prep. & adv.在(火车、船、飞机等)上，上(火车、船、飞机等)
abroad adv.在国外，到国外
board v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；膳食；董事会
broad adj.广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的
6. set off 出发；动身；启程　使(炸弹等)爆炸　引发，激起(＝arouse)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They set ________ one evening a week to talk over with family about the topic of children.
②As soon as she got home, she set ________ preparing lunch.
③Having said goodbye to their friends, they set ________ for Paris.
④He will set ________ all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
⑤If you really want to see the movie, we'd better set off ________ the cinema now.
⑥We set out ________ (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
答案aside　
about　
off/out　
down
for
to paint
归纳拓展：
set构成的其他搭配：
set aside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁
set up设置，设立；建立，开办
set about (doing) sth.着手/开始(做)某事
set down让某人下车；写下，记下(＝write down)
set out动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作(＋to do sth.)
7. assign vt. 分配，分派；指派
(1)assign sb. sth.＝assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物
assign sb. to sth. 指派某人做某一项工作
assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(2)assignment n. [C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，布置
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Develop good habits, like writing down your _______________ (assign) and handing in your homework on time.
②My teacher assigned me ________ (write) an essay about the reform and opening up policy of China.
③The teacher assigned the three boys ________ the task and each did his share.
归纳拓展：
assign work派活；指派工作
assign a value分配一个值；赋值
assignment(s)
答案to write　
to
8. stick v．卡住；困于(常用被动式)　v．将……刺入(或插入)　v．粘住(经常与to搭配使用)　n．枝条；棍状物
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack opened the door and ________ (stick) his head out.
②Few people can stick ________ a diet for long.
③I went up to rescue a kit that ________ (stick) in the tree.
特别提示：
短语stick to意为“坚持；遵守”
答案stuck　
to
was stuck
8. approach vt. & vi. (在距离或时间上)靠近，接近　vt.着手处理，对付(相当于deal with)　n．(距离或时间上的)靠近，接近；[C]方式，方法；路径，道路
the approach of... ……的临近
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中approach的词性及含义/单句语法填空
①New college life is approaching. I'm glad to hear that there will be six clubs for me to join.____________
②The training of the employees was suggested as one approach to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.____________
答案
vi.接近，靠近
n.方法　
③I'll approach the customers' complaints in a few minutes.____________
④Marion found a new approach ________ the boathouse by accident.
⑤They had a heated discussion on whether to adopt a different approach to _____________ (process) information.
归纳拓展：
表示“方式，方法”的短语荟萃：
in a(n)．..manner用……方法
in this way通过这种方式
by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法
the method of/for (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法
with this method通过这种方法
the approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方式/方法
答案vt.着手处理
to
processing
9. abandon vt. 抛弃，遗弃；舍弃，离开；放弃，中止　vt. 陷入，沉湎于(某种情感)
(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
(2)abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感)，陷入(to为介词，后跟名词或v. ing)
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We saw the ___________ (abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
②Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don't abandon yourself ________ this kind of pleasure.
③Bad customs and laws ought to ____________ (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
答案abandoned
to　
be abandoned
10. keep up 使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)；使不低落　沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物　(天气)持续不变　(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上(＋with sb./sth.)
[即学即练]　用keep的相关短语完成句子
①We sang as we were hiking, to ________ our spirits ________.
②Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short term and long term objectives, ________ your belief ________.
③The villagers in this remote mountain village often get together to ________ the cultural traditions and celebrate the festivals as their forefathers did.
④He walked too fast. I had to run to ________ ____ him.
答案keep　 up
keeping　 in mind
keep up
keep up with
归纳拓展：
keep构成的其他短语：
keep away from避免接近，远离
keep on (doing sth.)继续(做某事)
keep...in mind将……记在心中
keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
keep sb. from (doing) sth.阻止某人(做)某事
keep back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露；隐瞒
11. hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住　(电话用语)别挂断，等一下　等；等一下；等等　抓紧，不放开，其后可接to sth., hold on to sth.可用hold onto sth.替换。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中hold on的含义
①If he can just hold on a little longer, we can help him.____________
②Hold on! I can't hear what you are saying.____________
③It's pretty windy. You'd better hold on to your hat.____________
归纳拓展：
与hold相关的其他短语：
hold back阻挡；妨碍进展；隐瞒；抑制，控制(感情等)
hold up支持住；举起；阻碍
hold out伸出手
catch/get hold of抓住，握着
答案坚持住，挺住
等等　
抓紧
12. furniture n．[U]家具(总称)
(1)furnish vt. 为(房屋或房间)配备家具，布置家具
furnish...with... 用……布置……
furnish sb./sth. with sth. 为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with 备有，安装有；陈设有
(2)furnished adj. 配备家具的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She furnished him ________ the facts concerning the case.
②The dark colours of the ________ (furnish) in the dining room are balanced by the brightness of the walls.
③The steamboat was fully furnished ________ life preservers. The passengers might be saved in case of accidents.
④We prefer to rent the apartment which is well ________ (furnish)．
⑤The furniture ________ old and the painting is chipping.
答案with
furniture　
with
furnished
is
13. application n．[C，U]申请，请求，申请书；应用，运用
(1)make an application (to sb.) for sth.
(向某人)申请某物
an application form 申请表
(2)apply vi. 适用，适合
vi. & vt. 申请，请求
vt. 应用，使用
apply to 适用于
apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
(3)applicant n. [C]申请人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I attached a photo to my ___________ (apply) form and sent it to the company.
②The person who wants to apply ________ the position will be expected to have a good command of English.
③After knocking politely at the door, the ________ (apply) entered the office of the general manager.
答案application
for
applicant
14. cheer up “(使)变得更高兴，振奋起来”。可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。
cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来，使某人高兴起来
cheer up (单独使用)高兴起来，振作起来
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was feeling a bit low, so I did my best to cheer him ________.
②Jack has delivered a ________ (cheer) speech which has made people change their minds.
③The game is about to start. I will go to cheer our team ________.
答案up　
cheerful
on
归纳拓展：
(1)cheer v．欢呼，喝彩；鼓舞 n．[C]欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb. on(比赛中)为某人加油
Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！
(2)cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的，振奋的
15. give off意为“放出(热、光、气味或气体)”
give away 捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密)
give back 归还
give up 放弃
give out 用完(不用于被动语态)；分发；宣布；公布(常用于被动语态)；发出(光、热、信号等)
give in 屈服；让步；交上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Body language can give ________ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given ________？
③The stove gives ________ a lot of heat.
④We must go home now. Our money has given ________.
⑤Finally I gave ________ and accepted the job on their terms.
⑥We gave ________ two goals in the first half.
特别提示：
当表示“发出光和热时”give off和give out可以互换
答案
away
out　
off/out
out　
in　
away
16. bored adj.厌倦的，烦闷的
(1)be/get bored with sb./sth. 对某人/某事感到厌烦
be/get bored with doing sth. 厌倦做某事
(2)bore vt. 使厌烦
n. 令人厌烦的人/事
(3)boring adj. 令人厌烦的，没趣的(常用来修饰事物)
(4)boredom n. 厌烦，厌倦，无聊
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After a while, I began to get bored ________ my job. And I decided to have a complete change.
②The lecture was deadly ________ (bore)．
③She made no attempt to hide her ________ (bore)．
④“Lost time will never be found again！” I couldn't help talking to myself because I was fed up ________ being lazy.
⑤Some people refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired ________ those people who disagree with them.
答案with　
boring
boredom
with　
of
联想拓展：
“厌烦”的其他表达法：
be/get tired of
be/get sick of
be/get fed up with
17. vary vt.变更，改变　vi.相异，不同
(1)vary from...to... 从……到……不等(vary with 随……而变动)
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)varied adj. 各种各样的；变化的
(4)variety n. 不同种类；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Ocean colour varies ________ green ________ blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton (浮游植物)．
②Whether it is in the past, at present, or in the future, time would not vary ________ the development of the world.
③他们已经找到了各种各样的方法来满足客人的需求。
→They have found ______________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
→They have found ________________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
→They have found _______________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
答案from　 to
with
various/varied
varieties of
a variety of
18. pay back偿还；报复；回馈
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They kept working hard, and their efforts paid ________ finally.
②I'm sorry to have forgotten to pay ________ the money you lend me a month ago.
归纳拓展：
pay off付清，还清(债务)(及物短语动词)；(计划等)取得成功(不及物短语动词)
答案off
back
mitment n. [C，U]许诺，承诺　n．[U]献身，奉献，投入
(1)make a commitment to... 对……作出承诺
carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺
make a commitment to do sth. 保证/承诺做某事
(2)commit vt. 承诺；犯(罪或错等)；花(钱或时间)
vi. 忠于(某个人、机构等)，全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
be committed to (doing) sth.(commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.) 承诺(做)某事
commit sth. to sth. 将……投入……
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Canadian government is committed to ______________ (advance) the equality and the use of English and French.
②China remains firm in its ________________ (commit) to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
③The president made a commitment ________ the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
答案advancing
commitment
to
语法点精讲
现在完成进行时
一、意义
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、构成
肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)
I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。
否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。
三、用法
1. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)
2. 表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Her eyes are red. It’s obvious that she has been crying for a long time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。
3. 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。
4. 表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。
[名师点津]
不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。
我已经感冒两周了。
I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×)
I have had a cold for two weeks. (√)
写作指导
本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1. 开头(beginning)——总体介绍
2. 主体(body)——详细介绍
3. 结尾(ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1. be keen on 喜欢……
2. adapt himself to...使自己适应……
3. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
4. be eager/thirty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事
5. gain reputation for获得……荣誉
6. have a talent/gift for...有……天赋
[经典句型]
精彩开头
1. Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915.
艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。
2. Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world.
钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
正文佳句
1. He is clever as well as friendly.
他既聪明又友好。
2. He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.
他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价他。
3. His modesty leaves us a deep impression.
他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。
余味结尾
1. All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.
总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。
2. His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today’s communication.
他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。
请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。
姓名：莫言（管谟业）
出生日期：1955年2月17日
出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家
兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法（calligraphy）
性格特征：开朗、幽默
主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；
2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)。
评价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Born into a poor family in Gaomi, Shandong Province on February 17, 1955, Mo Yan, whose original name is Guan Moye, showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years. What’s more, he is not only outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humor. Mo Yan has a talent for literature and he won China’s highest literature prize, Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011. To all Chinese’s excitement, a year later he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, which will certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage复习学案
单词词组过关
1．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ _______________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
2．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→_____________adj.不幸的→____________ adj.幸运的→______________ adv.幸运地→_______________ n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款
3．recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)→ _____________ adj.娱乐的；消遣的
4．guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → _____________ n.指南；手册；导游；向导 v.指路；指导→ _____________ adj.有导游的；有向导的
5．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 →______________ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 →__________________ (缩写 ad.) n. 广告；启事
6．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→_______________ n.(缩写 Corp.) 公司；法人；法人团体
7．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 → _____________ adv. 粗略地；大致地
8．navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→____________ v.领航；航行；导航
9．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的 (SYN devoted; faithful)→____________ adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的→ _____________ n.忠诚；忠实
10．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → ___________ vt.承诺；保证(某个人；机构等) ；vi.忠于；全心全意投入→______________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
11．motive n.动机；原因；目的→ _______________vt.成为......的动机；激发；激励
→ _____________adj.积极的；主动的 →____________ n.动力；积极性；动机
12．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→_____________ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ _____________adj. 有资格的
13．sinker n.（钓丝等的）锤；下坠球→ _____________ v. 下沉；沉没
14．resolver n. 解决问题的人；分解器→ ____________ v. 解决；决定
15．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的／坏的→______________ n.脾气；火气
16．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 →_______________n.残忍；残酷
17．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 → ___________adv.深入地；彻底地；细致地
18．furniture n.家具→ ______________- v.在(房屋等)处布置家具 → ____________adj.(房屋，房间等)配备家具的
重点短语
1. turn sb down ________________
2. make it ________________
3. set off ________________
4. turn back________________
5. hold on________________
6. fall behind________________
7. in all directions________________
8. lead to________________
9. be enthusiastic about________________
10. make fire________________
11. give off________________
12. consist of________________
13. pay back________________
14. at times________________
15.梦想（做）某事________________
16.每况愈下；越来越糟________________
17.毕竟；终究________________
18.困于，停止不前，动弹不得________________
19.振作精神________________
20.超过，不止，不仅仅；非常________________
21.在……岁时________________
22.为……自豪________________
23.尽某人最大努力________________
24.困于……，陷入……________________
25.处理；解决；对付________________
26.决定；选定________________
27.转换（话题）________________
28.安排……________________
29.(时间、空间）在……前面；早于________________
重点句型过关
1. We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。
2. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
3. What if they were delayed
如果他们被延误了怎么办
4. If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。
知识点精讲
1. apply vt.应用，运用；涂，敷　vi.申请　vt. & vi.(对……)适用
(1)apply (to...) for (向……)申请，应聘
apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth. 致力于，专注于(做)某事
apply...to... 把……运用于……；把……应用于……；把……敷到……上
apply to 适用于；关系到；向……申请
(2)application n. 申请；应用；应用软件
make an application to...for... 向……申请……(an application form 申请表)
(3)applicant n. 申请人
(4)applied adj. 应用的；实用的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①However, technology is also the ____________ (apply) of scientific knowledge of solving a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
②The principle that you can become good at things through hard work applies ________ your schoolwork.
③He made an application ________ the company for promotion.
④Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine ________ it.
⑤I would like to apply ________ the vice president of our school English club.
⑥The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to ________ (learn) English.
⑦The job drew a good many ________ (apply) to take part in the interview.
application
2. turn...down拒绝(某人、某个建议等)；把……调低
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tony put on soft music and turned ________ the lights in order to creat a more relaxed atmosphere at home.
②I had been feeling so bad until she turned ________ and told me she would give me another chance.
③The job turned ________ to be harder than we thought.
④He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned ________.
归纳拓展：
turn构成的其他短语：
turn up到达，露面；偶然出现；调高(音量等)
turn off关掉(电灯、电视等)
turn out结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，在场
turn on打开(电流、煤气、水等)
turn in上交；交还
turn back (使)折回，往回走
3. qualified adj.符合资格，具备……的知识(或技能)；具备……的学历(或资历)
(1)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for... 符合……的条件
a qualified accountant/teacher 取得执业资格的会计师/教师
(2)qualify vi. 合格，取得资格(或学历)
vt. 使合格，使具备资格
qualify sb. to do... 使某人有资格做……(qualify sb. for... 使某人能胜任……)
(3)qualification n. [C]资格，资历；学历
have (no) qualifications to do sth. (没)有做……的资格(have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth. (没)有(做)……的资格)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The applicant isn't ________ (qualify) to do the job as he didn't have the relevant experience required for the job.
②He's been informed that he doesn't qualify ________ the scholarship because of his academic background.
③Having studied computer lessons, which are designed for children, is an important qualification ________ the job.
能力提升
我精通英语，因此完全可以胜任这份工作。(一句多译)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的，热烈的
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
(2)enthusiasm n. [U]热情，热心，热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地
(3)enthusiast n. [C]热心者，爱好者
(4)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Moore is enthusiastic ________ the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
②Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her _____________ (enthusiastic) for life.
5. aboard prep.上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)；adv.在(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)上
[即学即练]　选词填空(aboard/abroad/board/broad)
①—I am really struck by your spoken English. You speak so fluently. Have you been ________？
—Yes. I stayed in London for two years.
②We are asked to ________ half an hour before the departure time.
③Just before the moment the train started moving, he went ________.
④In our village, there is a ________ road, both sides of which are lined with trees.
⑤I was about to go ________ the plane to go ________ when someone called me.
辨析比较：aboard, abroad, board与broad
易混词 区别
aboard prep. & adv.在(火车、船、飞机等)上，上(火车、船、飞机等)
abroad adv.在国外，到国外
board v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；膳食；董事会
broad adj.广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的
6. set off 出发；动身；启程　使(炸弹等)爆炸　引发，激起(＝arouse)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They set ________ one evening a week to talk over with family about the topic of children.
②As soon as she got home, she set ________ preparing lunch.
③Having said goodbye to their friends, they set ________ for Paris.
④He will set ________ all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
⑤If you really want to see the movie, we'd better set off ________ the cinema now.
⑥We set out ________ (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
归纳拓展：
set构成的其他搭配：
set aside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁
set up设置，设立；建立，开办
set about (doing) sth.着手/开始(做)某事
set down让某人下车；写下，记下(＝write down)
set out动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作(＋to do sth.)
7. assign vt. 分配，分派；指派
(1)assign sb. sth.＝assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物
assign sb. to sth. 指派某人做某一项工作
assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(2)assignment n. [C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，布置
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Develop good habits, like writing down your _______________ (assign) and handing in your homework on time.
②My teacher assigned me ________ (write) an essay about the reform and opening up policy of China.
③The teacher assigned the three boys ________ the task and each did his share.
归纳拓展：
assign work派活；指派工作
assign a value分配一个值；赋值
assignment(s)
8. stick v．卡住；困于(常用被动式)　v．将……刺入(或插入)　v．粘住(经常与to搭配使用)　n．枝条；棍状物
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack opened the door and ________ (stick) his head out.
②Few people can stick ________ a diet for long.
③I went up to rescue a kit that ________ (stick) in the tree.
特别提示：
短语stick to意为“坚持；遵守”
8. approach vt. & vi. (在距离或时间上)靠近，接近　vt.着手处理，对付(相当于deal with)　n．(距离或时间上的)靠近，接近；[C]方式，方法；路径，道路
the approach of... ……的临近
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中approach的词性及含义/单句语法填空
①New college life is approaching. I'm glad to hear that there will be six clubs for me to join.____________
②The training of the employees was suggested as one approach to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.____________
③I'll approach the customers' complaints in a few minutes.____________
④Marion found a new approach ________ the boathouse by accident.
⑤They had a heated discussion on whether to adopt a different approach to _____________ (process) information.
归纳拓展：
表示“方式，方法”的短语荟萃：
in a(n)．..manner用……方法
in this way通过这种方式
by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法
the method of/for (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法
with this method通过这种方法
the approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方式/方法
9. abandon vt. 抛弃，遗弃；舍弃，离开；放弃，中止　vt. 陷入，沉湎于(某种情感)
(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
(2)abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感)，陷入(to为介词，后跟名词或v. ing)
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We saw the ___________ (abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
②Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don't abandon yourself ________ this kind of pleasure.
③Bad customs and laws ought to ____________ (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
10. keep up 使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)；使不低落　沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物　(天气)持续不变　(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上(＋with sb./sth.)
[即学即练]　用keep的相关短语完成句子
①We sang as we were hiking, to ________ our spirits ________.
②Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short term and long term objectives, ________ your belief ________.
③The villagers in this remote mountain village often get together to ________ the cultural traditions and celebrate the festivals as their forefathers did.
④He walked too fast. I had to run to ________ ____ him.
归纳拓展：
keep构成的其他短语：
keep away from避免接近，远离
keep on (doing sth.)继续(做某事)
keep...in mind将……记在心中
keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
keep sb. from (doing) sth.阻止某人(做)某事
keep back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露；隐瞒
11. hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住　(电话用语)别挂断，等一下　等；等一下；等等　抓紧，不放开，其后可接to sth., hold on to sth.可用hold onto sth.替换。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中hold on的含义
①If he can just hold on a little longer, we can help him.____________
②Hold on! I can't hear what you are saying.____________
③It's pretty windy. You'd better hold on to your hat.____________
归纳拓展：
与hold相关的其他短语：
hold back阻挡；妨碍进展；隐瞒；抑制，控制(感情等)
hold up支持住；举起；阻碍
hold out伸出手
catch/get hold of抓住，握着
12. furniture n．[U]家具(总称)
(1)furnish vt. 为(房屋或房间)配备家具，布置家具
furnish...with... 用……布置……
furnish sb./sth. with sth. 为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with 备有，安装有；陈设有
(2)furnished adj. 配备家具的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She furnished him ________ the facts concerning the case.
②The dark colours of the ________ (furnish) in the dining room are balanced by the brightness of the walls.
③The steamboat was fully furnished ________ life preservers. The passengers might be saved in case of accidents.
④We prefer to rent the apartment which is well ________ (furnish)．
⑤The furniture ________ old and the painting is chipping.
13. application n．[C，U]申请，请求，申请书；应用，运用
(1)make an application (to sb.) for sth.
(向某人)申请某物
an application form 申请表
(2)apply vi. 适用，适合
vi. & vt. 申请，请求
vt. 应用，使用
apply to 适用于
apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
(3)applicant n. [C]申请人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I attached a photo to my ___________ (apply) form and sent it to the company.
②The person who wants to apply ________ the position will be expected to have a good command of English.
③After knocking politely at the door, the ________ (apply) entered the office of the general manager.
14. cheer up “(使)变得更高兴，振奋起来”。可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。
cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来，使某人高兴起来
cheer up (单独使用)高兴起来，振作起来
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was feeling a bit low, so I did my best to cheer him ________.
②Jack has delivered a ________ (cheer) speech which has made people change their minds.
③The game is about to start. I will go to cheer our team ________.
归纳拓展：
(1)cheer v．欢呼，喝彩；鼓舞 n．[C]欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb. on(比赛中)为某人加油
Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！
(2)cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的，振奋的
15. give off意为“放出(热、光、气味或气体)”
give away 捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密)
give back 归还
give up 放弃
give out 用完(不用于被动语态)；分发；宣布；公布(常用于被动语态)；发出(光、热、信号等)
give in 屈服；让步；交上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Body language can give ________ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given ________？
③The stove gives ________ a lot of heat.
④We must go home now. Our money has given ________.
⑤Finally I gave ________ and accepted the job on their terms.
⑥We gave ________ two goals in the first half.
特别提示：
当表示“发出光和热时”give off和give out可以互换
16. bored adj.厌倦的，烦闷的
(1)be/get bored with sb./sth. 对某人/某事感到厌烦
be/get bored with doing sth. 厌倦做某事
(2)bore vt. 使厌烦
n. 令人厌烦的人/事
(3)boring adj. 令人厌烦的，没趣的(常用来修饰事物)
(4)boredom n. 厌烦，厌倦，无聊
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After a while, I began to get bored ________ my job. And I decided to have a complete change.
②The lecture was deadly ________ (bore)．
③She made no attempt to hide her ________ (bore)．
④“Lost time will never be found again！” I couldn't help talking to myself because I was fed up ________ being lazy.
⑤Some people refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired ________ those people who disagree with them.
联想拓展：
“厌烦”的其他表达法：
be/get tired of
be/get sick of
be/get fed up with
17. vary vt.变更，改变　vi.相异，不同
(1)vary from...to... 从……到……不等(vary with 随……而变动)
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)varied adj. 各种各样的；变化的
(4)variety n. 不同种类；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Ocean colour varies ________ green ________ blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton (浮游植物)．
②Whether it is in the past, at present, or in the future, time would not vary ________ the development of the world.
③他们已经找到了各种各样的方法来满足客人的需求。
→They have found ______________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
→They have found ________________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
→They have found _______________ ways to meet the customers' needs.
18. pay back偿还；报复；回馈
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They kept working hard, and their efforts paid ________ finally.
②I'm sorry to have forgotten to pay ________ the money you lend me a month ago.
归纳拓展：
pay off付清，还清(债务)(及物短语动词)；(计划等)取得成功(不及物短语动词)
mitment n. [C，U]许诺，承诺　n．[U]献身，奉献，投入
(1)make a commitment to... 对……作出承诺
carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺
make a commitment to do sth. 保证/承诺做某事
(2)commit vt. 承诺；犯(罪或错等)；花(钱或时间)
vi. 忠于(某个人、机构等)，全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
be committed to (doing) sth.(commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.) 承诺(做)某事
commit sth. to sth. 将……投入……
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Canadian government is committed to ______________ (advance) the equality and the use of English and French.
②China remains firm in its ________________ (commit) to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
③The president made a commitment ________ the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
语法点精讲
现在完成进行时
一、意义
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、构成
肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)
I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。
否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。
三、用法
1. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)
2. 表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Her eyes are red. It’s obvious that she has been crying for a long time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。
3. 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。
4. 表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。
[名师点津]
不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。
我已经感冒两周了。
I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×)
I have had a cold for two weeks. (√)
写作指导
本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1. 开头(beginning)——总体介绍
2. 主体(body)——详细介绍
3. 结尾(ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1. be keen on 喜欢……
2. adapt himself to...使自己适应……
3. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
4. be eager/thirty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事
5. gain reputation for获得……荣誉
6. have a talent/gift for...有……天赋
[经典句型]
精彩开头
1. Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915.
艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。
2. Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world.
钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
正文佳句
1. He is clever as well as friendly.
他既聪明又友好。
2. He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.
他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价他。
3. His modesty leaves us a deep impression.
他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。
余味结尾
1. All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.
总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。
2. His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today’s communication.
他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。
请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。
姓名：莫言（管谟业）
出生日期：1955年2月17日
出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家
兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法（calligraphy）
性格特征：开朗、幽默
主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；
2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)。
评价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Born into a poor family in Gaomi, Shandong Province on February 17, 1955, Mo Yan, whose original name is Guan Moye, showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years. What’s more, he is not only outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humor. Mo Yan has a talent for literature and he won China’s highest literature prize, Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011. To all Chinese’s excitement, a year later he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, which will certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
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