资源简介 2024~2025学年第一学期期末调研考试高一英语试题(A)本试卷满分150分,考试时间 120分钟。注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是 C。1. What does the woman suggest the man do A. Get a strong box. B. Give up airmail. C. Make the goods light.2. What will the speakers do next A. Wait for a phone call. B. Complete the report. C. Go to sleep.3. What will the weather be like A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy.4. What will the woman do A. Have a meeting. B. Visit an engineer. C. Make a call.5. Who is probably the man A. A teacher. B. An interviewer. C. A reporter.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6. Why has the man come to the city A. To travel. B. To work. C. To study.7. What is the relationship between the speakers A. Friends. B. Classmates. C. Workmates.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8. What does the woman need now A. Towels. B. Sheets. C. Lamps.9. When will the woman get back A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.10. Where does this conversation take place A. In a washing room. B. In a restaurant. C. In a hotel room.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11. What did the man do after seeing the weather forecast A. He went shopping.B. He stayed in the hotel.C. He took a taxi to the airport.12. How long did the man stay at the airport most probably A. For one day. B. For two days. C. For three days.13. What made the man feel bad at the airport A. No Internet connection. B. No fun activities. C. No food.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14. How does the woman get the paper on weekends A. She reads it in a café.B. She buys it on the street.C. She gets it by delivery.15. How much does the woman spend on New York Times every week in total A. More than ten dollars. B. Less than five dollars. C. About ten dollars.16. What does the woman prefer for reading A. A smartphone. B. A computer. C. An iPad.17 What does the woman think of reading newspapers on the app A. It saves money. B. It saves energy. C. It saves time.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18. What happened to Bluesky after the U. S. Presidential Election A. It was created.B. It became more popular.C. Its popularity went down.19. What does the name Bluesky symbolize A. Free speech. B. A flying bird. C. An open marketplace.20. What kind of posts can Bluesky users focus on A. New posts. B. Posts they like. C. Posts from friends.第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFour Popular High School ClubsFilm ClubWatch and discuss movies, or even create your own! This club is a great way to analyze (分析) films, learn about filmmaking techniques, and express yourself creatively. You could hold movie marathons, organize guest speaker events with local filmmakers, or even write and produce your own short films.Environmental ClubOrganize school recycling drives, join in community clean-up projects, or raise awareness about environmental issues through activities and educational events. You could also organize educational workshops or film screenings to raise awareness about environmental issues. This club is perfect for students who are crazy about sustainability (可持续性) and taking action.Foreign Language ClubCelebrate the diversity (多样性) of languages and cultures. This is a fun way to learn more about a foreign language and culture, practice your speaking skills in a relaxed setting, and connect with other students who share your interests. You could organize cultural exchange events, movie nights, or have meals with food from many places.Debate ClubStudy topics given to you, discuss what’s happening now, and take part in competitions in your area or across the country. This club is suitable for students who enjoy mental challenges and expressing their well-researched opinions.1. What activity can Film Club members join in A. Organizing a film festival.B. Conducting scientific experiments.C. Writing and producing short films.D. Having a face to face talk with film stars.2. How can Foreign Language Club members practice speaking A. By joining in a debate competition.B. By taking a language learning class.C. By joining in cultural exchange events.D. By writing papers in a foreign language.3. What do the four clubs have in common A. They focus on creative expression.B. They can improve community service.C. They request students to have organizational skills.D. They are useful for students to improve their abilities.BOne person’s rubbish is another person’s literary treasure. In Ankara, Turkey, a group of rubbish collectors couldn’t help but notice a pattern — they kept finding books in the rubbish that they picked up around the city. Sad to see resources (资源) that could easily benefit others being thrown away, they came up with an idea. The workers created a library with the books they rescued from being sent to a landfill.The rubbish collectors began organizing the books in an underground brick factory. The place, which had long been deserted, was part of government buildings. Thanks to its aged brick front and long hallways, the space turned out to be perfect for a library.Once they sorted the books by type, the workers visited the library before and after their shifts (换班). Then, they began lending out books to their friends and families. As the library became more popular, the rubbish collectors finally opened things up to the public in 2017, and books began to be donated instead of being thrown out.With a collection of over 6,000 books, the library features (以……为特征)Turkish literature and story books. It also has a popular kid’s section with comic books and an entire section for scientific research. Ankara has books for people who speak another language, like English and French. Lately, they added a place to relax for readers and chess boards for visitors.The effort has reached beyond Ankara. Not only do the rubbish collectors take pride in the library — something many didn’t have the chance to use when they were young — but village school teachers from all over Turkey are asking for books from this project.4. What did the rubbish collectors first notice about the books they found in the rubbish A. They were rare first editions.B. They were all damaged beyond repair.C. They were mostly educational textbooks.D. They could be a valuable resource for others.5. Where was the library set up A. In a small village.B. In a deserted school.C. In an underground brick factory.D. In the rubbish collectors’ homes.6. How do the rubbish collectors feel about their library project A. Expectant. B. Proud.C. Embarrassed. D. Worried.7. What would be the best title for the text A. Rubbish Collectors’ Dream: A Free LibraryB. From Rubbish to Treasure: A Library’s BirthC. The Power of Recycling in AnkaraD. A Unique Library in TurkeyCA new study has challenged a popular idea about the first people who lived on Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. It was thought that the islanders destroyed their environment by overusing natural resources. However, new research says it was Europeans who arrived and harmed the island.Easter Island, which belongs to Chile, lies 2,200 miles from South America. It’s one of Earth’s most lonely places. The island is famous for its statues and humans first lived there more than 1,000 years ago. When explorers arrived from Europe in the 18th century, they found about 3,000 persons. Many studies suggest that the population had been much greater, but it was destroyed by an environmental disaster.The new study says this is wrong and that the people of Easter Island were thriving, thanks to clever farming techniques like “rock gardening”. Easter Islanders put rocks around and planted in between them, giving their crops protection from the salty sea wind, and keeping temperatures stable (稳定的).Researchers looked at images taken from space and used a computer to copy real-life situations. This allowed them to judge that less than 0.5% of Easter Island was covered by rock gardens, which was enough to support around 2,000 people. Other evidence (证据), such as bones and teeth, suggests people ate food besides the sweet potatoes they grew in the gardens. Taking this into consideration, the researchers think that the island’s population was never more than around 3,000. This is the same as it was when Europeans arrived, suggesting that the population was stable at this time and there had not, in fact, been a disaster.However by the 1860s, 95% of Easter Island’s first people were dead or had been forced to leave. Europeans brought disease to the island along with sheep, which harmed the land by overeating.Dylan Davis, the study’s lead author, said it shows that Easter Islanders, rather than destroying their island, cleverly changed a terrible environment in order to survive.8. What was the previous idea about the first people of Easter Island A. They ruined the environment by using too many natural resources.B. They had a big community due to advanced farming techniques.C. Their population was stable for over a thousand years.D. They moved to Easter Island from South America.9. What made the crops on Easter Island protected from the salty sea wind A. Special plants. B. Rock gardening.C. Sweet potatoes. D. Rock walls.10. What does the underlined word “thriving” in Paragraph 3 mean A. Struggling. B. Developing well.C. Disappearing. D. Gaining popularity.11. Which of the following can best describe early Easter Islanders A. Clever and adaptive. B. Lazy and uncreative.C. Weak and dependent. D. Confident and adventurous.DPuppies are able to request help at just 6 weeks old by repeatedly alternating their gaze (交替注视) between a nearby human and the situation they are struggling with. That is even younger than when babies start communicating that way, when adjusting for differences in how the two species mature, says Stefanie Riemer at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria. Babies generally start meaningfully alternating their gaze at between 8 and 10 months old.In 2021, scientists found that puppies can make eye contact with people and respond to their communication efforts. However, it was unclear whether they could start such communication themselves.Dogs raised in kennels (犬舍) generally only start communicating with humans via their gaze on purpose as young adults. But puppies brought up in someone’s home interact much more with people, which might speed up their communication, says Riemer.To learn more, Riemer and her workmates studied 83 puppies, aged 41 to 52 days, of eight different breeds (品种) that were raised by 11 breeders in their homes. While the breeders were present, Riemer — with whom the puppies were familiar — took each dog into an unknown room of its home. She then presented each puppy with an unsolvable task or a colorful, battery-operated toy looking like a paper bag, which she thought the puppies would be scared of.For the task the puppies first learned that food was under an overturned plastic cup, but it was later stuck down and couldn’t be knocked over. The researchers recorded if the puppies looked between either the toy or the stuck cup and a person’s face within 2 seconds.They found that 69 percent of them alternated their gaze with the toy and 46 percent did so with the stuck cup. The findings suggest that puppies often try to communicate with people when they have benefited from repeated and early positive interactions (互动) with humans earlier, says Kristy Gould at Luther College in Iowa.12. At what age are puppies able to request help by alternating their gaze A. Less than 6 weeks old. B. At least 6 weeks old.C. 8 to 10 months old. D. As young adults.13. What was unclear about the research into puppies in 2021 A. Whether puppies could understand human language.B. Whether puppies could make eye contact with people.C. Whether puppies could start communication on their own.D. Whether puppies respond to human communication efforts.14. Why do kennel-raised puppies communicate with humans later than home-raised ones A. They don’t interact with humans much.B. They are a totally different breed.C. They are not as intelligent.D. They are not as curious.15. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text A. To promote responsible pet ownership.B To compare puppy and baby development.C. To describe a specific puppy training method.D. To present puppies’ early communication skills.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Besides the obvious physical benefits of being physically active, sports can help prepare students for success later in life.Playing sports during high school can help set kids up on a lifelong course of physical fitness. A study published by researchers noted that people who played youth sports were most likely to join in physical activity as senior citizens. ____16____Sports help improve educational performance. Exercise can improve memory and increase focus. This is because exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering more oxygen and nutrients (营养物质) to brain cells, which promotes brain health. ____17____ Enough rest is important for memory and information processing, directly affecting learning outcomes.Sports help reduce stress. Exercise releases endorphins (内啡肽), helping students focus on something other than troubles. ____18____ Adults who took part in high school sports reported lower levels of stress and felt mentally healthier than those who didn’t.Sports help develop teamwork skills. ____19____ They learn to put the team’s needs above their own, promoting a spirit of shared duty. This will be applied to other fields of their life in the future, such as in the workplace.____20____ In sports, students learn to work together, address disagreements and support one another. These experiences contribute to their overall social development and prepare them for successful relationships in future life.Should you join a sport in high school Whatever you do, get out there and play!A. It also contributes to improved sleep quality.B. Social skills and teamwork often go hand in hand.C. Sports help strengthen social skills among students.D. It allows students to team up closely with their partners.E. The fact encourages students to play sports hard and study hard.F. In that sense, consider high school sports a key factor for teen’s lifetime health.G. This positive effect during teenage years can lead to long-term mental health benefits.第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A 28-year-old man has set a new British record for running across Australia, completing the 4,320 km journey from Perth to Sydney’s Bondi Beach in 61 days.Mr. Pitcher began the journey on 6 October alongside Joshua Smith, his ____21____ from Reading. However, Mr. Smith had to ____22____ running unexpectedly midway ____23____ health issues. Looking back on his ____24____, Mr. Pitcher said, “I’m excited. I’m ____25____ of what I’ve done.”The final part was specially ____26____. Following a 120 km run, Mr. Pitcher tried a 150 km push to ____27____the journey within 60 days but had to stop after experiencing hallucinations(幻觉). “I went through the night and got to Sydney, but I was lightheaded on the road, and it was not safe,” he ____28____. After a short rest, he completed the journey early on Thursday.The achievement was not just about setting ____29____. Mr. Pitcher and Mr. Smith _____30_____ to raise fund for SSAFA, the Armed Forces charity, and ARC Wokingham. Mr. Pitcher, who _____31_____ depression(抑郁), hopes his journey encourages others with mental health problems to face life _____32_____.The two friends who set off on their journey in early October have overcome a number of difficulties along the way. Mr. Pitcher spoke of the _____33_____ Australian wildlife — cute kangaroos and koalas — and the kindness of _____34_____ who offered cold drinks during his run. Looking ahead, Mr. Pitcher plans to have a good _____35_____ and then consider future opportunities.21. A. trainer B. classmate C. guide D. friend22. A. continue B. quit C. enjoy D. avoid23. A. due to B. as for C. other than D. apart from24. A. failure B. competition C. achievement D. experiment25. A. proud B. ashamed C. tired D. afraid26. A. pleasant B. long C. challenging D. boring27. A. restart B. finish C. mark D. break28. A. complained B. explained C. repeated D. replied29. A. goals B. records C. rules D. examples30. A. offered B. begged C. refused D. aimed31. A. suffered from B. fought for C. worked out D. related to32. A. formally B. wisely C. positively D. obviously33. A. amazing B. endangered C. frightening D. common34. A. organizers B. workmates C. neighbors D. strangers35. A. swim B. dinner C. rest D. sleep第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Over 2, 200 parents and family members from as far away as Singapore joined their students on campus from Oct. 25 to 27 for Brown University’s Family Weekend.The annual tradition allows parents and families ____36____ (experience) the campus life as a Brunonian for a few days. This year it included ____37____ (variety) activities, from student performances and athletic events to research forums (论坛) and lectures, ____38____ (provide) a deep insight (见解) into the exciting life at Brown.“The most important part is not all the events ____39____ will impress you — it’s finding out firsthand what life is like for your child here,” said Brown President Paxson in a welcome address.Among the ____40____ (attraction) was a lecture by Professor Cobb titled “Our Climate Future: Students as Changemakers”. She spoke about the ways that the current generation of students ____41____ (encourage) to face critical climate challenges through research and action right now.“____42____ (honest), it’s a great community event,” said a parent. “In ____43____ (compare) with other social events, it stirs up my emotions more. It is the first time that I have been able to see the campus, meet the students, go to all these different things… it kind of brings me back to when I was in school.” The event not only developed ____44____ sense of community but also enabled parents to reconnect ____45____ the excitement of academic (学术的) and social life on campus.第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)46. 假定你是李华,计划在周末组织一次常山公园远足活动。请你给热爱远足的交换生朋友 Terry写一封电子邮件,邀请他参加并完善活动方案,内容包括:1. 写邮件目的;2. 活动内容;3. 你的期待。注意:1. 写作词数应为80个左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Terry,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua第二节 (满分25分)47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。On September 15, 1752, twelve-year-old Lewis Hallam Jr. stood shaking on the stage, his heart beating fast in his chest. Born in a family that worked in the theater, with his mother an actress and his father the manager of their theater company, Lewis had never before faced an audience.The theater, once a well-known place during the day, now seemed strange and scary, with the walls moving in the light from the hanging lamps, and the air full of the smells of smoke, and the press of the crowd, all eyes focused on him.The Hallam family’s theater company had made the journey from England to America earlier that year, and tonight’s performance of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marked their first show in this new world. Lewis was clearly aware of the importance of this play; their jobs in the future depended on how well this show did.His father, a clever manager, thought that both Lewis and his big sister should be given roles in the play because people often clapped (鼓掌) for kids, even if they weren’t great at acting. This was called the “clap trick”. His sister had already done her part and people liked it a lot, and now it was Lewis’s turn.He was to play a helper to Portia, the main girl in the play, with a single line to say. His mom was playing Portia, so he simply had to walk up to her as she handed him a letter and say, “Madam, I go with all convenient speed.”As Lewis stood in the bright light, scared, his mom smiled at him. She held out the letter and said, “But get thee gone. I shall be there before thee.” It was his time to talk. He must speak now. He looked at the audience, his tongue feeling heavy in his mouth. Then, without saying anything, he started crying and ran off the stage.注意:1. 续写词数应为150个左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Backstage, Lewis was hugged by his worried yet supportive father.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________As Lewis returned to the stage, his mother offered an encouraging nod to him.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024~2025学年第一学期期末调研考试高一英语试题(A)本试卷满分150分,考试时间 120分钟。注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是 C。1. What does the woman suggest the man do A. Get a strong box. B. Give up airmail. C. Make the goods light.2. What will the speakers do next A. Wait for a phone call. B. Complete the report. C. Go to sleep.3. What will the weather be like A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy.4. What will the woman do A Have a meeting. B. Visit an engineer. C. Make a call.5. Who is probably the man A. A teacher. B. An interviewer. C. A reporter.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6. Why has the man come to the city A. To travel. B. To work. C. To study.7. What is the relationship between the speakers A. Friends. B. Classmates. C. Workmates.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8. What does the woman need now A. Towels. B. Sheets. C. Lamps.9. When will the woman get back A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.10. Where does this conversation take place A. In a washing room. B. In a restaurant. C. In a hotel room.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11. What did the man do after seeing the weather forecast A. He went shopping.B. He stayed in the hotel.C. He took a taxi to the airport.12. How long did the man stay at the airport most probably A. For one day. B. For two days. C. For three days.13. What made the man feel bad at the airport A. No Internet connection. B. No fun activities. C. No food.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14. How does the woman get the paper on weekends A. She reads it in a café.B. She buys it on the street.C. She gets it by delivery.15. How much does the woman spend on New York Times every week in total A. More than ten dollars. B. Less than five dollars. C. About ten dollars.16. What does the woman prefer for reading A. A smartphone. B. A computer. C. An iPad.17. What does the woman think of reading newspapers on the app A. It saves money. B. It saves energy. C. It saves time.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18. What happened to Bluesky after the U. S. Presidential Election A. It was created.B. It became more popular.C. Its popularity went down.19. What does the name Bluesky symbolize A. Free speech. B. A flying bird. C. An open marketplace.20. What kind of posts can Bluesky users focus on A. New posts. B. Posts they like. C. Posts from friends.第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A【1~3题答案】【答案】1. C 2. C 3. DB【4~7题答案】【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. BC【8~11题答案】【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. AD【12~15题答案】【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。【16~20题答案】【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. D 20. C第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。【21~35题答案】【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)【36~45题答案】【答案】36. to experience37. various38. providing39. that 40. attractions41. are being encouraged42. Honestlyparison44. a 45. with第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)【46题答案】【答案】Dear Terry,Knowing our shared interest in hiking, I’m excited to invite you to join a hiking trip at Changshan Park this weekend. It’s a good place perfect for nature lovers and hikers like us.We’ll take a beautiful route that offers breathtaking views of the park’s lake and green trees. Along the way, we’ll have a picnic lunch. It’ll surely be a good chance to relax, exercise, and create unforgettable moments.Feel free to suggest any ideas you might have to make this trip more enjoyable. Looking forward to our fun-filled weekend!Yours,Li Hua第二节 (满分25分)【47题答案】【答案】One possible version:Backstage, Lewis was hugged by his worried yet supportive father. He wiped away Lewis’s tears and said, “You can do this, son, the stage is just a place for storytelling. It’s alright to feel fearful, but remember, we are always here supporting you.” Lewis saw not just the manager of a theater company, but a father believing in his son. His words gave Lewis comfort and courage. Taking a deep breath, Lewis felt a sense of bravery building up inside him and decided to face his fears.As Lewis returned to the stage, his mother offered an encouraging nod to him. The audience, once impatient, fell silent, their focus entirely on Lewis. His mother, still in her role, repeated her lines. This time, Lewis locked eyes with her, with his father’s words in his mind. He accepted the letter and, his voice rang out clearly and powerfully. As he spoke, the audience burst into loud applause. Lewis overcame his fear and became a true performer. That night marked more than a successful performance; it celebrated the theme of belief and courage in facing one’s fear. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览