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作业17　自我认知和成长类说明文
说明文七选五阅读文体解读
1．语言正式且简洁：说明文通常采用正式且简洁的语言来描述、解释或说明某一主题或现象。避免使用过于口语化或冗长的表达方式，以便于读者快速理解和把握内容要点。
2．客观性强：说明文强调客观性，尽量使用客观的文字来描述、解释和概括事物。避免使用过多的主观评价和感彩，以确保信息的准确性和可信度。
3．结构清晰：说明文的结构通常非常清晰，常常采用“总－分－总”或“总－分”的结构来组织内容。首先提出主题或论点，然后分点展开说明，最后可能进行总结或强调。这种结构有助于读者快速理解文章的主旨和要点。
4．内容广泛：说明文涉及的内容非常广泛，可以涵盖自然、社会、科技、文化等各个领域。在七选五阅读中，说明文可能涉及知识介绍、教人如何学习、如何做事、如何健康幸福地生活等方面的内容。
5．注重逻辑和条理：说明文在描述和解释事物时，注重逻辑和条理。通常会采用清晰的定义、分类、排序、划分等方式来组织内容，以便于读者快速理解和把握要点。
说明文七选五阅读解题技法
1．通读全文，理解大意
·快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，这通常出现在文章的开头或结尾部分。
·掌握文章的结构和主要内容，对文章的整体框架有一个大致的了解。
2．浏览选项，初选答案
·在对全文的大意有所了解后，依次浏览所有的选项。
·注意选项中出现的与原文相同或相似的词汇，试着将选项代入原文，看是否符合上下文逻辑。
3．详细阅读，确定答案
·仔细阅读文章的正文部分，并找出各个段落的关键词，这有助于理解文章的具体内容和细节。
·明确各选项的含义，并抓住其关键词语。注意词汇复现(如同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等)、代词以及语篇标记语等，这些都有助于确定正确答案。
4．分析逻辑关系
·注意句子之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列等。这些逻辑关系有助于确定句子在文中的正确位置。
·特别注意空前空后的句子，通过它们与选项中的句子进行比较，找出关联性。
5．排除法
·如果某个选项与文章内容或上下文逻辑明显不符，可以直接排除。
·注意找出与其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的句子也可能是错误的选项。
6．注意代词和定冠词
在做七选五阅读时，要特别注意句子中出现的人称代词或指示代词。通过代词在句子中所作的成分，可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，然后从选项中找出这类句型。
7．先易后难　在解题过程中，可以先从容易的题目开始做起，逐渐攻克难题。这有助于建立信心，提高解题效率。
8．复查答案　在完成所有题目后，复查答案。将选定的选项代入原文中，检查是否符合上下文逻辑和文章的整体意思。
(每小题2.5分，满分25分)
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don’t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be ①world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact，don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it’s true. 5 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to ②have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a ③fixed aspect of your personality.
语境猜词
①world-changing(合)＝world＋changing
②have a go
③fixed(派)＝fix＋ed
B
(2024·江苏盐城、南京一模)
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often postpone our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
2 If you never try，you’re going to be ①weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a ②mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
A．Ask yourself what would be worse.
B．Starting small is completely acceptable.
C．You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D．New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F．You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential.
G．Hard as it is，it’s crucial to ③wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
语境猜词
①weigh down
②mindset(合)＝mind＋set
③wave off
语境猜词答案 A．①改变世界的　②试一试　③固定的 B．①使烦恼，使焦虑；压垮　②观念模式，思维倾向 ③拒绝，不接受
答案精析
A
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
1．D　[根据空前内容可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处内容应该和“不要太自责”相似。选项D(宽恕自己也同样重要)与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。]
2．B　[根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。]
3．F　[根据上文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多微不足道，都要把它写下来)与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。]
4．C　[根据空后内容“That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C(他们甚至可能想试一试做这个练习)符合语境，C项中的“They”指代空前的“a friend or family member”。故选C。]
5．G　[根据空前内容可知，作者认为人从错误中吸取教训。选项G(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固定的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。]
B
1．B　[后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，由此可知本句是在建议从小的方面开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。]
2．C　[根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。]
3．G　[后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，相信自己能够取得成功，由此可知要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。]
4．F　[上文提到不要让恐惧占据上风，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，充分发掘你的潜力”符合语境，故选F。]
5．E　[上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，故选E。]作业18　社会交往指南类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
Fitness Magazine recently ①ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”．One reason was: “You’ll actually ②show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，”while another read：“ 1 ” With a ③workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙的) competition.
So，how do you find a workout partner
First of all，decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and ④flexibility？Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do，how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities，and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
语境猜词
①run熟义：v.跑，奔跑
生义(文义)：v.
②show up
③workout(合)＝work＋out
④flexibility(派)＝flexib(le)＋ility
B
(2020·新课标Ⅱ)
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 1
·Stay positive.
Go to your doctor’s visits with a good attitude. 2 Think teamwork! Think positive!
·①Keep track of how you are feeling.
3 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状) and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you’ve felt that way.
· 4
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses，treatments，what the doctors told you to do，and anything else you think your doctor should know.Also，if you are allergic(过敏的) to any medicines，be sure to mention that to your doctor.
·Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5 Remember—there’s no such thing as a stupid question.If you don’t understand the answer to a question，ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A．This will make getting answers easier.
B．Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C．You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.
D．Before your doctor’s visit，keep notes on how you are feeling.
E．Remember，your doctor and other ②caregivers are on your side.
F．Bring your medical history，including a list of your current medicines.
G．Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
语境猜词
①keep track of
②caregiver(合)＝care＋giver
C
(2024·山东青岛一模)
When you think of your closest friends，who will come to your mind Perhaps your college roommates or the neighbor you played with as a child.Regardless of how you met these people，they most likely have one key thing in common： 1 A 2023 study found that，for those aged 21 to 30，over 80 percent in their social circles，were born within five years of them.Moreover，nearly 63 percent of adults have no close friends 15 years older or younger than them.
Spending our time with such a narrow group of people can ①fuel age segregation and increase our loneliness.These limitations also keep us from other generations’ mindsets and potentially surprising points of connection. 2 Of course，the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years.
A program that runs schools out of senior centers has said a lot about it. 3 Dawn Carr，a sociology professor，said most older people get much from practical help—with new technology，for instance—their younger friends offered. 4 Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to “act their age”．
5 Lila，aged 75，was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression，for which the young was grateful.Also，older friends offer more examples of what growing up can look like.If someone’s parents are the only older people they know well，they might fail to picture other possibilities.A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own ②blueprint.
A．You ③befriend those who live around.
B．They’re all roughly the same age as you.
C．Others might find joy in exposure to new ideas.
D．Brought closer，both see more than one benefit.
E．Younger friends can be a ④reminder of past selves.
F．Forming these kinds of friendship is particularly hard today.
G．Indeed，⑤intergenerational relationship is never a one-way street.
语境猜词
①fuel熟义：n.燃料
生义(文义)：v.
②blueprint(合)＝blue＋print
③befriend(派)＝be＋friend
④reminder(派)＝remind＋er
⑤intergenerational(派)＝inter＋generation＋al
语境猜词答案 A．①刊登　②到达，出现　③锻炼　④灵活性 B．①跟踪，记录　②照料者，护理者 C．①加剧　②蓝图，计划　③做……的朋友　④提醒人的事物　⑤代与代之间的
答案精析
A
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与伙伴一起健身的好处以及如何找到一个一起健身的伙伴。
1．C　[上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去健身”，再根据“while another read”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起健身的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起健身，你会更努力”符合语境。]
2．D　[根据下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？”可知，空处与其并列，也应是一个一般疑问句，D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？”符合语境。]
3．B　[根据下文“If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.”可知，B项“健身伙伴通常需要住在附近”符合语境，that person对应B项中的A workout partner。]
4．G　[空处位于段尾，应该是总结性的句子，上文列出了寻找健身伙伴的布告所要包含的信息。所以G项“任何寻找健身伙伴的布告都应包含这些信息”总结上文，符合语境。]
5．F　[根据上文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.”以及下文“Over time，both of you will benefit”可知，F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”符合语境。different skills对应F项中的differences。]
B
1．B　[根据文章第一段的内容可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或感到尴尬去讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文列出的几条具体的建议，所以B项符合题意，故选B。]
2．E　[根据后文“Think teamwork！Think positive！”可知，E项与此呼应，故选E。]
3．D　[根据本段小标题“Keep track of how you are feeling.”以及本段的内容可知，D项切题，故选D。]
4．F　[空处是段落小标题，根据后文内容可知，你的病史是你的疾病、治疗过程、医嘱以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你对任何药物过敏的话，一定要告诉你的医生。由此可知，本段主要是关于病史的，故F项符合题意，故选F。]
5．A　[根据上文“To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.”可知，A项“这将更容易得到答案”承接上文，A项中的This指代上文提到的做法，故选A。]
C
1．B　[根据前文“Regardless of how you met...one key thing in common(不管你是怎么认识这些人的，他们很可能有一个关键的共同点)”以及后文“A 2023 study found that...than them.(2023年的一项研究发现，对于21岁至30岁的人来说，他们社交圈中超过80%的人是在他们出生日期5年内出生的。此外，近63%的成年人没有比自己大或小15岁的亲密朋友。)”可知，空处主要说明前文提到的共同点是什么，结合后文的研究发现可知这些人都与你年纪接近。故B选项“他们都和你差不多大”符合语境，故选B。]
2．E　[后文“Of course，the ones...coming years.(当然，那些年龄较大的可能会让我们对未来几年有一个简要的了解。)”提到了年龄较大的朋友会让我们了解未来，与此相对应，空处应说明年轻的朋友会让我们想起过去。故E选项“年轻的朋友可以让你想起过去的自己”符合语境，故选E。]
3．D　[根据上文“A program that runs schools...about it.(一个在老年中心外开办学校的项目对此做了很多介绍。)”以及后文“Dawn Carr，a sociology professor...their younger friends offered.(社会学教授道恩·卡尔说，大多数老年人从年轻朋友提供的实际帮助中获益良多，比如新技术。)”以及最后一段讲的老年人朋友对年轻人的好处可知，空处主要说明项目介绍了老年人和年轻人相处，双方都会得到很多好处。故D选项“拉近距离，两者都看到了不止一个好处”符合语境，故选D。]
4．C　[后文“Having fun with someone...‘act their age’．(和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，绝对可以减轻他们‘表现得像同龄人’的压力。)”提到了年纪大的人和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心可以减轻心理压力，即心理层面的好处。故C选项“其他人可能会从接触新思想中找到乐趣”符合语境，故选C。]
5．G　[结合上文主要论述了年轻人给老年人带来的好处，后文则主要提到了老年人对年轻人的好处，可知此处作为本段的首句，应该承上启下，说明带来的好处不是单向的，故G选项“的确，代际关系从来不是单行道”符合语境，故选G。]作业19　健康指南类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·河南新乡二模)
We watch our salt and fat ①intake to protect our hearts.We exercise and take calcium to protect our bones.We use ②sunscreen to protect our skin. 1 A lot.We asked experts what lifestyle steps people should be taking to protect their vision and eye health.
Invest in quality sunglasses.Protecting the eyes from ultraviolet rays(紫外线) is very important. 2 To shield your eyes，wear sunglasses certified to block out 99 to 100 per cent of UVA and UVB rays.
3 You don’t have to be doing construction work or factory work to need protective ③eyewear.Gardening，yardwork，home repairs and sports all pose the risk of trauma(损伤) to the eyes.It’s estimated that up to 90 per cent of sports-related eye injuries are actually preventable with proper eye protection.Experts recommend wearing sports or safety glasses with poly-carbonate lenses，which are a type of plastic that will not easily shatter or break.
Take a break from screens. 4 But staring at a screen can leave eyes fatigued(疲惫的) and may blur vision.Experts suggest following the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes，take a break and look at something about 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Get your eyes checked regularly.That means having your eyes tested by an optometrist or health care provider every one to two years.Don’t forget to see an eye specialist for a ④checkup regularly，if possible. 5
A．Stay away from dangerous work.
B．Wear safety glasses when needed.
C．But how can we protect our eyes from screen
D．But what can we do to protect our eyes all year round
E．Not all eye problems are noticeable，and all are best treated when found early.
F．It’s one of the biggest things in our environment to have an impact on the eyes.
G．There’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes.
语境猜词
①intake(合)＝in＋take
②sunscreen(合)＝sun＋screen
③eyewear(合)＝eye＋wear
④checkup(合)＝check＋up
B
(2024·安徽“江南十校”一模)
With everything going on in the world，it’s no wonder so many of us are struggling to sleep. 1 And it’s hard to fall back asleep again.However，simple steps before bed can help.
Test your pillow.If you bought your pillow in 2022，it’s already old.The National Sleep Foundation suggests replacing your pillow every one to two years. 2 “When your brain is sending pain signals，it can’t send sleep signals，” says Dr Michael J Breus，a ①clinical psychologist and sleep specialist.
Get an hour of sunlight each day.Morning sunlight is important for good sleep.“It stops producing melatonin in your brain，which，helps relieve the sleepy morning feeling，” Breus says.It also sets a mental time to produce melatonin，the ②so-called sleep hormone，that evening.Aim for 15 to 30 minutes of direct light first and two 15-minute outdoor breaks during the day. 3
Skip salty snacks before bed.In a Japanese study，researchers followed 321 patients with high-salt diets and sleep issues for 12 weeks. 4 And those who consumed more salt woke up more often to go to the bathroom.
5 If you need to air complaints to your family，don’t wait until night.Tough discussions are less likely to disturb your sound sleep if you initiate them earlier.Arguments can activate your sympathetic nervous system，which disturbs sleep.Some research even suggests that going to bed angry may make you ③bad-tempered the next morning.
A．Avoid arguments with your family.
B．④Handle your troubles before dinner.
C．It signals your brain that it is time to be awake.
D．It contributes to good health when exposed to light.
E．It’s normal to wake up at night，especially as you age.
F．A used one in the past can cause neck pain and restless sleep.
G．When people cut them down，their average toilet trips decreased.
语境猜词
①clinical(派)＝clinic＋al
②so-called(合)＝so＋called
③bad-tempered(合)＝bad＋tempered
④handle熟义：n.把手，拉手
生义(文义)：v.
C
Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations，focusing on the mind-body-nature connection. 1 That’s a slower，lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness.Here’s everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses.For reaping the mental health benefits，it is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 2 Meanwhile，consciously observing the sights，sounds，smells，and physical sensations during the walk can significantly impact cognitive and emotional well-being.
To stimulate the mind，consider exploring different routes than usual.Without your favourite podcast or playlist，you might slip into boredom on your walk. 3 And it might even be good for your brain.Scientists ①applaud the virtues of boredom for brain health，believing that it boosts creativity and improves social connections.And if you do get bored，rest assured that it shows you’ve disconnected from ②external distractions.Go with it，and make sure you take a different route each time—it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes.If you’re usually a headphone wearer，it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes，but give yourself a second to adjust.Chances are，once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk，you’ll feel the magic kick in. 4
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential.After completing a silent walk，take time to reflect upon any emerging thoughts，feelings，or insights. 5 Journaling about the experience can also ③solidify connections between thoughts and ideas，providing a valuable tool for self-reflection and growth.
A．But being bored won’t hurt you.
B．Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C．Adjusting the routine gradually can help ④ease into the experience.
D．You’ll also start noticing the little things around you more clearly.
E．They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth.
F．Unlike ⑤exercise-oriented walking，it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps.
G．In such an environment，you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape(音景)．
语境猜词
①applaud熟义：v.鼓掌
生义(文义)：v.
②external(派)＝exter＋n＋al
③solidify(派)＝solid＋i＋fy
④ease into
⑤exercise-oriented(合)＝exercise＋oriented
语境猜词答案 A．①摄入，吸入　②防晒油；防晒霜　③眼镜防护；护目镜　④审查，检查；健康检查 B．①临床的，临床诊断的　②所谓的　③脾气不好的；易怒的　④应付，处理 C．①称赞，赞许　②外部的，外面的　③(使)变稳固，巩固　④逐渐适应　⑤以锻炼为导向的
答案精析
A
1．D　[上文是关于如何保护心脏、骨骼和皮肤的，而下文是关于如何保护眼睛的，由此可知空处应该询问保护眼睛的方法。D项“But what can we do to protect our eyes all year round？(但是我们能做些什么来全年保护我们的眼睛呢？)”符合语境，且与空后的答语“A lot.”呼应。故选D。]
2．F　[本段提出的建议是戴上太阳镜来保护眼睛免受紫外线照射，F项“It’s one of the biggest things in our environment to have an impact on the eyes.(这是我们生活环境中对眼睛影响最大的因素之一)”中的“It”指代上文中的“ultraviolet rays”，符合语境。故选F。]
3．B　[空处为段落主旨句。根据下文中“据估计，高达90%的与运动有关的眼部伤害实际上是可以通过适当的眼睛保护来预防的。专家建议戴有聚碳酸酯镜片的运动眼镜或安全眼镜，聚碳酸酯镜片是一种不易破碎的塑料”可推知，本段建议在必要的时候需要戴上安全眼镜。B项“Wear safety glasses when needed.”符合语境。故选B。]
4．G　[根据下文“But staring at a screen can...blur vision.(但是盯着屏幕会让眼睛疲劳，可能会模糊视力。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，说明电子屏幕发出的光不一定会损害眼睛。G项“There’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes.(没有科学证据表明电子屏幕发出的光会损害眼睛)”符合语境。故选G。]
5．E　[本段主要建议定期检查眼睛，空处承接上文，说明定期检查眼睛的好处就是及早发现问题并进行治疗。E项“Not all eye problems are noticeable，and all are best treated when found early.(并非所有的眼部问题都是显而易见的，而且及早发现最好治疗)”符合语境。故选E。]
B
语篇解读　本文为说明文，主要说明了当代社会很多人都出现了睡眠质量问题，本文提出了几条建议，以帮助读者提高睡眠质量。
1．E　[下文“And it’s hard to fall back asleep again.”描述很难再次入睡，由此可知本句主要说明夜晚入睡的问题，E选项“半夜醒来很正常，尤其是随着年龄的增长”在此处能起到承上启下的作用。故选E。]
2．F　[上文“The National Sleep Foundation...to two years.”提到需要每一到两年更换一次枕头，下文“When your brain...sleep specialist.”谈论疼痛带来的影响。由此可知，设空处应与“枕头”和“疼痛”有关，F 选项符合语境，且其中的代词“one”指代上文的 pillow，进一步解释更换枕头的原因：用过很久的枕头可能导致颈部疼痛和辗转难眠。故选F。]
3．C　[根据上文“Get an hour of sunlight each day...Breus says.”可知，本段建议每天享受一小时的阳光，这有助于缓解早晨的困倦感。C选项中的“It”指代上文提到的接受阳光直射和户外休息的行为。这种行为是为了提醒大脑白天要保持清醒。C选项“它告诉你的大脑是时候清醒了”符合语境。故选C。]
4．G　[由下文“And those who consumed more salt woke up more often to go to the bathroom.(而那些摄入更多盐的人更频繁地醒来去洗手间。)”可知，减少高盐饮食后，起夜次数会减少。G选项“当人们减少摄入时，他们平均上厕所的次数减少了”符合语境，故选G。]
5．B　[根据下文可知，如果你需要向家人抱怨，不要拖到晚上。睡前的争论对睡眠有影响，甚至影响第二天的心情。故本段建议在晚饭前处理好麻烦。空处位于段首，是本段主旨句。故选B。]
C
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了静默行走这一趋势，探讨了如何进行静默行走，以及这种行走方式对健康的好处，特别是对促进认知和情感福祉的潜在影响。
1．F　[根据上文“Silent walking involves walking...connection.(静默行走包括在户外行走，不受音乐或对话等干扰，专注于身心自然的联系。)”以及下文“That’s a slower...about the trend.(这是一种较慢、影响较小的放松方式，非常适合健身。以下是您需要了解的有关这一趋势的所有信息。)”可知，空处应补充上文内容，并引出下文。F项“与以锻炼为导向的行走不同，它不关注达到特定的速度或步数”符合语境。F项中的it指代前文中的“Silent walking”，“reaching certain speed or steps”和下文中的“a slower，lower-impact way”相呼应。故选F。]
2．G　[上文“Select a natural setting...peaceful natural location.(选择一个自然的环境，充分利用你的感官。为了获得心理健康的好处，建议找一个安静、宁静的自然环境)”说明静默行走需要选择一个安静、宁静的自然环境。由此可知，空处应承接上文内容，G项“在这样的环境中，你可以沉浸在自然的音景中”符合语境，G项中的“In such an environment”和前文中的“a quiet and peaceful natural location”相呼应。故选G。]
3．A　[上文“To stimulate the mind...on your walk.(为了刺激大脑，可以考虑探索与平时不同的路线。如果没有你最喜欢的播客或播放列表，你可能会在散步时陷入无聊。)”说明在静默散步时你可能会感到无聊。空处和空后一句与前文形成转折关系，指出无聊的积极影响，这为下文科学家对无聊的积极评价提供了逻辑上的衔接。故选A。]
4．C　[上文“If you’re usually a headphone wearer...you’ll feel the magic kick in.(如果你通常是一个戴耳机的人，在没有音乐的情况下走路会感觉非常奇怪，但给自己一秒钟的时间来调整。很有可能，当你安静地散步几分钟后，你会感觉到神奇的力量出现了。)”说明当你调整自己去接受静默行走时，你会发现它神奇的力量。空处是对上文的承接，并呼应段落主题。空处所在的段落讨论了开始进行静默行走的建议，从五分钟开始，逐渐增加到三十分钟。C项“逐渐调整常规可以帮助轻松进入体验”符合语境，故选C。]
5．E　[上文“After completing a silent walk...or insights.(在完成一次静默行走后，花时间反思任何新出现的想法、感受或见解。)”说明在完成静默行走后需要作出反思。空处与前文内容形成逻辑上的解释关系，说明反思的重要性。E项“它们可以加深理解并作为个人成长的记录”符合语境，E项中的They指代前文中的“any emerging thoughts，feelings，or insights”。故选E。]作业20　生活实用指南类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2022·浙江1月)
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day，and still feel happy and relaxed. 1
Pick the most important.
2 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies，but don’t want the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends，family，work，play，etc. 3 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.Build your social life around people in your work environment.Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career(职业) around the people and activities you love.
　4　
You would think learning takes more time from you，but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks，freeing you up for the most important.Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.Celebrate progress and keep ①refining toward a happy productive existence. 5 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any ②productivity ③handbook.
语境猜词
①refine(派)＝re＋fine
②productivity(派)＝product＋ive＋ty
③handbook(合)＝hand＋book
B
(2024·河南信阳二模)
The secret to truly enjoying life lies in making small changes to everyday lives.Taking care of yourself and connecting with others are just some of the ways you can live a happy life.We’ve made an ①extensive list of practical tips. 1
Put yourself and your happiness first.While making a decision，choose the things that will make you the most pleased. 2 When you focus on your passions and interests，you’ll feel more optimistic and ②energized.And allow yourself to be involved in the small things that can keep your spirits up，such as going for a short walk each day.
Reward yourself for making progress and continuing to grow.Make sure to celebrate even the smallest signs of progress and growth rather than only praising yourself for the successes.Give yourself an encouraging gesture or word occasionally. 3 Or，be sure to reward yourself with small breaks throughout the workday.
4 Rather than ③bottling up all of your thoughts and keeping them to yourself，let others know when you need something.Doing so can help you become more confident and feel like you have control over your life.When you speak your mind and live life on your own terms，you’ll be more content.
Turn off the news every now and then.Consuming too much negative news can lead to stress.While it’s great to keep up with current events，the news can have a bad effect on your happiness levels if lots of negative things have happened recently. 5 If you still want to read，avoid potentially stressful topics.
A．Be honest about your wants and needs.
B．Don’t be afraid to seek out new experiences.
C．They’ll help you enjoy your life to the fullest.
D．Also，make taking care of yourself a top priority.
E．Invest your time and resources in improving yourself.
F．Even just skipping it for a day or two might help ease your worry.
G．Buy yourself a treat whenever you cross something off your to-do list.
语境猜词
①extensive(派)＝ex＋tens＋ive
②energize(派)＝energ(y)＋ize
③bottle up
C
(2024·广东汕头一模)
The Decluttering Philosophy That
Keeps Your Home Organized
When you sit at your desk，you may constantly be confronted by chaos. 1 Here an expert shares some useful strategies to ①keep our messes at bay and her decluttering philosophy—getting rid of unnecessary possessions and distractions.
2 “What becomes clutter and where your clutter collects can say a lot about what’s going on with you.” Thus the first thing you should keep in mind is to understand your clutter.When you understand the reasons behind your clutter，it’s a lot easier to know what to keep and what to get rid of.
When it comes to organizing，don’t bite off more than you can chew.If you start off with too big a goal，you might get discouraged if the job takes too
long. 3 Instead，start with something less challenging.You can also work within short time restrictions.All in all，setting realistic goals and breaking tasks up into manageable portions can really help.
Once you’ve chosen an area to declutter，make a list of everything you have in that space.Then comes the hardest part: figuring out what to get rid of.At this stage，please look at your items with neutral eyes. 4
②Admittedly，it’s easy to be organized the day after decluttering，when tidiness is still top of mind.But what happens when you come home from a trip and are too tired to unpack your luggage Or when you get the flu and are too sick to clean up 5 In other words，make a system that works for you even when you’ve got to work or when you’ve got a cold.
A．Everyone’s clutter tells a personal story.
B．So don’t restore your entire garage in one afternoon.
C．The key is to create practices that can be easily maintained.
D．It can help you let go of things you don’t need but feel ③attached.
E．④Comparatively speaking，the job taking shorter time will be easier to finish.
F．At this time you may wonder how to clean up your space and keep it that way.
G．If you are worried about these situations，you can delay your decluttering schedule.
语境猜词
①keep...at bay
②admittedly(派)＝admit＋(t)ed＋ly
③attached(派)＝attach＋ed
④comparatively(派)＝compar(e)＋ative＋ly
语境猜词答案 A．①改进，改善　②生产率，生产力　③手册，指南 B．①广阔的；广泛的　②使充满热情　③压抑，抑制；隐瞒 C．①避免　②诚然，不可否认地　③依恋；爱慕　④比较上，相对地
答案精析
A　1.F　2.D　3.C　4.B　5.G
B　1.C　2.D　3.G　4.A　5.F
C　1.F　2.A　3.B　4.D　5.C作业21　工作学习实用指南类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·山东潍坊二模)
It was dinner time，yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day.①Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me.But with my head down and headphones in，I had interacted with very few of them.The day passed more like a ②fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced. 1
This was my first week living the digital nomad lifestyle.I had left my corporate role and found freelance(自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. 2 With enthusiasm，I expected my attitude would also change.Instead，the first surprising realization of my travel journey had hit: despite changing my formal suits to casuals，I was the exact same person I had been at home.
I had prepared excitedly，surfing online about digital nomadism. 3 While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle，unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often.After six years abroad，realism is now the primary message I share.
4 Instead of an office room，you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh.Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues，your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes.These dreams exist and are waiting for you once you clear customs.
But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads. 5 At-home life and life on the road can at times feel shockingly similar，or，if bad work habits take over，even worse.It’s an important expectation to understand before you set out on your digital nomad lifestyle: your surroundings will change，but you take you everywhere that you go.No matter how ③ultra-light you pack.
A．And my surroundings looked different.
B．But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job.
C．This was a typical day back in my office I managed to escape.
D．New surroundings may also make you fully engaged in your work.
E．Should you choose to become a digital nomad，your environment will change.
F．You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled.
G．Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism.
语境猜词
①cheery(派)＝cheer＋y
②fast-forwarded(合)＝fast＋forwarded
③ultra-light(合)＝ultra＋light
B
(2024·安徽蚌埠三模)
Ways to increase your reading speed
In a world ①overflowing with information，the ability to read quickly and effectively is a valuable skill.Increasing your reading speed is a journey that combines technique，practice，and a patient mindset. 1
Active reading.
Active reading involves engaging with the material rather than passively absorbing words.Techniques such as underlining key phrases，taking brief notes and asking questions about the content can significantly enhance your reading speed. 2 That ultimately leads to a quicker reading pace.
Expand your peripheral(周边的) vision.
A substantial portion of reading involves the movement of your eyes across lines of text.By expanding your peripheral vision，you can take in more words with each glance. 3 This adjustment can lead to a significant increase in reading speed while maintaining comprehension.
Minimise subvocalisation(默读)．
Subvocalisation，or the habit of pronouncing each word in your head as you read，can be a major barrier to reading speed. 4 To break the subvocalisation habit，try reading passages where the content is presented visually，such as in graphs or charts.This exercise encourages your brain to process information without relying on the inner voice，gradually reducing the need for subvocalisation.
　5　
Like any skill，increasing your reading speed requires consistent practice.Set aside devoted time each day for focused reading practice.Gradually increase the ②complexity and length of the material，challenging your brain to read faster while maintaining comprehension.This intentional and varied practice is key to improving your ③newfound speed-reading skills.
A．Practice regularly.
B．Concentrate on reading.
C．By following the strategies，you’ll be looking through texts in no time.
D．These actions force your brain to stay focused and process information more efficiently.
E．Gradually，your eyes will become better at capturing information in a wider field of vision.
F．Despite a natural part of early reading development，it can ④block progress of reading faster.
G．Practice widening your focus to capture groups of words rather than focusing on one word at a time.
语境猜词
①overflow(合)＝over＋flow
②complexity(派)＝complex＋ity
③newfound(合)＝new＋found
④block 熟义：n.一块(木料、石头等)；街段，街区　生义(文义)：v.
C
(2024·辽宁沈阳一模)
When it comes to studying，most of us ①bank on being able to focus on our subject like a shooter on his mission target.It is when we actually sit down to study that our minds begin to slip away.This is because focus is like a muscle.Unless you build it，you’ll be distracted by everything！ 1
Make a to-do list
Sometimes the simple act of writing down everything that’s on your plate makes it more manageable.You get it out of your working memory，so it’s
no longer part of the ②free-floating anxiety cloud around you. 2 Once it’s out of your head，it won’t distract you.
Meditate(冥想)
3 Just breathe in，breathe out.Try this for five to fifteen minutes each day.As you get into this practice，most find their minds are in fact an incredibly noisy and distracting place.Loads of ideas are always popping up.This is normal，though.The real value is in noticing every time your mind wanders，you bring your attention back.
Listen
Focused listening is a life skill，one that can be applied in many areas. 4 When you do this，you’ll discover that deep listening is HARD WORK and requires brain power.
Read difficult works
Read long-form pieces of work at a slow，deliberate pace.Reading difficult material successfully requires real concentration and determination，and your willpower will grow accordingly.
Focus is a skill you can nurture in yourself. 5 The more you work on it，the more focused you will stay.
A．You can cross things out，one by one.
B．Doing it isn’t supposed to be necessary.
C．It takes effort，but the results are well worth it.
D．One simple practice is to focus on your breathing.
E．Let’s see what you can do to build your focus power.
F．You’ll be physically strong if you can power up your focus.
G．It’s important to do your listening actively and ③single-mindedly.
语境猜词
①bank on
②free-floating(合)＝free＋floating
③single-mindedly(合)＝single＋minded＋ly
语境猜词答案 A．①愉快的，高兴的　②快进的　③超轻的 B．①充满，挤满　②复杂性　③新发现的；新得到的　④阻碍 C．①指望，期待　②自由浮动的；浮动的　③一心一意地；专心地
答案精析
A　1.B　2.A　3.G　4.E　5.F　
B　1.C　2.D　3.G　4.F　5.A　
C　1.E　2.A　3.D　4.G　5.C作业22　文学与艺术类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
As an artist who shares her journey on social media，I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately，there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember，though，what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small ①studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a ②springboard for more complex works in the future. 1 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life.There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes，portraits，or landscapes，paint from life as much as possible. 2
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 3 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
· 4 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 5 Push through，give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You’ll hit roadblocks，and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and，if needed，③redefine your role.
G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
语境猜词
①study熟义：v.学习，研究
生义(文义)：n.
②springboard(合)＝spring＋board
③redefine(派)＝re＋define
B
(2022·新课标Ⅱ)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However，the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
1 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay，put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free. 2 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won’t work for everyone，it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 3 Yet，by learning to live with ①imperfection，you will save yourself headaches and a ②wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration，not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 4 As a result，these writers never get in the habit of ③crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore，you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all，learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft，again setting your text on triple-space.
语境猜词
①imperfection(派)＝im＋perfect＋ion
②wastepaper(合)＝waste＋paper
③cross out
C
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Art comes in two main categories: realistic and abstract.Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes，people，and objects exactly as they appear.It involves paying close attention to details，making things look like photographs. 1 It’s more about expressing feelings，emotions，and ideas.
Realistic art is easy to understand.Viewers can easily recognize what is portrayed.Take the Mona Lisa，for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. 2 They help us to learn about the past.
Unlike realistic art，abstract art is more about being creative. 3 They use shapes，colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas.Abstract art means different things to different people.Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork conveys.
4 Realistic art needs precision in drawing or sculpting to make things look real.Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways.Many artists are skilled in both.They create realistic pieces to demonstrate their technical skills and abstract ones to display their ①creativity.
As for personal preference，some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art，interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms.Together，the two kinds of art make the art world diverse and ②engaging. 5
A．Both types of art take skills to make.
B．Photographs preserve faces of folks from long ago.
C．Grasping abstract art demands more artistic training.
D．Both ways of creating art have their own value and beauty.
E．In contrast，abstract art focuses less on realistic appearances.
F．Artworks like this tell stories about history and everyday life.
G．Artists have the freedom to go beyond real-life ③representations.
语境猜词
①creativity(派)＝creativ(e)＋ity
②engaging(派)＝engag(e)＋ing
③representation(派)＝represent＋ation
语境猜词答案 A．①(绘画的)试画　②跳板；出发点　③重新定义，重新界定 B．①不完美；瑕疵　②废纸；纸屑　③划掉 C．①创造力，独创性　②迷人的，吸引人的　③表现
答案精析
A　1.C　2.G　3.A　4.D　5.E
B　1.D　2.B　3.E　4.F　5.G
C　1.E　2.F　3.G　4.A　5.D作业23　人与自然及环境类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·湖南邵阳二模)
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 1
2 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves，①low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago，and a billion people would lose food or income.However，reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae(海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素) that force those coral to leave.This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help，such as identifying naturally ②heat-resistant corals and ③cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 3 Without carbon reduction and decline in local，coral-killing pollution，even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference. 4 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 5 Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction，the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are ④grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However，the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语境猜词
①low-lying(合)＝low＋lying
②heat-resistant(合)＝heat＋resistant
③cross-breed(合)＝cross＋breed
④ground熟义：n.地，地面
生义(文义)：n.
B
(2024·湖北七市州二模)
My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist(水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. 1 Actually，the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.
I am most interested in the impact of warming temperatures on snow melting rates，and I have started studying snowmelt since 2009 in Utah and Colorado.When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment，the ①mountainous landscapes were covered in dust. 2 It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition(沉积) onto snow.
3 I usually have to cover several kilometers，carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel(铲子) to dig a snow hole，tools to cut snow and measure its density，and containers to collect snow for analyses.One year，I hit a dusty area of snow，broke my ski and sliced my leg open.
In areas with heavy dust deposition，such as the southern Rocky Mountains，dust speeds up melting by one or two months.Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering，but dust builds up over time and ②darkens the surface. 4
I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research.For example，how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting. 5 As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier，we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons，including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently.
A．The dust caused a lot of trouble.
B．I went for miles in the wilderness.
C．Doing my research is no easy task.
D．One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.
E．In Colorado，the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.
F．As a result，the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.
G．My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.
语境猜词
①mountainous(派)＝mountain＋ous
②darken(派)＝dark＋en
C
(2024·江西萍乡一模)
New Animals
In northern Vietnam，in thick forests in the North Annamite Mountains，there is a wildlife park called Vu Quang.In 1986，the area was made an official forest reserve.In 2002,550 square kilometers of the area were declared a National Park. 1 It is in an area that is hard to get to，for one thing.And it’s an area that’s difficult to walk through because the rocks are covered with algae and are very ①slippery.
2 In the last twenty years，several new species of animals that have never been seen anywhere in the world before have been discovered there.Some of them are so new that scientists haven’t given them official names yet!
The new animals discovered at the park include the Vu Quang ox or Saola，a “slow” deer，a giant muntjac(the world’s largest，in fact)，a black deer and a “holy” goat. 3
The Saola was the first new species of large mammal to be discovered in more than fifty years，so it caused a lot of excitement in the scientific world. 4 It has horns that can be between one and two feet long，and that seem to come out of the animal’s head at slightly different angles.That’s why it is called “Saola”，meaning “spinning wheel posts” in Vietnamese.
The creature had hidden safely for generations in the Vu Quang area.But once it was discovered，it was in danger. 5 Sadly，the Saola is now being hunted and may well end up as another ②endangered species.
A．That’s why it attracts hunters.
B．Vu Quang is no ordinary park，though.
C．Hunters have no respect for new species.
D．But that’s not all that is unusual about Vu Quang.
E．Five new species of fish have also been found there.
F．This was the first time so many new species had been found in this area.
G．It is a strange goat-like creature that looks as if it is somehow related to cattle.
语境猜词
①slippery(派)＝slip＋per＋y
②endangered(派)＝en＋danger＋ed
语境猜词答案 A．①低洼的　②抗热的，耐热的　③使杂交，杂交繁育 ④充分的理由 B．①多山的　②使变暗，变黑 C．①湿滑的，容易打滑的　②(动植物)濒危的
答案精析
A　1.C　2.A　3.G　4.B　5.D
B　1.G　2.E　3.C　4.F　5.D
C　1.B　2.D　3.E　4.G　5.C

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