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高频考点词类4　名词
明考向 巧解题
高考语法填空对于名词的考查主要是动词、形容词变为名词，名词变为复数、名词的所有格 1.判断填名词的依据 若空格前有冠词或形容词性物主代词，则应考虑填名词；若空格在谓语动词前作主语，或在及物动词/介词后作宾语，也需要考虑填名词。 2.名词变为复数 若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分仍用名词，则考虑名词复数； 空前有数词、these、those、several、all、both、various等修饰可数名词或空前有one of时用名词复数； 谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。 3.名词的所有格 若提示词和其后的名词之间是所属关系，应考虑名词所有格：单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s；以-s或-es结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’。
　　　 如何判断名词
典例剖析
语境猜词：①house(转)n.→v.
语境猜词：②weighty(派)＝weight＋y
答案　1.engineering　2.richness　3.visibility　4.completion　5.arrival　6.warning 语境猜词答案　①收藏，安置　②adj.严重的
温馨提示
动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-tion/-sion celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝活动　conclude→conclusion结论；结束　admit→admission承认；准许进入
-er/-or announce→announcer广播员　conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
-ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就　argue→argument辩论；论据(注意去掉e)
-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现；外貌　exist→existence存在；生活方式　prefer→preference偏爱
-ure fail→failure失败；倒闭　press→pressure压力
-ing hear→hearing听力；听觉　begin→beginning开端
-y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈　discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择　vary→variety多样化；种类　tend→tendency趋向；趋势
形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足；短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率；功效　fluent→fluency流利；流畅　accurate→accuracy准确性　private→privacy隐私；私密
-dom free→freedom自由　wise→wisdom明智；智慧
-ce different→difference差异　silent→silence沉默
-ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点　kind→kindness仁慈　careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th warm→warmth温暖　wide→width宽度
-ty safe→safety安全　cruel→cruelty残忍，残酷　honest→honesty诚实　difficult→difficulty困难
即时演练
1．(2024·湖北二模)In ____________(recognize) of his contributions，Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award.
2．(2024·山东济南一模)Later，he also produced teaching videos，published books，and released albums，significantly boosting the instrument’s ____________(popular)．
3．(2024·山东济宁二模)The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo，once struggling to sustain its ________(survive)，has undergone a remarkable turnaround.
4．(2024·安徽池州二模)The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known，but it is the ____________(true) in history.
5．(2024·福建福州三模)The awards not only attract public attention and give scientific research more ____________(expose)．
6．(2024·陕西宝鸡三模)As the tea ____________(distribute) and trade center of the ancient Tea Horse Road，Pu’er City is recognized as the origin of the renowned Pu’er tea and tea culture.
　　　 如何判断名词复数形式
典例剖析
技法归纳
即时演练
1．(2024·浙江台州二模)She made many creative and bold ____________(adaptation) to the traditional figurines，like using machines to paint the clothes.
2．(2024·江苏二模)Ancient Chinese __________(philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture.
3．(2024·河南濮阳二模)For a group birthday party this year，Wong and her friends decided to dress up in the ancient Chinese clothes and get their ____________(photo) taken.
4．(2024·湖南永州三模)Those in Dazhai are important ____________(representative) of Longji terracing，a well known type of terrace that can be found all over the county.
5．(2024·山东日照二模)From cupping to personalized herbal treatment，she encourages others to explore the diverse and useful __________(approach) that Chinese traditional medicine has to offer.
6．(2024·湖南岳阳三模)Horse face skirt，also known as “horse faced pleated(有褶的) skirt”，is one of the main skirt ____________(style) of ancient Chinese women.
　　　 如何判断名词所有格形式
典例剖析
技法归纳
即时演练
1．(2024·山东泰安三模)Free or paid，each stamp serves as a representation of the ____________(visitor) presence at that specific location，becoming a cherished part of their memories.
2．(2024·湖南怀化三模)After about an ________(hour) drive from Guilin city，a cruiser will then take you to Yangshuo，a beautiful ancient city，to start a wonderful journey.
3．(2024·福建宁德三模)The changing of facial make-ups and colors reflects a ____________(character) mood—red representing anger and black extreme fury.
答案精析
解法1
1．recognition　[考查名词。介词In后用recognition作宾语，构成固定短语in recognition of“为了表彰/认可……”。故填recognition。]
2．popularity　[考查名词。分析句子可知，空处作boosting的宾语，且被定冠词the和名词所有格instrument’s修饰，应用名词，popular的名词形式popularity是不可数名词。故填popularity。]
3．survival　[考查名词。分析句子可知，空处作动词sustain的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词its，所以空格处应该填survive的名词形式survival，不可数。故填survival。]
4．truth　[考查名词。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词truth作表语，为不可数名词，故填truth。]
5．exposure　[考查名词。本空作动词give的直接宾语，应用名词exposure，不可数。故填exposure。]
6．distribution　[考查名词。根据连词and可知，空处与名词trade是并列关系，作定语修饰名词center，用名词形式distribution；distribution and trade center“集散和贸易中心”。故填distribution。]
解法2
1．adaptations　[考查名词复数。空处作made的宾语，adaptation在此意为“改编本”，为可数名词，根据前文的many可知，用复数形式。故填adaptations。]
2．philosophies　[考查名词复数。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据后文的have可知，主语用复数形式。故填philosophies。]
3．photos　[考查名词复数。photo“照片”为可数名词，根据前面的代词their可知，此处需用复数表示泛指。故填photos。]
4．representatives　[考查名词复数。此处作表语，主语Those是复数，故应用可数名词的复数形式，故填representatives。]
5．approaches　[考查名词复数。根据句意，并结合空前的diverse可知，此处表示多个方法，用复数approaches作宾语。故填approaches。]
6．styles　[考查名词复数。根据前文one of可知，空处应用名词复数形式。故填styles。]
解法3
1．visitor’s　[考查名词所有格。分析句意，此处表示“每枚印章代表这名游客到过某地”，visitor和presence是所属关系，所以应用名词所有格。故填visitor’s。]
2．hour’s　[考查名词所有格。根据句意，表示“一个小时的车程”，空处用所有格形式hour’s。故填hour’s。]
3．character’s　[考查名词所有格。空处修饰名词mood，表示“一名角色的情绪”，应用名词所有格。故填character’s。](共29张PPT)
语法填空
专题四
名词
高频考点词类4
明考向 巧解题
高考语法填空对于名词的考查主要是动词、形容词变为名词，名词变为复数、名词的所有格 1.判断填名词的依据
若空格前有冠词或形容词性物主代词，则应考虑填名词；若空格在谓语动词前作主语，或在及物动词/介词后作宾语，也需要考虑填名词。
2.名词变为复数
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分仍用名词，则考虑名词复数；
空前有数词、these、those、several、all、both、various等修饰可数名词或空前有one of时用名词复数；
谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。
3.名词的所有格
若提示词和其后的名词之间是所属关系，应考虑名词所有格：单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s；以-s或-es结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’。
解法1
如何判断名词
典例剖析
语境猜词：
① house(转)n.→v.__________
收藏，安置
语境猜词：
② weighty(派)＝weight＋y_________
adj.严重的
答案　1.engineering　2.richness　3.visibility　4.completion　5.arrival　6.warning
温馨提示
动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-tion/-sion celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝活动　conclude→conclusion结论；结束　admit→admission承认；准许进入
-er/-or announce→announcer广播员　conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
-ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就　argue→argument辩论；论据(注意去掉e)
后缀 例词
-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现；外貌　exist→existence存在；生活方式　prefer→preference偏爱
-ure fail→failure失败；倒闭　press→pressure压力
-ing hear→hearing听力；听觉　begin→beginning开端
-y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈　discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择　vary→variety多样化；种类　tend→
tendency趋向；趋势
形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足；短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率；功效　fluent→fluency流利；流畅　accurate→accuracy准确性　private→privacy隐私；私密
-dom free→freedom自由　wise→wisdom明智；智慧
-ce different→difference差异　silent→silence沉默
-ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点　kind→kindness仁慈　careless→
carelessness粗心大意
-th warm→warmth温暖　wide→width宽度
-ty safe→safety安全　cruel→cruelty残忍，残酷　honest→honesty诚实　difficult→difficulty困难
1.(2024·湖北二模)In ____________(recognize) of his contributions，Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award.
即时演练
考查名词。介词In后用recognition作宾语，构成固定短语in recognition of“为了表彰/认可……”。故填recognition。
recognition
2.(2024·山东济南一模)Later，he also produced teaching videos，published books，and released albums，significantly boosting the instrument’s ____________(popular).
考查名词。分析句子可知，空处作boosting的宾语，且被定冠词the和名词所有格instrument’s修饰，应用名词，popular的名词形式popularity是不可数名词。故填popularity。
popularity
3.(2024·山东济宁二模)The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo，once struggling to sustain its ____________(survive)，has undergone a remarkable turnaround.
考查名词。分析句子可知，空处作动词sustain的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词its，所以空格处应该填survive的名词形式survival，不可数。故填survival。
survival
4.(2024·安徽池州二模)The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known，but it is the ____________(true) in history.
考查名词。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词truth作表语，为不可数名词，故填truth。
truth
5.(2024·福建福州三模)The awards not only attract public attention and give scientific research more ____________(expose).
考查名词。本空作动词give的直接宾语，应用名词exposure，不可数。故填exposure。
exposure
6.(2024·陕西宝鸡三模)As the tea ____________(distribute) and trade center of the ancient Tea Horse Road，Pu’er City is recognized as the origin of the renowned Pu’er tea and tea culture.
考查名词。根据连词and可知，空处与名词trade是并列关系，作定语修饰名词center，用名词形式distribution；distribution and trade center“集散和贸易中心”。故填distribution。
distribution
解法2
如何判断名词复数形式
典例剖析
答案　1.themes　2.interviews　3.events　4.humans　5.ideas
技法归纳
1.(2024·浙江台州二模)She made many creative and bold ____________
(adaptation) to the traditional figurines，like using machines to paint the clothes.
即时演练
考查名词复数。空处作made的宾语，adaptation在此意为“改编本”，为可数名词，根据前文的many可知，用复数形式。故填adaptations。
adaptations
2.(2024·江苏二模)Ancient Chinese ____________(philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture.
考查名词复数。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据后文的have可知，主语用复数形式。故填philosophies。
philosophies
3.(2024·河南濮阳二模)For a group birthday party this year，Wong and her friends decided to dress up in the ancient Chinese clothes and get their ____________(photo) taken.
考查名词复数。photo“照片”为可数名词，根据前面的代词their可知，此处需用复数表示泛指。故填photos。
photos
4.(2024·湖南永州三模)Those in Dazhai are important ________________
(representative) of Longji terracing，a well-known type of terrace that can be found all over the county.
考查名词复数。此处作表语，主语Those是复数，故应用可数名词的复数形式，故填representatives。
representatives
5.(2024·山东日照二模)From cupping to personalized herbal treatment，she encourages others to explore the diverse and useful ______________
(approach) that Chinese traditional medicine has to offer.
考查名词复数。根据句意，并结合空前的diverse可知，此处表示多个方法，用复数approaches作宾语。故填approaches。
approaches
6.(2024·湖南岳阳三模)Horse-face skirt，also known as “horse-faced pleated(有褶的) skirt”，is one of the main skirt ____________(style) of ancient Chinese women.
考查名词复数。根据前文one of可知，空处应用名词复数形式。故填styles。
styles
解法3
如何判断名词所有格形式
典例剖析
答案　1.son’s　2.person’s
技法归纳
1.(2024·山东泰安三模)Free or paid，each stamp serves as a representation of the ____________(visitor) presence at that specific location，becoming a cherished part of their memories.
即时演练
考查名词所有格。分析句意，此处表示“每枚印章代表这名游客到过某地”，visitor和presence是所属关系，所以应用名词所有格。故填visitor’s。
visitor’s
2.(2024·湖南怀化三模)After about an ________(hour) drive from Guilin city，a cruiser will then take you to Yangshuo，a beautiful ancient city，to start a wonderful journey.
考查名词所有格。根据句意，表示“一个小时的车程”，空处用所有格形式hour’s。故填hour’s。
hour’s
3.(2024·福建宁德三模)The changing of facial make-ups and colors reflects a ____________(character) mood—red representing anger and black extreme fury.
考查名词所有格。空处修饰名词mood，表示“一名角色的情绪”，应用名词所有格。故填character’s。
character’s

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