资源简介

应用文写作是考查学生语言综合运用能力最直接和最有效的形式。它不仅考查学生词汇和语法的运用能力，也考查学生的总体分析能力、观察能力、逻辑思维能力、篇章结构的组织能力和表达能力等。其话题覆盖范围广，涵盖了学校生活、社会生活、旅游、文化习俗、课外活动等方面，这些话题与学生生活密切相关，既符合学生的认知水平，也贴合学生的实际，让学生有内容可写。新课程标准中要求学生能在应用文写作中有条理地描述自己或他人的经历，阐述观点，表达情感态度；能描述事件发生、发展的过程；能描述人或事物的特征，说明概念；能在表达过程中有目的地选择词汇和语法结构，确切表达意思，体现意义的逻辑关联性。
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 命题方式
2024年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 告知信 人与自我：分享在公园上的一节美术课 中文提纲
浙江1月 征文投稿 人与社会：推荐一项课间运动 中文提纲
2023年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 建议信 人与自我：给外教的分组方式提建议 中文提纲
浙江1月 报道 人与自然：“认识我们身边的植物”活动 中文提纲
2022年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 邀请信 人与社会：邀请外教做一次访谈 中文提纲
浙江6月 邀请信 人与社会：邀请一起前往小组学习室 中文提纲
1．增强试题的开放性和灵活性
近三年的应用文写作，体裁形式更加灵活多变，不再拘泥于书信体，各种体裁百花齐放，明显地体现了新课标卷设题的应用性、创新性、基础性和综合性相结合的特点。预测今年的高考仍会沿用此种出题特点，开放性与灵活性并存。
2．五育并举，重视育人性
2024年新课标Ⅰ & Ⅱ卷的应用文写作旨在通过“公园里的美术课”这一主题体现美育的核心理念，将对美育的考查推向了新的高度。今年高考英语新课标卷小作文命题除了体现出任务性、情境性、精准性、开放性的特点之外，还体现命题一贯的“育人性”特点，即把育人和对学生英语运用能力的考查有机融为一体，真正体现了命题“落实立德树人根本任务，加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的教育引导”的要求和方向。同时命题在考查内容和考查要求上与《新课程标准》高度一致，尤其突出了学科关键能力考查，对日常高中英语写作教学有着良好的反拨作用和引导作用。预测今年高考命题仍会突出其“育人性”这一特点。
3．反押题、反模板化的设计
近年来的高考真题越来越有“反应用文套路”的趋势。拿2023年新课标Ⅰ & Ⅱ卷来说，应用文写作好像在考建议信，但是第二段要先提问题再提建议，根本没有给学生留出用各种令人眼花缭乱的句式提三个建议的篇幅；2024年浙江1月卷要求推荐一项可以在课间做的运动，大部分学生看到题目会一脸懵，努力搜寻知识库却发现老师没有讲到过类似内容，学生的思维在考场上一时也打不开。预测今年此种反押题、反模板化作文试题将会继续在高考中呈现。
增分技法指导
1．评分时，先根据内容和语言确定所属档次，然后根据要求调整最后给分。
2．评分时，应注意的重要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。若遗漏其中一个要点，最高打10分。
3．单词拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
4．如书写较差以致影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次；抄袭或部分抄袭前面阅读理解该题判0分。
5．词数少于60，酌情扣分；字数多，不扣分。
档次 特征描述
第五档 优秀 13－15分 很好地完成了试题规定的任务 —覆盖所有要点，内容充实； —表达流畅，语法结构多样，词汇丰富，显示出很强的语言运用能力； —有个别语言小错误，但不影响意思的表达； —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑； —卷面整洁，书写工整。
第四档 良好 10－12分 完成了试题规定的任务 —覆盖所有要点，内容较为充实； —表达基本流畅，语法结构较为多样，词汇较为丰富； —少量语言错误，基本不影响意思的表达； —应用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构较为紧凑。
第三档 及格 7－9分 基本完成了试题规定的任务 —漏掉一些内容，但覆盖大部分要点； —应用的语法结构和词汇基本能满足任务要求，表达较为准确，语言错误较多，半数句子基本正确； —应用了简单的语句间连接成分，衔接较为流畅。
第二档　差 4－6分 未适当完成试题规定的任务 —漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，思路混乱，呈现了一些无关内容； —语法结构单调、词汇项目有限； —有一些语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，影响了意思的表达； —较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
第一档 极差 1－3分 未完成试题规定的任务 —明显遗漏主要内容，呈现了一些无关内容，或产出相关的只言片语； —表达不准确，有很多语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，严重影响了意思的表达； —缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；呈现的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
在应用文写作中，有时会出现题干中已经给出的充分信息在后面罗列的要点中不再重复提及的情况，考生写作时不要遗漏题干中的要点，以防导致要点不全。
典例剖析　(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)
假定你是李华，上周五你班在公园上了一节美术课，请给英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享此次经历。内容包括：1.你完成的美术作品；2.你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
Yours，
Li Hua
病文示例
【主体段】I drew a big tree with some red apples on it.The apples looked so shiny and delicious.There were also some little birds around the tree，as if they were going to eat the apples.【介绍完成的美术作品】But actually，I didn’t really like my drawing.I thought the tree was a bit ugly，and the birds didn’t look very vivid.I guess I need to practice more to improve my painting skills.However，I still had a good time in the park.The fresh air and beautiful scenery made me feel very relaxed.【介绍自己的感想】
这篇作文没有完整描述出在公园上美术课的情景以及作品的具体内容。原文仅简单提及画了有红苹果的树和小鸟，对于作品的描述不够细致，比如树的形态、颜色以及小鸟的动作等都可以进一步展开描写。感想部分也比较简略，只是提到了对自己绘画技能的反思和在公园的感受，没有更深入地探讨这堂美术课带来的其他方面的收获或启发，例如对自然美的观察和感悟等。整体上属于审题不全的范畴。　　　
升格改写
【主体段】We were asked to draw something that impressed us in the park.I chose to draw a small pavilion by the lake.The pavilion was surrounded by green trees and colorful flowers，with the clear blue sky as the background.I depicted the detailed structure of the pavilion，the ripples on the lake，and the shadows of the trees，which seemed like a peaceful and beautiful picture.【介绍完成的美术作品】
This art class in the park was really a special experience，which made me realize that beauty can be found everywhere in nature.And by drawing，I could capture those wonderful moments and express my feelings about them.I also felt more connected to the environment.I truly wish you could have been there to enjoy the class with me！【介绍自己的感想】
笼统词具有较强的概括性，考生相对熟悉，但具体词能形象地描述事物或反映细腻的感彩变化，使表达更出彩。
1．It’s a good way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind.(2024·浙江1月)
→It’s a quick and easy way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind.
2．This kind of exercise promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is important for overall well-being.(2024·浙江1月)
→This kind of exercise promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is essential for overall well-being.
3．As a history lover，many great historic figures are engraved in my mind.(2023·全国甲)
→As a history lover，many influential historic figures are engraved in my mind.
4．In conclusion，we should find a way to study online better.(2021·全国乙)
→In conclusion，we should find a way to study online more efficiently.
5．I am very sorry to know that you didn’t make it to the final of the competition.
→I am awfully sorry to know that you didn’t make it to the final of the competition.常见的笼统词及与其对应的具体词总结：
笼统词 具体词
good amazing/breathtaking惊人的；awesome 令人惊叹的；brilliant 绝妙的；fantastic 极好的；impressive 给人深刻印象的；remarkable/extraordinary 非凡的；splendid 壮丽的
important crucial/vital/essential至关重要的；fundamental根本的；primary 首要的；significant有重大意义的
difficult complicated/complex复杂的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling 令人迷惑不解的
very absolutely/extremely极其；awfully/badly/especially/highly/terribly 非常
have enjoy享有；hold怀有(信念、意见)；possess/own 拥有；be in possession of 拥有
give award授予；contribute/donate 捐赠；offer主动提供；provide提供；supply 供给
see/look examine (仔细地)检查；glance 瞥一眼；notice 注意到；observe 观察；stare凝视；spot发现；browse浏览；witness 目击；catch sight of 看见；check out 察看；look around 环顾；look through 浏览
like/love/enjoy admire欣赏；appreciate 赏识；cherish 珍爱；prefer 更喜欢；treasure 珍视，珍爱；be crazy/mad about 对……着迷；be enthusiastic about 热衷于……；be passionate about 酷爱……；have a taste for/in 对……感兴趣；show (a) great interest in对……表现出极大的兴趣
恰当地选用一些贴切、地道的高级表达，尤其是短语，对提高书面表达的得分档次至关重要。所以考生不妨考虑在文章中使用较高级的表达，充分展现自己的语言功底。
1．I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into account/consideration.
2．Initially，on watching the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing，I began to love skating.(2023·全国乙)
→Initially，on watching the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing，I became enthusiastic about skating.
3．And eventually，we can master what we desire to learn.(2021·全国乙)
→And eventually，we can have a good command of what we desire to learn.
4．Firstly，randomly pairing up students may cause imbalanced language abilities within the groups.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→Firstly，randomly pairing up students may lead to/result in imbalanced language abilities within the groups.普通表达与其对应升级表达总结：
类型1　学校生活
普通表达 升级表达
能够做某事 can do sth be capable of doing sth，be able/competent/qualified to do sth
努力做某事 try to do sth spare no effort to do sth，strive/struggle to do sth，go to great lengths to do sth
试图做某事 try doing sth attempt/seek to do sth，make an attempt to do sth
参加 join (in)，take part in participate in，get involved in，attend，engage in
想做某事 want to do sth can’t wait to do sth，desire/long to do sth，be eager/anxious to do sth
专注于 focus on concentrate on，be absorbed in，be immersed in
帮助某人 help sb do sb a favor，lend/give sb a hand，come to sb’s assistance
忙于 be busy with be occupied with，be engaged in
即将来临 be coming be around the corner，be approaching，be drawing near
利用，使用 use make (full) use of，take advantage of，make the best of，adopt
类型2　动作行为
普通表达 升级表达
记住 remember keep/bear in mind that...，be engraved in one’s mind/heart/memory
面对，面临 face be faced with，meet with，encounter
意识到 know，realize recognize，be aware of/that，be conscious of/that，come to realize
重视 value place a great value on，take sth seriously，make much of，be much concerned about，attach great importance/significance to，give priority to
建议 suggest/advise that... put forward the suggestion that...，recommend that...
吸引某人 attract sb appeal to sb，hold great appeal for sb，draw sb
相信 believe that...， be sure that... hold the firm belief/view that...，be convinced that...
影响 affect have an effect/influence/impact on，play a role in，make a difference (to)，carry weight with
造成，导致 cause contribute to，lead to，result in，bring about
照顾 look after，take care of tend to，attend to
类型3　修饰形容
普通表达 升级表达
不同种类的 different kinds of a wide range of，a variety of，various，varieties of，all sorts of
大量的，很多的 a large number of，a lot of a considerable number of，an overwhelming majority of，large quantities of，scores of，dozens of，countless，numerous
对……有益 be useful to/for，be good for be of great benefit to，do good to，be beneficial/favorable to
由……组成 be made up of consist of，be composed/comprised of
疲惫不堪 be tired be worn out，feel exhausted
立即 immediately instantly，promptly，at once，right away，without hesitation/delay
擅长 be good at be skilled at/in，have a gift for，have a good command of，be expert at/in，excel in/at
准时 on time on schedule，punctually
类型4　陈述事实
普通表达 升级表达
大家公认 people think that... it’s generally acknowledged/accepted/believed that...
谈及 talk of/about，mention refer to，speak of，make reference to
显然 clearly apparently，obviously
应该 should be supposed to，ought to do sth，It is high time that sb did sth
关于 about with regard to，in terms of，as for，in/with reference to，regarding，concerning，when it comes to
有时 sometimes occasionally，once in a while，from time to time
不得不做 have to do have no choice/alternative but to do
仅仅 only，just no more than，merely，simply
只要 as long as on condition that
引起人们关注 attract people’s attention arouse/draw people’s concern
越来越多的 more and more an increasing number of，a growing number of
我担心…… I’m worried that... What makes me worried is that...，It worries me that...
很重要 be very important be of great/vital importance/significance
应采取有效措施解决这个问题 should take effective measures to solve the problem effective measures ought to be taken to deal/cope with the problem
受欢迎 be popular among/with enjoy/win/gain wide popularity among/with
忽视 ignore fail to take...into account/consideration，turn a blind eye to
因为 because (of) on account of，in that，since，seeing that，as，on the grounds that...，owing to，due to
与……有关的 be related to be associated/concerned/connected with，be something to do with
句式1　巧用副词和形容词，生动形象
在写作中，考生可将副词置于句首，增强文章的连贯性或表示强调，彰显句子的感彩，也可以将形容词置于句首或句末，增强情绪感染力，使句子更生动形象。
1．Greatly inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond，surrounded by blooming flowers.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
奇妙的景色给了我很大的灵感，我决定画一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。
2．Accordingly/Consequently，it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that these developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network.(2024·全国甲)
因此，不难得出这样的结论：这些发展说明了中国正在建设一个现代且高效的交通网络。
3．Interested in your program of the educational travel posted on the Internet，I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding/about it.
我对你在互联网上发布的教育旅行计划感兴趣，于是写信看你是否有可能向我提供有关的信息。
4．Exhausted as we were，we were more than pleased with this meaningful experience.
尽管我们筋疲力尽，但我们对这次有意义的经历感到非常满意。
句式2　活用三大从句，丰富结构
三大从句的灵活运用能够彰显考生对英语语法的驾驭能力。在使用这些句式时，一定要注意“高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩”的原则。巧用三大从句会让你的写作成功吸引阅卷老师的目光。
1．运用定语从句，让表述更丰满
(1)These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(2024·全国甲)
这些发展说明了中国正在建设一个现代且高效的交通网络，以平衡便利和环境责任。
(2)Obviously，as is revealed from the data，students show great interest in entertaining English activities beyond the classroom，which not only enable them to enhance English learning effectively，but also relieve themselves of the study burden.(2022·全国乙卷)
显然，从数据中可以看出，学生对课堂之外的趣味性英语活动表现出极大的兴趣，这不仅使他们有效地改善英语学习，也减轻了他们自己的学习负担。
(3)I bet with our joint efforts，garbage classification will be thoroughly conducted，which will surely lead us to an eco-friendly way of life!
我相信在我们的共同努力下，垃圾分类将得到彻底的实施，这必将引导我们采用环保的生活方式！
(4)The final English speech contest is to be held on June 2 from 9 a．m.to 12 a．m.at the school hall，whose topic is around “low-carbon life”．
英语演讲比赛决赛将于6月2日上午9点至12点在学校礼堂举行，主题为“低碳生活”。
2．运用名词性从句，让表述更具体
(1)This art class was so distinctive that after it I have always been impressed with what I learned during the class.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
这节美术课非常有特色，课后我一直对自己在课堂上学到的东西印象深刻。
(2)I hope that by sharing my personal story，others will be inspired to find joy and growth in their own childhood hobbies and pursuits.(2023·上海6月)
我希望通过分享我自己的故事，其他人能受到鼓舞，从而在他们自己孩提时代的兴趣和追求中找到快乐并获得成长。
3．运用状语从句，让逻辑更清晰
(1)Next time you feel a bit sleepy and tired between classes，remember to stand up and stretch! (2024·浙江1月)
下次当你在课间感觉有点困倦的时候，记得站起来伸展身体！
(2)No matter how tough/However tough the task is，we will overcome all the difficulties and succeed.
不管这项任务有多么艰巨，我们都会克服所有的困难并取得成功。
句式3　巧用非谓语，精简表达
1．运用非谓语动词(短语)整合简单句，提升表达
考生可以利用非谓语动词(短语)对两个或两个以上的简单句进行整合，使句子更加简洁、凝练，表达更高级。
It’s widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures.They range from calligraphy to local operas.(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
→It’s widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures ranging from calligraphy to local operas.
众所周知，中国拥有丰富而独特的文化，从书法到地方戏剧等等。
2．运用非谓语动词(短语)简化复合句，精炼语言
在表达复杂含义的时候，常常用到复合句，句子有时较长，考生可以利用非谓语动词(短语)对复合句进行简化，使语言更精练。
Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，which gives the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(2024·全国甲)
→Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
中国的交通运输业发生了翻天覆地的变化，让中国人民能够享受到不同的旅行方式。
句式4　套用提分句式，升级表达
在写作时可以套用一些经典的提分句式，以丰富你的表达，从而获得阅卷老师的青睐。
1．运用强调句，突出重点
运用强调句可以加强语气，突出所表达的情感态度或者突出某些关键信息。
A small change can make a big difference in your day.(2024·浙江1月)
→It’s a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
一个小的改变可以给你的一天带来巨大的影响。
2．运用倒装句，以示强调
倒装句可以用来强调某一句子成分。
In a word，it was not only an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→In a word，not only was it an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature.
总之，这不仅是一堂艺术课，也给我们提供了与自然接触的机会。
3．运用虚拟语气，表达态度
虚拟语气可以用来传递强烈的情感，表达说话人的心理和真实感受。
Your selfless assistance made me achieve such great progress in English.
→Had it not been for your selfless assistance，I couldn’t have achieved such great progress in English.
4．运用省略形式，避免累赘
省略形式可以避免重复，使句子简洁紧凑、信息突出。
Although we were hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted.
→Although hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted.
尽管又热又累，但看着小区整洁又干净，我们都非常高兴。
5．运用感叹句，传递情感
感叹句可将说话人的情感更加强烈地表达出来，使描述更生动。
I was delighted to be one of the members in your team.
→How delighted I was to be one of the members in your team!
成为你的团队的一员，我真高兴！
考生可以根据意思和作用来选取合适的衔接词，以使文章过渡自然、逻辑合理、行文连贯。
1．To begin with，it helps to combat the negative effects of prolonged sitting，such as back pain and stiffness.(2024·浙江1月)
首先，它有助于减轻久坐带来的负面影响，比如背部疼痛和僵硬。
2．As a matter of fact，the introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel time，making intercity travel faster and more comfortable.(2024·全国甲)
事实上，高速列车的引入极大地缩短了旅行时间，使城际旅行更快、更舒适。
3．In short，China’s transport system is eagerly embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.(2024·全国甲)
简而言之，中国的交通系统正在热切地接纳创新和生态友好。
常用的衔接词总结：
段落起始 generally speaking，to begin/start with，first of all，in the first place，as we know，as is known to all，as is shown in...等
结尾总结 to sum up，in conclusion，in a word，in summary，all in all等
表示顺序 firstly，secondly，thirdly，(soon) afterwards，meanwhile，finally，at first，in the beginning，subsequently，at last，in the end，eventually等
表示空间 on one side...on the other side，on the opposite side，in front of，in the center of，in the distance，in the middle of，at the back of，on/to the left/right，close to，next to，nearby，beyond等
解释说明 in fact，as a matter of fact，in other words，namely，to put it differently等
表示因果 considering that，owing to，due to，because(of)，therefore，as a result，consequently，thereby，thus，so等
表示强调 definitely，absolutely，certainly，indeed，above all，surely，to tell (you) the truth等
表示递进或补充 in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，what’s more，besides，to make matters worse，worse still，more/most importantly，last but not least，additionally等
举例或列举 for example，for instance，such as，...be as follows等
表示让步或转折 even if/though，but，however，although，though，yet等
表示比较或对比 like，unlike，in the same way，similarly，in contrast，whereas，instead，instead of，while等
表示观点 personally (speaking)，from my perspective/point of view，in my opinion/view，I’m fully convinced that...，as I see it，as far as I’m concerned等(共61张PPT)
应用文写作
专题五
应用文写作是考查学生语言综合运用能力最直接和最有效的形式。它不仅考查学生词汇和语法的运用能力，也考查学生的总体分析能力、观察能力、逻辑思维能力、篇章结构的组织能力和表达能力等。其话题覆盖范围广，涵盖了学校生活、社会生活、旅游、文化习俗、课外活动等方面，这些话题与学生生活密切相关，既符合学生的认知水平，也贴合学生的实际，让学生有内容可写。新课程标准中要求学生能在应用文写作中有条理地描述自己或他人的经历，阐述观点，表达情感态度；能描述事件发生、发展的过程；能描述人或事物的特征，说明概念；能在表达过程中有目的地选择词汇和语法结构，确切表达意思，体现意义的逻辑关联性。
考情表解
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 命题方式
2024年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 告知信 人与自我：分享在公园上的一节美术课 中文提纲
浙江1月 征文投稿 人与社会：推荐一项课间运动 中文提纲
2023年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 建议信 人与自我：给外教的分组方式提建议 中文提纲
浙江1月 报道 人与自然：“认识我们身边的植物”活动 中文提纲
2022年 新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ 邀请信 人与社会：邀请外教做一次访谈 中文提纲
浙江6月 邀请信 人与社会：邀请一起前往小组学习室 中文提纲
1.增强试题的开放性和灵活性
近三年的应用文写作，体裁形式更加灵活多变，不再拘泥于书信体，各种体裁百花齐放，明显地体现了新课标卷设题的应用性、创新性、基础性和综合性相结合的特点。预测今年的高考仍会沿用此种出题特点，开放性与灵活性并存。
考向预测
2.五育并举，重视育人性
2024年新课标Ⅰ & Ⅱ卷的应用文写作旨在通过“公园里的美术课”这一主题体现美育的核心理念，将对美育的考查推向了新的高度。今年高考英语新课标卷小作文命题除了体现出任务性、情境性、精准性、开放性的特点之外，还体现命题一贯的“育人性”特点，即把育人和对学生英语运用能力的考查有机融为一体，真正体现了命题“落实立德树人根本任务，加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的教育引导”的要求和方向。同时命题在考查内容和考查要求上与《新课程标准》高度一致，尤其突出了学科关键能力考查，对日常高中英语写作教学有着良好的反拨作用和引导作用。预测今年高考命题仍会突出其“育人性”这一特点。
3.反押题、反模板化的设计
近年来的高考真题越来越有“反应用文套路”的趋势。拿2023年新课标Ⅰ & Ⅱ卷来说，应用文写作好像在考建议信，但是第二段要先提问题再提建议，根本没有给学生留出用各种令人眼花缭乱的句式提三个建议的篇幅；2024年浙江1月卷要求推荐一项可以在课间做的运动，大部分学生看到题目会一脸懵，努力搜寻知识库却发现老师没有讲到过类似内容，学生的思维在考场上一时也打不开。预测今年此种反押题、反模板化作文试题将会继续在高考中呈现。
增分技法指导
1.评分时，先根据内容和语言确定所属档次，然后根据要求调整最后给分。
2.评分时，应注意的重要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。若遗漏其中一个要点，最高打10分。
3.单词拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
4.如书写较差以致影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次；抄袭或部分抄袭前面阅读理解该题判0分。
5.词数少于60，酌情扣分；字数多，不扣分。
评分原则
评分档次
档次 特征描述
第五档 优秀 13－15分 很好地完成了试题规定的任务
—覆盖所有要点，内容充实；
—表达流畅，语法结构多样，词汇丰富，显示出很强的语言运用能力；
—有个别语言小错误，但不影响意思的表达；
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；
—卷面整洁，书写工整。
档次 特征描述
第四档 良好 10－12分 完成了试题规定的任务
—覆盖所有要点，内容较为充实；
—表达基本流畅，语法结构较为多样，词汇较为丰富；
—少量语言错误，基本不影响意思的表达；
—应用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构较为紧凑。
第三档 及格 7－9分 基本完成了试题规定的任务
—漏掉一些内容，但覆盖大部分要点；
—应用的语法结构和词汇基本能满足任务要求，表达较为准确，语言错误较多，半数句子基本正确；
—应用了简单的语句间连接成分，衔接较为流畅。
档次 特征描述
第二档　差 4－6分 未适当完成试题规定的任务
—漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，思路混乱，呈现了一些无关内容；
—语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，影响了意思的
表达；
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
档次 特征描述
第一档 极差 1－3分 未完成试题规定的任务
—明显遗漏主要内容，呈现了一些无关内容，或产出相关的只言片语；
—表达不准确，有很多语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，严重影响了意思的表达；
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；呈现的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
在应用文写作中，有时会出现题干中已经给出的充分信息在后面罗列的要点中不再重复提及的情况，考生写作时不要遗漏题干中的要点，以防导致要点不全。
技法(一)
重视题干暗含信息,避免遗漏要点
(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)
假定你是李华，上周五你班在公园上了一节美术课，请给英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享此次经历。内容包括：1.你完成的美术作品；2.你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
典例剖析
【主体段】I drew a big tree with some red apples on it.The apples looked so shiny and delicious.There were also some little birds around the tree，as if they were going to eat the apples.【介绍完成的美术作品】But actually，I didn’t really like my drawing.I thought the tree was a bit ugly，and the birds didn’t look very vivid.I guess I need to practice more to improve my painting skills.However，I still had a good time in the park.The fresh air and beautiful scenery made me feel very relaxed.【介绍自己的感想】
病文示例
这篇作文没有完整描述出在公园上美术课的情景以及作品的具体内容。原文仅简单提及画了有红苹果的树和小鸟，对于作品的描述不够细致，比如树的形态、颜色以及小鸟的动作等都可以进一步展开描写。感想部分也比较简略，只是提到了对自己绘画技能的反思和在公园的感受，没有更深入地探讨这堂美术课带来的其他方面的收获或启发，例如对自然美的观察和感悟等。整体上属于审题不全的范畴。　　　
失分剖析
【主体段】We were asked to draw something that impressed us in the park.I chose to draw a small pavilion by the lake.The pavilion was surrounded by green trees and colorful flowers，with the clear blue sky as the background.I depicted the detailed structure of the pavilion，the ripples on the lake，and the shadows of the trees，which seemed like a peaceful and beautiful picture.【介绍完成的美术作品】
升格改写
This art class in the park was really a special experience，which made me realize that beauty can be found everywhere in nature.And by drawing，I could capture those wonderful moments and express my feelings about them.I also felt more connected to the environment.I truly wish you could have been there to enjoy the class with me！【介绍自己的感想】
笼统词具有较强的概括性，考生相对熟悉，但具体词能形象地描述事物或反映细腻的感彩变化，使表达更出彩。
技法(二)
使用具体词汇细化描写，摒弃笼统表达
1.It’s a good way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind.(2024·浙江1月)
→It’s a quick and easy way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind.
2.This kind of exercise promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is important for overall well-being.(2024·浙江1月)
→This kind of exercise promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is essential for overall well-being.
3.As a history lover，many great historic figures are engraved in my mind.(2023·全国甲)
→As a history lover，many influential historic figures are engraved in my mind.
4.In conclusion，we should find a way to study online better.(2021·全国乙)
→In conclusion，we should find a way to study online more efficiently.
5.I am very sorry to know that you didn’t make it to the final of the competition.
→I am awfully sorry to know that you didn’t make it to the final of the competition.常见的笼统词及与其对应的具体词总结：
笼统词 具体词
good amazing/breathtaking惊人的；awesome 令人惊叹的；brilliant 绝妙的；fantastic 极好的；impressive 给人深刻印象的；remarkable/extraordinary 非凡的；splendid 壮丽的
important crucial/vital/essential至关重要的；fundamental根本的；primary 首要的；significant有重大意义的
笼统词 具体词
difficult complicated/complex复杂的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling 令人迷惑不解的
very absolutely/extremely极其；awfully/badly/especially/highly/terribly 非常
have enjoy享有；hold怀有(信念、意见)；possess/own 拥有；be in possession of 拥有
give award授予；contribute/donate 捐赠；offer主动提供；provide提供；supply 供给
笼统词 具体词
see/look examine (仔细地)检查；glance 瞥一眼；notice 注意到；observe 观察；stare凝视；spot发现；browse浏览；witness 目击；catch sight of 看见；check out 察看；look around 环顾；look through 浏览
like/love/enjoy admire欣赏；appreciate 赏识；cherish 珍爱；prefer 更喜欢；treasure 珍视，珍爱；be crazy/mad about 对……着迷；be enthusiastic about 热衷于……；be passionate about 酷爱……；have a taste for/in 对……感兴趣；show (a) great interest in对……表现出极大的兴趣
恰当地选用一些贴切、地道的高级表达，尤其是短语，对提高书面表达的得分档次至关重要。所以考生不妨考虑在文章中使用较高级的表达，充分展现自己的语言功底。
技法(三)
短语优先，升级表达
1.I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into account/consideration.
2.Initially，on watching the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing，I began to love skating.(2023·全国乙)
→Initially，on watching the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing，I became enthusiastic about skating.
3.And eventually，we can master what we desire to learn.(2021·全国乙)
→And eventually，we can have a good command of what we desire to learn.
4.Firstly，randomly pairing up students may cause imbalanced language abilities within the groups.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→Firstly，randomly pairing up students may lead to/result in imbalanced language abilities within the groups.普通表达与其对应升级表达总结：
类型1　学校生活
普通表达 升级表达
能够做某事 can do sth be capable of doing sth，be able/ competent/qualified to do sth
努力做某事 try to do sth spare no effort to do sth，strive/struggle to do sth，go to great lengths to do sth
试图做某事 try doing sth attempt/seek to do sth，make an attempt to do sth
参加 join (in)，take part in participate in，get involved in，attend，engage in
普通表达 升级表达
想做某事 want to do sth can’t wait to do sth，desire/long to do sth，be eager/anxious to do sth
专注于 focus on concentrate on，be absorbed in，be immersed in
帮助某人 help sb do sb a favor，lend/give sb a hand，come to sb’s assistance
忙于 be busy with be occupied with，be engaged in
普通表达 升级表达
即将来临 be coming be around the corner，be approaching，be drawing near
利用，使用 use make (full) use of，take advantage of，make the best of，adopt
类型2　动作行为
普通表达 升级表达
记住 remember keep/bear in mind that...，be engraved in one’s mind/heart/memory
面对，面临 face be faced with，meet with，encounter
意识到 know，realize recognize，be aware of/that，be conscious of/that，come to realize
重视 value place a great value on，take sth seriously，make much of，be much concerned about，attach great importance/significance to，give priority to
普通表达 升级表达
建议 suggest/advise that... put forward the suggestion that...，recommend that...
吸引某人 attract sb appeal to sb，hold great appeal for sb，draw sb
相信 believe that...， be sure that... hold the firm belief/view that...，be convinced that...
普通表达 升级表达
影响 affect have an effect/influence/impact on，play a role in，make a difference (to)，carry weight with
造成，导致 cause contribute to，lead to，result in，bring about
照顾 look after，take care of tend to，attend to
类型3　修饰形容
普通表达 升级表达
不同种类的 different kinds of a wide range of，a variety of，various，varieties of，all sorts of
大量的，很多的 a large number of，a lot of a considerable number of，an overwhelming majority of，large quantities of，scores of，dozens of，countless，numerous
对……有益 be useful to/for，be good for be of great benefit to，do good to，be beneficial/favorable to
普通表达 升级表达
由……组成 be made up of consist of，be composed/comprised of
疲惫不堪 be tired be worn out，feel exhausted
立即 immediately instantly，promptly，at once，right away，without hesitation/delay
擅长 be good at be skilled at/in，have a gift for，have a good command of，be expert at/in，excel in/at
准时 on time on schedule，punctually
类型4　陈述事实
普通表达 升级表达
大家公认 people think that... it’s generally acknowledged/accepted/
believed that...
谈及 talk of/about，mention refer to，speak of，make reference to
显然 clearly apparently，obviously
应该 should be supposed to，ought to do sth，It is high time that sb did sth
普通表达 升级表达
关于 about with regard to，in terms of，as for，in/with reference to，regarding，concerning，when it comes to
有时 sometimes occasionally，once in a while，from time to time
不得不做 have to do have no choice/alternative but to do
仅仅 only，just no more than，merely，simply
只要 as long as on condition that
普通表达 升级表达
引起人们关注 attract people’s attention arouse/draw people’s concern
越来越多的 more and more an increasing number of，a growing number of
我担心…… I’m worried that... What makes me worried is that...，It worries me that...
很重要 be very important be of great/vital importance/significance
普通表达 升级表达
应采取有效措施解决这个问题 should take effective measures to solve the problem effective measures ought to be taken to deal/cope with the problem
受欢迎 be popular among/with enjoy/win/gain wide popularity among/with
忽视 ignore fail to take...into account/consideration，turn a blind eye to
普通表达 升级表达
因为 because (of) on account of，in that，since，seeing that，as，on the grounds that...，owing to，due to
与……有关的 be related to be associated/concerned/connected with，be something to do with
句式1　巧用副词和形容词，生动形象
在写作中，考生可将副词置于句首，增强文章的连贯性或表示强调，彰显句子的感彩，也可以将形容词置于句首或句末，增强情绪感染力，使句子更生动形象。
技法(四)
句式多变，彰显文采
1.Greatly inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond，surrounded by blooming flowers.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
奇妙的景色给了我很大的灵感，我决定画一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。
2.Accordingly/Consequently，it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that these developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network.(2024·全国甲)
因此，不难得出这样的结论：这些发展说明了中国正在建设一个现代且高效的交通网络。
3.Interested in your program of the educational travel posted on the Internet，I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding/about it.
我对你在互联网上发布的教育旅行计划感兴趣，于是写信看你是否有可能向我提供有关的信息。
4.Exhausted as we were，we were more than pleased with this meaningful experience.
尽管我们筋疲力尽，但我们对这次有意义的经历感到非常满意。
句式2　活用三大从句，丰富结构
三大从句的灵活运用能够彰显考生对英语语法的驾驭能力。在使用这些句式时，一定要注意“高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩”的原则。巧用三大从句会让你的写作成功吸引阅卷老师的目光。
1.运用定语从句，让表述更丰满
(1)These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(2024·全国甲)
这些发展说明了中国正在建设一个现代且高效的交通网络，以平衡便利和环境责任。
(2)Obviously，as is revealed from the data，students show great interest in entertaining English activities beyond the classroom，which not only enable them to enhance English learning effectively，but also relieve themselves of the study burden.(2022·全国乙卷)
显然，从数据中可以看出，学生对课堂之外的趣味性英语活动表现出极大的兴趣，这不仅使他们有效地改善英语学习，也减轻了他们自己的学习负担。
(3)I bet with our joint efforts，garbage classification will be thoroughly conducted，which will surely lead us to an eco-friendly way of life!
我相信在我们的共同努力下，垃圾分类将得到彻底的实施，这必将引导我们采用环保的生活方式！
(4)The final English speech contest is to be held on June 2 from 9 a.m.to 12 a.m.at the school hall，whose topic is around “low-carbon life”.
英语演讲比赛决赛将于6月2日上午9点至12点在学校礼堂举行，主题为“低碳生活”。
2.运用名词性从句，让表述更具体
(1)This art class was so distinctive that after it I have always been impressed with what I learned during the class.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
这节美术课非常有特色，课后我一直对自己在课堂上学到的东西印象深刻。
(2)I hope that by sharing my personal story，others will be inspired to find joy and growth in their own childhood hobbies and pursuits.(2023·上海6月)
我希望通过分享我自己的故事，其他人能受到鼓舞，从而在他们自己孩提时代的兴趣和追求中找到快乐并获得成长。
3.运用状语从句，让逻辑更清晰
(1)Next time you feel a bit sleepy and tired between classes，remember to stand up and stretch! (2024·浙江1月)
下次当你在课间感觉有点困倦的时候，记得站起来伸展身体！
(2)No matter how tough/However tough the task is，we will overcome all the difficulties and succeed.
不管这项任务有多么艰巨，我们都会克服所有的困难并取得成功。
句式3　巧用非谓语，精简表达
1.运用非谓语动词(短语)整合简单句，提升表达
考生可以利用非谓语动词(短语)对两个或两个以上的简单句进行整合，使句子更加简洁、凝练，表达更高级。
It’s widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures.They range from calligraphy to local operas.(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
→It’s widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures ranging from calligraphy to local operas.
众所周知，中国拥有丰富而独特的文化，从书法到地方戏剧等等。
2.运用非谓语动词(短语)简化复合句，精炼语言
在表达复杂含义的时候，常常用到复合句，句子有时较长，考生可以利用非谓语动词(短语)对复合句进行简化，使语言更精练。
Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，which gives the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(2024·全国甲)
→Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
中国的交通运输业发生了翻天覆地的变化，让中国人民能够享受到不同的旅行方式。
句式4　套用提分句式，升级表达
在写作时可以套用一些经典的提分句式，以丰富你的表达，从而获得阅卷老师的青睐。
1.运用强调句，突出重点
运用强调句可以加强语气，突出所表达的情感态度或者突出某些关键信息。
A small change can make a big difference in your day.(2024·浙江1月)
→It’s a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
一个小的改变可以给你的一天带来巨大的影响。
2.运用倒装句，以示强调
倒装句可以用来强调某一句子成分。
In a word，it was not only an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)
→In a word，not only was it an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature.
总之，这不仅是一堂艺术课，也给我们提供了与自然接触的机会。
3.运用虚拟语气，表达态度
虚拟语气可以用来传递强烈的情感，表达说话人的心理和真实感受。
Your selfless assistance made me achieve such great progress in English.
→Had it not been for your selfless assistance，I couldn’t have achieved such great progress in English.
4.运用省略形式，避免累赘
省略形式可以避免重复，使句子简洁紧凑、信息突出。
Although we were hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted.
→Although hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted.
尽管又热又累，但看着小区整洁又干净，我们都非常高兴。
5.运用感叹句，传递情感
感叹句可将说话人的情感更加强烈地表达出来，使描述更生动。
I was delighted to be one of the members in your team.
→How delighted I was to be one of the members in your team!
成为你的团队的一员，我真高兴！
考生可以根据意思和作用来选取合适的衔接词，以使文章过渡自然、逻辑合理、行文连贯。
1.To begin with，it helps to combat the negative effects of prolonged sitting，such as back pain and stiffness.(2024·浙江1月)
首先，它有助于减轻久坐带来的负面影响，比如背部疼痛和僵硬。
2.As a matter of fact，the introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel time，making intercity travel faster and more comfortable.(2024·全国甲)
事实上，高速列车的引入极大地缩短了旅行时间，使城际旅行更快、更舒适。
技法(五)
善用过渡，增强逻辑，斐然成文
3.In short，China’s transport system is eagerly embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.(2024·全国甲)
简而言之，中国的交通系统正在热切地接纳创新和生态友好。
常用的衔接词总结：
段落起始 generally speaking，to begin/start with，first of all，in the first place，as we know，as is known to all，as is shown in...等
结尾总结 to sum up，in conclusion，in a word，in summary，all in all等
表示顺序 firstly，secondly，thirdly，(soon) afterwards，meanwhile，finally，at first，in the beginning，subsequently，at last，in the end，eventually等
表示空间 on one side...on the other side，on the opposite side，in front of，in the center of，in the distance，in the middle of，at the back of，on/to the left/right，close to，next to，nearby，beyond等
解释 说明 in fact，as a matter of fact，in other words，namely，to put it differently等
表示 因果 considering that，owing to，due to，because(of)，therefore，as a result，consequently，thereby，thus，so等
表示 强调 definitely，absolutely，certainly，indeed，above all，surely，to tell (you) the truth等
表示递进或 补充 in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，what’s more，besides，to make matters worse，worse still，more/most importantly，last but not least，additionally等
举例或 列举 for example，for instance，such as，...be as follows等
表示让步或转折 even if/though，but，however，although，though，yet等
表示比较或对比 like，unlike，in the same way，similarly，in contrast，whereas，instead，instead of，while等
表示观点 personally (speaking)，from my perspective/point of view，in my opinion/view，I’m fully convinced that...，as I see it，as far as I’m concerned等

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