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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册同步课时作业
一、语法填空
1.Some adults think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder_________ you deal with school, friends and family.
2.Yesterday I _________ (seek) some tips from my instructor (导师).
3.She gave me a book with instructions _________ (help) me learn the language.
4. _________ (abandon) by the host, especially when it is disabled or has developed some diseases, is a tragedy to a pet.
5.He accepted the challenging task _________ (assign) to him without hesitation and promised to complete it on time.
二、完成句子
6.我们应该始终保持精神振奋,因为这能够让我们有勇气面对困难。
We should always _____ _____ _____ _____, for it can give us courage to face difficulties.
7.他是个令人扫兴的人,对我们做的任何事都不热心。(enthusiastic)
He is a wet blanket, who _____ _____ _____ _____ anything we do.
8.令我们惊讶的是,听到这个消息时,他不但没有动摇自己的信念,反而更加坚定T。 (contrary)
_____ _____ _____, he didn't shake his belief on hearing the news; _____ _____ _____, he confirmed it.
9.碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。(happen)
_____ _____ _____ the letter hadn't been posted.
10.由于时间快用完了,救援人员决定破门而入去救那个女孩。(resolve)
With time running out, the rescuers _____ _____ _____ _____ to save the girl.
三、阅读理解
Will the next generation do better than the one that came before To young people in wealthier nations, that dream of upward mobility seems more like a story about the past than modern-day reality, according to a large new survey taken in 21 countries. In poorer countries, though, there is still hope that young people’s lives will be better than those of their parents, and that the world is becoming a better place.
“In a lot of the developing world, there is a bit more optimism that with each generation our living standards are improving,” said Laurence Chandy, director of the office of global insight and policy at UNICEF, which conducted the survey with Gallup. “But there’s a recognition in the West that that’s stopped happening.” In the United States, 56 percent of young people and 64 percent of older people said that children today would be worse off, economically, than their parents.
The survey was of 21,000 people in two age groups—15 to 24, and 40 and up—and included nationally representative samples from all regions of the world. The younger group said that children today were better off in basic ways, like education, health care and physical safety.
And the best part of being a young person today Technology, according to respondents in follow up interviews.
But young people also have significant concerns. In the survey, about nine in ten said they sometimes or often have anxiety. Six in ten said children today have more pressure from adults to succeed than their parents did.
In the six richest countries in the survey, about one-third of young people said they thought today’s children would be economically better off than their parents. They were particularly pessimistic (悲观的) in Japan, France, Britain and Spain.
In low-income countries, though, about two-thirds of young people said they thought today’s children would do better financially than their parents, especially in Africa and South Asia. They were also more likely than those in high-or middle-income countries to say the world was becoming a better place with each generation.
11.How does the author develop the first paragraph
A. By listing figure y giving examples B. By giving examples
C. By following the time order D. By making a comparison
12.What’s the best part of being a young person today
A. Education B. Health care C. Technology D. Physical safety
13.What percentage of young people have anxiety in the survey
A. 90% B. 60% C. 56% D. 64%
14.What’s the best title of the text
A. How to make the world a better place
B. Where are young people most optimistic
C. What are the concerns of young people about economy
D. Will children be much healthier than their parents
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:有些成年人认为你们是"低头的一代",因为你们经常使用手机,他们想知道你们是如何处理学校、朋友和家人的关系的,wonder后接宾语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,但句意不完整,结合句意可知,此处表示方式,用连接词how。故填how。
2.答案：sought
解析：考查动词的时态。句意:昨天我向我的导师寻求一些建议。设空处为句子的谓语,根据时间状语yesterday,可知句子的时态为般过去时,设空处为动词的过去式的形式。故填sought。
3.答案：to help
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:她给了我一本书,里面有帮助我学习这门语言的说明。本句已有谓语动词gave,所以help用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作后置定语。故填to help。
4.答案：Being abandoned
解析：句意为:被主人抛弃,尤其是当它残疾或患有某些疾病时,对宠物来说是一种不幸。分析句子结构可知, especially when it is disabled or has developed some diseases是插入成分,主句为主系表结构,设空处作主语,此处表示一般行为,时间概念不强,应用动名词形式。abandon与其逻辑主语a pet之间为被动关系,应用动名词的被动式。故填Being abandoned。
5.答案：assigned
解析：句意为:他毫不犹豫地接受了分配给他的具有挑战性的任务,并承诺按时完成任务。分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,前面分句中已有谓语accepted,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰the challenging task, task与动词assign之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填assigned。
二、完成句子
6.答案：keep our spirits up
7.答案：is not enthusiastic about
8.答案：To our surprise/astonishment/amazement; on the contrary
9.答案：It happened that
10.答案：resolved; to/on; break/breaking; in
三、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。关于Will the next generation do better than the one that came before (下一代会比前一代做得更好吗 )这个问题。对于较富有的国家和较贫穷的国家来说,他们的回答是不一样的。所以第一自然段采取了两种经济程度不同的国家进行对比的模式组织文章的。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四自然段段意And the best part of being a young person today Technology, according to respondents in follow up interviews.(后续采访中,受访者表示,如今年轻人最美好的部分是科技。),故选C。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五自然段第二句In the survey, about nine in ten said they sometimes or often have anxiety(在调查中,大约十分之九的人说他们有时或经常感到焦虑。),nine in ten也就是选项中对应的90%,故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。整篇文章讲的是经济发达国家和经济欠发达国家,这两种国情下的青年人对未来的期盼是悲观还是乐观。结合选项:A.How to make the world a better place (如何让世界变得更美好 ); B.Where are young people most optimistic (哪里的年轻人最乐观 ); C.What are the concerns of young people about economy (年轻人对经济的担忧是什么 ); D.Will children be much healthier than their parents (孩子们会比他们的父母健康得多吗 )。结合文章的主题和选项,故选B。Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning about language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册同步课时作业
一、语法填空
1.Einstein ________ (flee) to the United States by October, 19.
2.On both sides of the road________ (be) beautiful flowers now.
3.The seating________ (arrange) at the party was carefully planned to avoid any conflicts.
4.The mild temperature and fresh air are _____(thorough) stress-relieving, making spring outings another leisure choice for those who lead busy modern lives.
5.So far, the police investigation _____(draw) a blank.
二、完成句子
6.许多材料在得到适当的能量, 比如在受到加热时, 都会发射出光。(give)
Many materials, if given the proper energy, such as by heating, ______ ______ ______.
7.完整的细节会在你的申请被接受后马上寄给你。(accept)
Full details will be sent to you once your _____ _____ _____.
8.这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。(commitment)
The hospital _____ _____ _____ _____ to provide the best possible medical care.
9.我认为您不能拒绝他的提议。(turn)
I think you are under an obligation not ______ ______ ______ his offer.
10.这两个社团正在学着如何解决彼此之间的分歧。 (resolve)
The two communities are learning ______ ______ ______ their differences.
三、七选五
What is the origin of Family History Month
Every human has a history of some sort or another. Usually, that history goes far back beyond ourselves. Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us. ① _________ . Many people find that there is a certain comfort in knowing where they came from, and that’s why Family History Month was started.
How to celebrate Family History Month
Celebrating the history of the family is obviously something that should happen all year round! Try out some of these ideas to get started:
* Compile (编纂) a family history
It all starts with collecting what people know about their families and compiling it together. ② _________ . They include documents and records, old photographs, and verbal stories from the still- living members of the family.
Those people who are particularly lucky will have had a family member who has started the basics for them. ③ _________ . Today it’s a little easier than it used to be. Websites and organizations are easily found that can help people trace (追溯) their family lines.
* ④ _________
Don’t let another day go by without hearing the stories that living family members have to tell about their childhoods and the family history. Whether you visit them in person or arrange for a phone call or video conversation, older family members can be vitally important to keep the family history alive. Ask them to share some stories. It will not only give information but will be good for the relationship and help them to feel needed and loved. Remember to take very good notes or record what they have to say for later generations.
* Engage with a genealogy (家谱) website
Let someone else do the hard work of finding out all of that family history and background! ⑤ _________ . Try out the genealogy websites and services, such as FamilySearch, Ancestry and My Heritage for ideas of where to get started.
A. Connect with an older family member
B. Focus more on the telling of the elderly
C. If not, it’s probably time to take action
D. This can be done through the use of many materials
E. That has been the formation of tradition and culture within our lives
F. It carried the honors and dishonors of everyone who came before them
G. Getting connected to the past is much more practical with the help of professionals
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：had fled
解析：根据时间状语 “by October, 19...”（到 19…… 年 10 月为止），句子应用过去完成时，其结构为 “had + 过去分词”，“flee” 的过去分词是 “fled”，所以填 “had fled”。
2.答案：are
解析：现在路的两边都是漂亮的花。考查倒装句。为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装。句型为“形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语”。本句主语beautiful flowers(漂亮的花)为复数,now(现在)为一般现在时态,故be动词应用are。
3.答案：arrangement
解析：考查名词,句意:宴会的座位安排经过精心策划以避免任何冲突,设空处使用arrange的名词形式arrangement作主语,表示“安排、布置”,其为不可数名词。故填arrangement。
4.答案： thoroughly
解析：句意为:温和的气温和清新的空气能彻底缓解压力,这使春游成为那些过着繁忙现代生活的人的又一休闲选择。设空处应用副词,修饰stress-relieving,故填 thoroughly。
5.答案： has drawn
解析：句意为:到目前为止警方的调查毫无结果。时间状语So far是典型的现在完成时的标志,主语为the police investigation,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填has drawn。
二、完成句子
6.答案：give; off; light
7.答案：application; is; accepted
8.答案：has; made; a; commitment
9.答案：to; turn; down
10.答案：how; to; resolve
三、七选五
答案：EDCAG
解析：①根据空格前的句子“Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us.(我们的每个祖先都在我们身上留下了印记。)”可知，E项“That has been the formation of tradition and culture within our lives(这就是我们生活中传统和文化的形成)”填入空格处，符合语境，因为E项中的that指的是“我们的每个祖先都在我们身上留下了印记”这件事。故选E。
②根据空格前的句子“It all starts with collecting what people know about their families and compiling it together.(这一切都始于收集人们对他们家庭的了解，并将其汇编在一起。)”可知，空格处的句子应该与收集材料有关，所以，D项“This can be done through the use of many materials(这可以通过使用许多材料来实现)”填入空格处，符合语境。D项中的this代指“收集人们对他们家庭的了解”这件事；下一句中的they代指D项中的materials。故填D。
③根据空格前的句子“Those people who are particularly lucky will have had a family member who has started the basics for them.(那些特别幸运的人会有一个家庭成员为他们开始基本的工作。)”可知，前文说足够幸运的人可能已经有家人开始做一些编家庭历史的基础工作。下文应该接着说如果没有的话，该怎样做，所以C项“If not, it's probably time to take action(如果没有，也许是时候采取行动了)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C。
④空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文内容“Whether you visit them in person or arrange for a phone call or video conversation, older family members can be vitally important to keep the family history alive. Ask them to share some stories. It will not only give information but will be good for the relationship and help them to feel needed and loved. Remember to take very good notes or record what they have to say for later generations. (无论你是亲自拜访他们，还是安排电话或视频交谈，年长的家庭成员对于保持家族历史的活力至关重要。请他们分享一些故事。这不仅能提供信息，而且对关系有好处，让他们感到被需要和被爱。记住要做好笔记或记录他们对后代说的话。)”可知，该段主要是说要和年长的家庭成员联系，请他们分享故事，提供信息。所以，A项“Connect with an older family member(与年长的家庭成员联系)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A。
⑤根据空格前的句子“Let someone else do the hard work of finding out all of that family history and background!(让别人去做找出所有家族历史和背景的艰苦工作吧!)”和空格后的“Try out the genealogy websites and services(试试家谱网站和服务)”可知，G项“Getting connected to the past is much more practical with the help of professionals(在专业人士的帮助下，与过去联系起来更加实际)”填入空格处，符合语境，G项中的“with the help of professionals”和上文的"Let someone else do the hard work"、下文的“Try out the genealogy websites and services”是对应的。故选G。Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Using language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册同步课时作业
一、语法填空
1. ________ (absorb) in reading, he didn’t even notice that it began to rain outside.
2.The traffic problems have ________ (severe) affected economic development.
3.His writing is so confusing that I can’t make out ________ he is trying to express.
4.If you want to be the envy ________ all your friends and classmates, you should work hard.
5.It is known that the tiger is a fierce large animal ________ (belong) to the cat family.
二、完成句子
6.当你经过忙碌的一天感到筋疲力尽的时候,没有什么比得上洗个热水澡。(there is nothing like)
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ when you are worn out after a busy day.
7.要不是老师的关怀,我们就不会健康成长。(if虚拟语气)
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, we would not grow healthily.
8.他们收集了一些柴火,晚上在森林里生火取暖。
They collected some firewood and _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ in the forest at night.
9.你把它打碎了 没关系, 我们可以再买一个。(mind)
Have you broken it _____ _____. We can buy another one.
10.年轻人应该在有时间的时候陪伴他们的父母。(suppose)
Young people _____ _____ _____ _____ their parents when they have time.
三、阅读理解
Most of us are aware of "Is the glass half full or half empty " test. If you pick the former, you're an "optimist"; otherwise, you're a "pessimist". It's not a black-or-white test, but it can measure how one sees life.
According to psychologist Lissy Ann Puno, most of us grow up wanting to be an optimist—a person who can see the good in any situation and can stay hopeful when facing challenges. For some people, though, life happens and they start to see the glass half-empty instead. Pessimists tend to see the wrong in every situation, and blame external factors and circumstances when things aren't going their way.
Being continuously fed with bad news and disappointments can turn optimistic children into adults that are critical of almost everything. For some, the shift becomes easier, being raised by pessimistic parents. Others still remain optimistic, thanks to a positive household growing up.
"This is why developing optimism in young children is significant for their development as adults," said Lissy Ann. If adopted at an early age, this powerful personality quality can help children grow into strong adults capable of handling life's circumstances with confidence, courage, and hope. What parent wouldn't want that for their children
"Children are seen as natural optimists," Lissy Ann said. They come into this world with unbiased (无偏见的) eyes and a pure heart that hasn't been influenced by social expectations, life experiences, severe mental shock, or authority figures yet. Whether a child grows up to be optimistic or not is part genetic and part environmental. "Childhood experiences, parent-child connection, or authority figures will all have some influence," she said. Although optimism (or the lack of it) could be passed down genetically, it can also be taught.
11.What attitude do the people of “the half-empty glass” hold
A. Focusing more on the negative aspect.
B. Holding on to hope in every challenge.
C. Considering different reasons for situations.
D. Measuring life based on social expectations.
12.What is mainly discussed about the shift into pessimists in Paragraph 3
A. Possible causes. B. Proper treatments.
C. Obvious signs. D. Common misunderstandings.
13.Why is it important for children to be optimistic
A. It guarantees them a trouble-free life.
B. It enables them to be incomparable in careers.
C. It makes them mentally strong in adulthood.
D. It helps them meet their parents' expectations.
14.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Children master interpersonal skills naturally.
B. Genetic factors decide how children see life.
C. Optimism strengthens parent-child connection.
D. Proper guidance helps raise optimistic children.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：Absorbed
解析：此处考查非谓语动词作状语。be absorbed in 意为 “专心于”，这里省略了主语 he 和 be 动词，完整形式应该是 He was absorbed in reading，所以用Absorbed。
2.答案：severely
解析：这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 affected，severe 的副词形式是 severely，意为 “严重地”，表示交通问题对经济发展产生了严重影响。
3.答案：what
解析：这里考查宾语从句的引导词。从句 “he is trying to express” 缺少宾语，表达的是 “他试图表达的（内容）”，所以用what来引导宾语从句，作make out的宾语。
4.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意:如果你想成为你所有的朋友和同学羡慕的对象,你就应该努力学习。be the envy of...表示“成为……羡慕的对象”。故填of。
5.答案：belonging
解析：考查现在分词。句意:众所周知,老虎是猫科动物中的一种凶猛的大型动物。分析句子可知,从句中已有谓语动词,所以此处要用非谓语动词。belong to没有被动语态,所以用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填belonging。
二、完成句子
6.答案：There is nothing like a hot bath
7.答案：If it weren't for the teacher's care
8.答案：made fire to keep warm
9.答案：Never; mind
10.答案：are; supposed; to; accompany
三、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most of us are aware of “Is the glass half full or half empty ” lest. If you pick the former, you're an “optimist”; otherwise, you're a “ pessimist”.和第二段中的 Pessimists tend to see the wrong in every situation可知,选择“the half-empty glass”的人是悲观主义者,所以他们更多地关注消极方面。故选A。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,持续获取负面的消息会让孩子由乐观转向悲观,对一些孩子来说,这种转变发生的原因是他们是由悲观的父母抚养长大的。由此可知,本段主要讨论了转变为悲观主义者的可能原因。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的If adopted at an early age, this powerful personality quality can help children grow into strong adults capable of handling life's circumstances with confidence, courage, and hope.可知,如果能够从小培养孩子这种乐观的态度,孩子在成长中会变得坚强,能够自信、勇敢、充满希望地应对生活中出现的各种情况。由此可知,培养幼儿的乐观情绪使他们在成年后意志坚强。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Childhood experiences, parent-child connection, or authority figures will all have some influence,” she said. Although optimism (or the lack of it) could be passed down genetically, it can also be taught.可推知,正确的引导有助于培养乐观的孩子。故选D。

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