资源简介 七年级下册英语 Unit 2 No rules,no order 单元语法讲义一、重点词汇用法rule名词:意为 “规则;规章”,如 “traffic rules(交通规则)” ,“obey the rules(遵守规则)”。动词:表示 “统治;管理”,例如 “rule a kingdom(统治一个王国)” ;也有 “控制;支配” 的意思,如 “His temper rules his actions.(他的脾气支配着他的行为)”。arrive到达:不及物动词,后接地点名词时,需搭配介词,“arrive at + 小地点”,“arrive in + 大地点”,如 “arrive at the station(到达车站)”,“arrive in Beijing(到达北京)”。接地点副词:无需介词,像 “arrive here/there/home(到达这里 / 那里 / 家)”。进行时态表将来:“The train is arriving soon.(火车马上就要到了)”。have to强调客观必要:意为 “不得不;必须”,有人称、时态和数的变化。一般现在时中,第三人称单数用 “has to” ,过去式用 “had to” ,否定形式 “don't/doesn't/didn't have to” 表示 “不必”,如 “He doesn't have to go to school today.(他今天不必去上学)”。用于各种句式:如疑问句 “Do you have to leave now (你现在必须离开吗?)”。either副词:用于否定句的句末,用逗号隔开,表示 “也”,如 “I don't like sports, and he doesn't like them either.(我不喜欢运动,他也不喜欢)”。形容词:意为 “(两者中)任一的”,后接单数可数名词,如 “either side of the road(道路的任意一边)”。代词:意为 “(两者中的)任何一个”,常与 “of” 连用,后接复数名词或代词宾格,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如 “Either of the books is interesting.(这两本书中的任何一本都很有趣)”。practise动词:意为 “训练;练习”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,如 “practise the piano(练习钢琴)”,“practise speaking English(练习说英语)”。固定结构:常用于 “practise doing sth.” 结构,表示 “练习做某事”,也可用于被动语态,如 “The skills should be practised regularly.(这些技能应该定期练习)”。二、重点短语follow the school rules:遵守学校规则,如 “You should follow the school rules when you are at school.(你在学校时应该遵守学校规则)”。be late for:迟到,例如 “Don't be late for class.(上课不要迟到)”。arrive on time:准时到达,“Please arrive on time for the meeting.(开会请准时到达)”。wear the school uniform:穿校服,“Students must wear the school uniform on weekdays.(学生在工作日必须穿校服)”。put up your hand / raise your hand:举手,“Put up your hand if you have any questions.(如果你有问题请举手)”。have to:不得不,“I have to finish my homework tonight.(我今晚不得不完成作业)”。jump the queue:插队,“It's impolite to jump the queue.(插队是不礼貌的)”。wait for:等待,“I'm waiting for my friend.(我在等我的朋友)”。absent from:缺席;不在,“He was absent from school yesterday.(他昨天没来上学)”。put on:穿上,“Put on your coat. It's cold outside.(穿上你的外套,外面很冷)”。school dining hall:学校食堂,“We have lunch in the school dining hall.(我们在学校食堂吃午饭)”。keep quiet:保持安静,“Please keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆请保持安静)”。make noise:制造噪声,“Don't make noise in class.(上课不要制造噪音)”。三、重点句型Would you like a sweet :你要吃颗糖吗?回答:肯定回答 “Yes, please.” ,否定回答 “No, thank you.” ,如 “Would you like a sweet No, thank you. We can't eat snacks in class.(你要吃颗糖吗?不,谢谢。我们不能在课堂上吃零食)”。Oh! I'm sorry, I have to answer my phone.:哦!对不起,我得接电话。回应:“Oh, but we can't /mustn't bring our mobile phones to class.(哦,但是我们不能 / 禁止把手机带到课堂上)”。We have to turn them off and put / keep them in our lockers.:我们必须关掉它们,并把它们放在储物柜里。Why doesn't Anne take a sweet from Tom :为什么安妮不从汤姆那里拿颗糖果?回答需说明原因,如 “Because she knows it's not allowed in class.(因为她知道在课堂上不允许这样做)” 。四、语法知识(一)祈使句肯定祈使句结构:动词原形开头,表示请求、命令、建议等 。例句:“Open the door, please.(请打开门)” ,“Come here!(过来)” ,“Be quiet!(保持安静)” 。否定祈使句结构:Don't + 动词原形 ,表示禁止做某事。例句:“Don't run in the classroom.(不要在教室里跑)” ,“Don't be late.(不要迟到)” ,“Don't litter.(不要乱扔垃圾)” 。特殊祈使句Let 型:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 ,表示 “让某人做某事” 。如 “Let's go to school.(让我们去上学)” ,“Let him play basketball.(让他打篮球)” 。No 型:No + 名词 / 动名词 ,常用于公共场所的警示语,如 “No smoking!(禁止吸烟)” ,“No parking!(禁止停车)” 。(二)情态动词 can, have to, must 的用法can表示能力:意为 “能;会” ,如 “I can speak English.(我会说英语)” ,“The bird can fly.(鸟会飞)” 。表示请求许可:常用于疑问句,意为 “可以” ,肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.” ,否定回答用 “No, you can't.” 。如 “Can I use your pen Yes, you can.(我可以用你的钢笔吗?是的,你可以)” 。否定形式 can't:表示 “不能;不可以” ,如 “You can't play games here.(你不能在这里玩游戏)” 。have to强调客观必要性:表示 “不得不;必须” ,有人称、时态和数的变化 。如 “He has to go to work by bus.(他不得不乘公共汽车去上班)” ,“They had to stay at home yesterday because of the rain.(因为下雨,他们昨天不得不待在家里)” 。否定形式:表示 “不必” ,如 “You don't have to come so early.(你不必来这么早)” 。must表示主观必要性:意为 “必须” ,强调说话人的主观看法,如 “We must study hard.(我们必须努力学习)” 。否定形式 mustn't:表示 “禁止;不允许” ,如 “You mustn't smoke in the hospital.(你禁止在医院吸烟)” 。用于疑问句:Must I... 的肯定回答用 “Yes, you must.” ,否定回答用 “No, you needn't.” 或 “No, you don't have to.” 。如 “Must I finish my homework now Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.(我必须现在完成作业吗?是的,你必须。/ 不,你不必)” 。(三)形容词和副词的用法形容词修饰名词:放在名词前,说明名词的特征、性质等 。如 “a polite girl(一个有礼貌的女孩)” ,“a quiet classroom(一个安静的教室)” 。作表语:放在系动词后,如 “She is happy.(她很开心)” ,“The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣)” 。副词修饰动词:放在动词后,说明动作发生的方式、程度等 。如 “He runs fast.(他跑得快)” ,“She speaks English well.(她英语说得好)” 。修饰形容词或其他副词:放在形容词或其他副词前 ,如 “very beautiful(非常漂亮)” ,“quite well(相当好)” 。五、相关练习(一)词汇练习写出下列单词的适当形式rule(复数)_arrive(第三人称单数)_have to(第三人称单数)_either(形容词)_practise(动名词)_用所给词的适当形式填空You should _ (follow) the rules at school.Don't be _ (late) for the meeting.We _ (have to) get up early every day.She can't go to the party, and I can't go _ (either).He often _ (practise) playing the guitar after school.(二)短语翻译遵守学校规则 _迟到 _准时到达 _穿校服 _举手 _不得不 _插队 _等待 _缺席 _穿上 _(三)句型转换You can play basketball here.(改为否定句)You _ _ basketball here.He has to go to school by bike.(改为一般疑问句)_ he _ to go to school by bike Must I clean the classroom now (作否定回答)No, _ _.Don't run in the hallways.(改为肯定祈使句)_ _ in the hallways.(四)语法选择You _ play football in the street. It's dangerous.A. can B. can't C. must D. mustn't_ lovely the girl is!A. What B. How C. What a D. How aMy sister is good at _ (draw).A. draw B. draws C. drawing D. to drawPlease _ quiet in the library.A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps(五)写作练习以 “School Rules” 为题,写一篇短文,介绍你们学校的规则。要求:包含至少三条规则,说明你对这些规则的看法,不少于 50 词 。答案(一)词汇练习rules; arrives; has to; either; practisingfollow; late; have to; either; practises(二)短语翻译follow the school rulesbe late forarrive on timewear the school uniformput up your hand / raise your handhave tojump the queuewait forabsent fromput on(三)句型转换can't playDoes; haveyou needn't / you don't have toRun; quickly (此处可根据实际情况,将 quickly 换成其他合适的副词,这里只是示例)(四)语法选择D 2. B 3. C 4. A(五)写作练习(参考范文)School RulesThere are many rules in our school. First, we must wear the school uniform every day. It makes us look tidy. Second, we can't be late for school. Being on time is important. Third, we should keep quiet in the library.I think these rules are good for us. They help us keep order and study better. Although sometimes they seem a bit strict, following them can make our school life more organized. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览