资源简介 2025届九年级初三 中考英语二轮复习 语法专题被动语态 考点总结①被动语态的结构be+动词的过去分词,即be done具体形式有:(1)一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词done(2)一般过去时:was/were+过去分词done(3)一般将来时:shall/will+be+过去分词done(4)现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词done(5)过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词done(6)现在完成时:has/have+been+过去分词done(7)过去完成时:had+been+过去分词done(8)将来完成时:shall/will+have been+过去分词done(9)过去将来时:should/would+be+过去分词done(10)过去将来完成时:should/would+have been+过去分词done(11)含有情态动词:should/can/may/must+be +过去分词done句型用法:1.肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...)The window was cleaned by him.2.否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...)The battery wasn’t charged yesterday.3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)Was the package posted 4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...)Who was the flying disk invented by 主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤:步骤1:把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。步骤2:原主动句中的主语,如有必要,转换成宾格形式,放在介词by之后,如无必要,可省略。步骤3:把动词的主动形式改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”。步骤4:其他成分(定语、状语)不变,句子的时态不变。The naughty child broke the window yesterday. 主动句 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语The window was broken by the naughty child yesterday. 被动句 主语 谓语 by+施动者 状语②被动语态的用法1) 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者,常用被动语态。Three people were injured in the accident.2) 强调动作的承受者,将承受者作为谈话的中心时,常用被动语态。这类句子常有一个 by 引导的短语说明动作的执行者,有时也可没有。This poem was written by Whitman.3) 动作的执行者很模糊(如 people,one 等),常用被动语态。The letter has been opened.4) 出于礼貌,避免说出动作的执行。有时出于礼貌,不便提到动作的执行者,此时用被动语态。动作的执行者有可能是别人也有可能是自己。The window was broken this morning.5) 当动作执行者不是人时,一般用被动语态。The window was blown open by wind.③被动语态的考点注意1.当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。This kind of cloth washes well.The doors in this supermarket shut automatically.2.某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词是不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。My advice proved to be wrong.3.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。It turns out to be wrong.4. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。The question is difficult to answer.It's a difficult book to read.5.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义。I want to get something to read.【注】:如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式。比较:I have something to type.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)6.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。The plants want watering every day.【注】① 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。This sentence needs explaining/to be explained.7.易错点:在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加上介词to。The great news made her feel happy.被动形式:She was made to feel happy by the great news.Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动形式:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.例题巩固:1. When I was young, I ________by my grandparents. A. look after B. looked after C. am looked after D. was looked after2.The old lady ____ the hospital in time at last.A.is taken to B.took to C.was taken to 3.Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.A.plays B.is played C.was played D.played 1.【答案】D【解析】句意:当我小的时候,我是由祖父母照顾的。考查一般过去时被动语态。look after一般现在时;looked after一般过去时;am looked after一般现在时被动语态;was looked after一般过去时被动语态。when引导时间状语从句,从句中was是一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时。主句中by my grandparents是被动语态的标志词,所以此空格应填一般过去时被动语态,故选D。2.【答案】C【解析】句意:那位老妇人最后被及时送往医院。考查一般过去时被动语态。is taken to一般现在时被动语态;took to一般过去时;was taken to一般过去时被动语态。根据句子结构,主语old lady与谓语动词take之间是被动关系,且“被及时送往医院”这个事情发生在过去,所以此空应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构。主语old lady是单数,所以空格处填was taken to。故选C。3.【答案】C【解析】句意:篮球运动于1891年开始。然后在1936年的柏林,它成为了奥运会的一个项目。考查被动语态。plays玩,动词三单;is played被玩,一般现在时的被动结构;was played被玩,一般过去时的被动结构;played玩,过去式;根据句意理解可知,句子主语与动词之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动结构,所以排除A/ D选项,再由句中的时间in 1891可知,这里应该用过去时的被动,结构是“was/ were+过去分词”;故选C。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览