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(共36张PPT)
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Learning About Language
Teaching Objectives:
1. Consolidate key vocabulary by using these words in sentences.
2. Confirm knowledge of vocabulary related to money by pairing each word with its definition.
3. Practise key vocabulary in a paragraph and consolidate your understanding of AI.
Key and difficult points:
Key point：Understand the forms and functions of passive voice through observation in a real context.
Difficult point：How to apply passive voice correctly in the context and situation
Part 1 Lead-in
Watch the video.
What happened to the pumpkin
Fairy changes the pumpkin into a carriage.
Look and Think
Look and Think
Can we say the old clothes become beautiful dresses by themselves
Part 2
The passive voice
The workers build the house.
The house is built by the workers.
People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken by people all over the world.
What are the differences between these sentences
被动语态
被动语态
被动语态的用法
下面几种情况一般用被动语态:
不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。
The meeting has been put off. 会议已被推迟了。
强调动作的承受者时。
This sculpture was carved by him. 这个雕塑是他雕刻的。
出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.
希望大家遵守以下规定。
各个时态的被动语态构成
现以及物动词tell为例
时态 被动语态的构成
一般式 一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
进行式 现在进行时
过去进行时
完成式 现在完成时
过去完成时
am/is/are told
was/were told
will be told
should/would be told
am/is/are being told
was/were being told
have/has been told
had been told
Tips
判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者；
判断语句中的时态(tense)；
注意过去分词拼写正确；
注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）。
各种时态的被动语态
The factory produces thousands of cars every month.
I usually lock the door before leaving home.
Thousands of cars ________________ by the factory every month.
The door _____ usually ______ by me before I leave home.
do/does---
一般现在时
are produced
is
am/is/are done
locked
各种时态的被动语态
Caoxue, dean（院长）of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts designed the image of Bing Dwen Dwen in 2019.
The image of Bing Dwen Dwen ______________by Caoxue, dean of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院) in 2019.
did---
一般过去时
was designed
was/were done
各种时态的被动语态
①A country will give citizenship to robots in the future.
②Scientists said that robots wouldn't take over the world in the future.
①Robots _____________ citizenship(by a country) in the future.
②Scientists said that the world_______________________ (by robots) in the future.
will do---
would do---
一般将来时
过去将来时
will be given
will be done
would be done
wouldn’t be taken over
各种时态的被动语态
①Sonny is threatening a woman now.
②We saw a screenshot from a movie that Sonny is threatening a woman now.
①A woman______________________(threaten) by Sonny now.
②We saw a screenshot from a movie that a woman _______________________(threaten) by Sonny at the moment.
am/is/are doing---
was/were doing---
现在进行时
过去进行时
is being threatened
am/is/are being done
was/were being done
was being threatened
各种时态的被动语态
①Sonny has learnt the feeling of anger since the conversation with the detective.
②The detective found that Sonny had learnt the feeling of anger.
①The feeling of anger_______________ by Sonny since the conversation with the detective.
②The detective found that the feeling of anger __________________ by Sonny .
has/have done---
had done---
现在完成时
过去完成时
has been learnt
has/have been done
had been done
had been learnt
Part 3
Special usage
在三个需要need, want, require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式
The passive voice--special usage
The old house needs ________ (paint). It looks really shabby.
The problem is so complex that it requires ______________ (discuss) further.
painting
discussing
to be painted
Your hair is too long. It wants ________ (cut) right away.
cutting
to be cut
to be discussed
在be worth doing中， doing 形式用主动形式表示被动意义。
The passive voice--special usage
The movie is so wonderful that it _______________ (watch) again.
The book on the shelf ________________ (read) because it contains a lot of useful information.
is worth watching
is worth reading
This ancient temple is very famous and it ______________ (visit).
is worth visiting
在“be+形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义
The passive voice--special usage
These classic works may be difficult _______________ (understand).
to understand
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
The passive voice--special usage
The question is too difficult for us ___________ (answer).
The article is too long for the students _______________ (translate).
to answer
to translate
The box is too heavy for the little boy __________ (carry).
to carry
在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
The passive voice--special usage
There is a lot of homework for us ______ (do) tonight.
There are some books on the desk _________ (lend) to the students.
to do
There are still many problems _____________ (solve) to improve the living environment.
to be lent
to be solved
在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动；如：rent, blame, let等。
The passive voice--special usage
The policy is partly _________ (blame) for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
to blame
Who is to blame for your ignorance when you are old
Part 4
Exercise
【即学即用】
The way we read need ______________ (change).
Many classic works are worth ______________ (read).
These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand).
These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy).
But there is no time ______________ (lose).
Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old
to buy
reading
to understand
changing
to lose
to blame
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
What is done cannot ___________. (undo)
Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
A 3,000-seat venue ________________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
be undone
was elected
be added
was built / will be built
Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
has been improved
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
Only one piece of carry-on luggage ___________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
It is a great honour for me to___________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ____________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected _____________ to atop university. (admit)
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
to be admitted
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
is regarded
explored/represented
written
was translated
represents
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading.
be discovered
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
Part 5
Build up your vocabulary
Replace the underlined parts with words of similar meanings from the text. Rewrite the sentences if necessary.
1. We believe he is a man of absolute honesty, and trust his words
completely.
2. Henry told me that he was in a hurry as he had arranged to see the dentist
at 10:00 a.m.
3. Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s self-respect into pieces. We
should be aware of this and not spread unkind news around.
4. Because of the holiday, the students were allowed to go home early.
5. Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until
proven otherwise.
integrity
had an appointment with
dignity
were dismissed
not guilty
Match each word with the proper definition below.
Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
Then in pairs share your opinion on AI development.
It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and ______________ in the future. For example, robots first appeared in sci-fi novels, but now robot soldiers have already been __________ in war. Robot experts have also built robots that can see, talk, and do other things like humans. Although a robot that looks __________ a human than a machine could make many people a bit uncomfortable, we have to admit that it is a __________ possibility. Sophia, currently said to be the most advanced AI robot in the world, is a great example.
science fiction
tested out
more like
fascinating
Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
Then in pairs share your opinion on AI development.
She has been interviewed many times, appeared on the covers of magazines, and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything. So have we lost the __________ of being the most intelligent creature Maybe in the future, as AI becomes even more __________, it will become a major threat to humans. However, some people ________ this fear. They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.
dignity
intelligent
dismiss
SEE YOU NEXT TIME

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