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教材习题精讲
Unit 1 Art
目录
介绍
01
Reading and Thinking
02
03
04
Learning about language
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Using language
Part 01
Reading and Thinking
【课文】
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401–1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Michelangelo (1475–1564), and Raphael (1483–1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606–1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchaseaccurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840–1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841–1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881–1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
【习题】
(1) Read the passage and make a flow chart to show the changes in Western painting styles.
Read the passage and make a flowchart to show the changes in Western painting styles.
religious themes
The Middle Ages
The Renaissance
less religious themes
more humanistic attitude
use of perspective
use of oil paints
deep colours and realism, look like photographs
emphasis shifted to people and the world around us
portraits of people of high rank
themes of historical events and mythology
Impressionism
followed invention of photography
paintings were not needed to preserve what things looked like
aimed to convey light and movement rather than recording realistic detail
focused on people, nature, and daily life
full of light, shadow, colour, and life
showed inner life of the subject too
Modern Art
analysed shapes of the natural world in a new way
realistic but dream-like qualities
abstract
no longer showed reality, but asked the question “what is art ” in different ways
not realistic; primitive and two-dimensional
13th century; more realistic and showed people in areal environment
【习题】
(2) Match the paintings below with the correct period of art. Use the information in the reading passage to help you.
Modern Art
Impressionism
The Renaissance
The Middle Ages
【习题】
(3) Discuss the following questions in groups.
1. Which period of Western art do you like most Why are you fond of it
2. How would you answer the question, “What is art ”
(1) Read the passage and make a flow chart to show the changes in Western painting styles.
1. Which period of Western art do you like most Why are you fond of it
I like Modern Art most. There are many different
styles within this period. The paintings of Modem
Art can mean different things to different people.
(1) Read the passage and make a flow chart to show the changes in Western painting styles.
2. How would you answer the question, “What is art ”
I think that art is anything that someone has created and is
beautiful or produces emotion inside us. Art is not just
painting and drawing. It can be photography, or cooking, or
music, or dancing, or playing a sport. If it is done with skill
and moves the viewer, then I think it is art.
Part 02
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
(1) Read the passage about Monet and Impressionism. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words or phrases in the box.
Unlike the earlier Realists who painted in a __________ style, Impressionist painters focused more on their __________ feelings of things and instant impressions. When Impressionism __________ in France in the late 19th century, artists became more interested in everyday subject matter. They were also fascinated by modern objects. As one of the most __________ Impressionist painters, Claude Monet was impressed by the visual effects of the steam engine ______________, and he later produced twelve paintings of a train station in Paris.
realistic
subjective
emerged
influential
in particular
Build up your vocabulary
(1) Read the passage about Monet and Impressionism. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words or phrases in the box.
In 1883, Monet and his large family moved to Giverny, where he ________ a house and some land for his gardens. During his days at Giverny, Monet __________ painting his own gardens, with the water lilies, the pond, and the arched bridge. From this we can see that there were two clear ________ apparent in his work throughout his career: colours and reflections in water.
purchased
was fond of
themes
Discover useful structures
(1) Read these sentences and fill in the blanks using the correct words from the text on pages 2 and 3. Discuss with your partner the function of the italicised infinitives.
1. Perhaps the best __________ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
2. During the Middle Ages, the __________ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
3. In this work, Monet’s __________ was to convey the light and movement in the scene…
4. _______________________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
way
purpose
aim
What they attempted to do
1.The young singer’s intention of performing the song was
2.The best way to do business is
3.What the survivors attempted to do was
4.The main purpose of art education in schools is
5.The aim of the two leaders at the conference was
6.For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be
7.When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggestion is
8.The mother believes her duty is
9.All he wanted after a tiring day was
A. to build trust between you and your client.
B to achieve permanent peace between their two countries.
C. to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives.
D. to share his love for rock music with his fans.
E. to be left alone.
F. to criticize other people.
G. to inspire students to be creative.
H. to listen to your own inner voice.
I. to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart.
(2) Match the sentence halves and underline the nouns or clauses used as the subject in each sentence.
Discover useful structures
(3) Work in pairs. Make conversations using the following questions and sentence patterns.
1. What’s your biggest dream/ambition in life
2. How are you going to make your dream come true
3. How are you going to achieve your goal
4. Do you have any plans
5. What might be difficult for you
6. How are you going to deal with ...
A:What's your biggest ambition in life
B:My biggest ambition in life is to run an international marathon in Beijing.
A:Wowthat sounds great! How are you going to make your dream come true
B:I should practise, practise, practise and never give up!
A:How are you going to achieve your goal Do you have any plans
B: Yes , my plan is to run my first marathon in two years' time I think all I have to do is start running shorter races, and then get used to longer and longer races.
A : What might be difficult for you
B:I think one of the hardest things might be training my body and mind to endure such a long race
A:How are you going to deal with that
B:I guess the best way to deal with that is to train slowly but with great focus, get a lot of support from friends and family, always be positive, and keep my long-term goal in mind.
Part 03
Learning About Language
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470–1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
【课文】
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE–1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711–1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618–907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
【课文】
This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25.
Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
Admission: $10 for adults; $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5.
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
【课文】
(1) Read the text and discuss for whom it was written.
【习题】
I think this text was written for people who are
interested in art and art history , and who enjoy
visiting museums. It gives information about what is
on show , and details of when one can see the
exhibition , how much it costs , and what rules there
are in the museum.
From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages
3, 000 years
Tang Yin
bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 BCE)
Tang Dynasty(618-907) sculptures
explore another time with its amazing collection of works
November 25
9:00
5:00
Mondays
8
10
(2) Read the text again and complete the advertising leaflet below.
Assessing Your Progress
(1) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. The first principle for any art collector is to ___________ only what you love.
2. If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters, contemporary art by ___________ artists is also worthy of your attention.
3. In the art market, no one can ___________ that an artist will be a good ___________.
purchase
emerging
guarantee
investment
(1) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
4. The art competition gives young artists a chance to gain ____________ from the most respected art professionals.
5. Different from other ________ art forms, sculpture operates in three ____________.
6. The ___________ From Rembrandt to Vermeer is quite ____________ of the Dutch Golden Age of art.
recognition
visual
dimensions
exhibition
representative
(2) Use your own ideas to complete the sentences, using infinitives as the predicative.
1. If you want to learn how to paint, my advice is __________________
__________________.
2. My plan for the summer holiday is ____________________________
____________________________.
3. The most challenging thing for me might be _____________________
_____________________.
to practice every day
to visit my friend in
Australia
to climb a high mountain
(2) Use your own ideas to complete the sentences, using infinitives as the predicative.
4. My ideal job is ___________________________________.
5. If you want to be successful, the least you could do now is ________________________.
6. What I want to do this weekend is ____________________
____________________.
to help people with disabilities
to take action
to relax at home with my cat
(3) Look at the paintings below and identify each painting style. Explain how you know.
The Music, 1939, Henri Matisse
It is Modern Art. It has
bright and vivid colours.
The shapes of the
women and objects are
not realistic. It is a
similar style to paintings
by other modern artists
such as Picasso.
The Ballet Class
1871-1874
Edgar Degas
It is an Impressionist painting. It shows a moment captured. One
can feel the movement before and after. The colours and brush
strokes are also a similar style to other works of Impressionism.
The Arnolfini Portrait
1434, Jan van Eyck
It is a classic portrait
and is most likely an
example of Renaissance
art. The couple were
probably wealthy and
paid for the portrait.
Thank You

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