资源简介

代词总结讲解及专项练习
--2024新人教版七年级上册【期末】语法复习
（一）定义与功能
1、定义：代词的主要功能是代替先前提到的名词或名词短语，以便简化句子的结构和语义关系。代词包括如下:
人称代词：
人称代词用来指代人的性别，例如：（I, you, he , we等）。人称代词还有单复数形式，例如：他/她/它是单数形式，他们/她们/它们是复数形式。人称代词还可以用来指代一群人或一组物品。
物主代词：
物主代词用来指代事物的主语或所属关系，例如：我的（my）、你的（your）、他的（his）、她的（her）、它的（its）、我们的（our）、你们的（your）、他们的（their）。物主代词还有反身代词形式，例如：我自己、你自己、他自己等。
反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, itself等，反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。
反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译为“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常译为“亲自”、“自己”。
此外，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。常见的反身代词有：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves等。
指示代词：
指示代词用来指代特定的对象或事物，例如：这个（this）、那个（that）、这些（these）、那些（those）。指示代词还可以用来强调某个名词或名词短语，例如：这就是我所说的那个人。
疑问代词：
疑问代词用来提问特定的对象或事物，例如：谁（who）、什么（what）、哪里（where）、如何（how）、为什么（why）。疑问代词还有不等称疑问代词形式，例如：哪个（which）、哪些（which）等。
不定代词：
不定代词用来指代不确定的对象或事物，例如：一些（some）、其他（other）、任何（any）、每个（every）、某（a certain）、某个（a certain one）。不定代词还有复合不定代词形式，例如：若干、某一个等。
关系代词：who, that, which, whose等，关系代词是用来引导从句的代词，主要用来连接两个句子，表示两者之间的逻辑关系。在英语中，关系代词通常用“who”、“which”、“that”等词来表示。它们在句子中起到至关重要的作用，能够帮助读者或听者更好地理解句子的结构和意义。
2、代词的作用
代词可用作：
1）主语
例如：
This is our new home.
这是我们的新家。
Who is on the phone
谁在打电话？
2）宾语
例如：
Take good care of yourself.
多多保重。
We should help each other.
我们应互相帮助。
3）表语
例如：
That’s not mine.
那不是我的。
Who is it —It’s me.
谁呀？ —是我。
4）同位语
例如：
We both live in the dormitory.
我们两人都住宿舍。
He ate them all.
他把它们全吃了。
5）呼语
例如：
Be patient, everybody.
大家都耐心点。
二、语法详解
（一）人称代词
1．人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格
数 格 人称 单数 复数
主格 宾语 主格 宾格
第一人称 I 我 me we 我们 us
第二人称 you 你 you you 你们 you
第三人称 he 他 sh 她 it 它 him her it 他们they 她们 它们 them
2．人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语
例如：
I am studying English now.
我现在正在学英语。
We love our country.
我们热爱我们的国家。
如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是：
单数形式 you, he and I
复数形式 we, you and they
2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。
例如：
Can you help us
你能帮助我们吗？
We are waiting for them.
我们正在等他们。
Who is there It’s me.
是谁呀？是我。
（二）物主代词
物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系，这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，并有不同的人称和单复数之分。
2．形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别
1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。
例如：
My parents are both doctors.
我的父母都是医生。
We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed.
我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是《生死时速》。
2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：
Is this her pen No, hers is red. （主语）
这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。
Let’s clean their room first, and then clean ours. （宾语）
咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。
These letters are his.（表语）
这些信是他的。
（三）反身代词
反身代词用来表示反射或强调。
1．反身代词的形式
人称 一 二 三
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2．反身代词的用法
1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。
例如：
My grandmother is too old to look after herself.
我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。
Tom was always ready to help others.
汤姆总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。
2）在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下，反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后，也可以放到句末。
例如：
We ourselves will build the factory.
我们将自己建造这个工厂。
He spoke to me myself.
他对我本人说话。
3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。
例如：
by oneself 亲自 for oneself 为自己
call oneself 称自己 teach oneself 自学
help oneself to 随意吃 lose oneself 迷路
speak to oneself 自言自语 seat oneself 就座
make oneself understood 让别人懂得自己的意思
（四）指示代词
指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词，如：this, that, these, those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物，that和those则指较远的事物。
指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。
例如：
This is a difficult question.
这是个难题。
That basketball isn’t ours.
那个篮球不是我们的。
Do you like these
你喜欢这些吗？
（五）不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。
1．不定代词有以下形式：
some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one
2．不定代词在句子中的作用：
1）作主语
例如：
Everyone has come. Let’s begin.
大家都到了，我们开始吧。
Both of his parents are doctors.
他的父母都是医生。
One is the teacher, the others are students.
一人是老师，其余的是学生。
2）作宾语
例如：
This one is too small, please show me another.
这个太小，请另外拿一个给我看看。
Please introduce me to the others.
请把我介绍给所有其他的人。
3）作表语
例如：
That’s all for today.
今天就到这儿吧。
It’s too much for me.
这件事非我力所能及。
3．常见不定代词的用法讲解
1）some和any
a．some常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。
例如：
Some say yes and some say no.
有的人说是，有的人说不是。
I don’t like any of them.
我对他们一个也不喜欢。
Does any of them know this
他们当中有谁知道吗？
b．如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。
例如：
Would you like some of the tickets
你想要些票吗？
c．在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。
例如：
You can take any of the newspapers here.
你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。
2）either和neither
either用于肯定，neither用于否定，二者均限于两个个体的情况。
例如：
You can see tall trees on either of the river banks.
在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。
Neither of them wants to see the film with me.
他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。
3）one和ones（one的复数形式）
one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以避免用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词为oneself，所有格形式是one’s。
例如：
One should follow the laws.
人人应该遵守法律。
The one in red is our monitor.
穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。
Shanghai has a lot of new buildings, but it also has many old ones.
上海有很多新的建筑物，也有不少老的建筑物。
4）复合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every同body，one, thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some, someone和something一般用于肯定句，anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
例如：
We want somebody to help us.
我们想要有人来帮助我们。
Have you found anything here
你们在这儿发现什么了吗？
If anyone comes to visit us, tell him we have gone to the cinema.
如果有人来访，就告诉他我们去电影院了。
表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加’s构成所有格。
例如：
Somebody’s wallet has just been stolen.
有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。
复合不定代词要求后置定语。
例如：
We will have something important to do this afternoon.
今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。
（六）疑问代词
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如who, whom, whose, what和which等。
在疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
例如：
Who is your maths teacher （表语）
谁是你们的数学老师？
Whose bag is that （定语）
那是谁的书包？
Who teaches you English （主语）
谁教你们英语？
Whom are you talking about （宾语）
你们在谈论谁？
（七）相互代词
相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，其形式如下表。
主格和宾格 所有格
each other one another each other’s one another’s
在当代英语中，each other和one another（互相） （彼此的）意思上没有区别，它们在句中可以作宾语，其所有格可以作定语
例如：
Do you often help each other
你们经常互相帮助吗？
We are interested in one another’s work.
我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。
代词专项练习题
练习1. 选择填空：
1．These books are not hers. they’re _______.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
2. --- Is that ______ bike --- No, it isn’t. It’s ________.
A. your, her B. hers, mine C. yours, hers D. your, hers
3. There are two magazines on the table. One is about drawing , _______ is about music.
A. others B. other C. the other D. another
4. _______ of the boys plays basketball well.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
5. Tom runs very fast. _______ is difficult for Mary to catch him.
A. That B. she C. It D. There
6. The temple was built by the monks _______.
A. us B. ourselves C. them D. themselves
7. Jack put a icecream into ______ mouth and sucked it.
A. his B. he C. him D. his’s
8. Henry is always ready to help ______.
A. another B. others C. the other D. other
9. Let _______ do this homework myself.
A. him B. her C. us D. me
10. Has he _______ to tell us
A. important something B. something important
C. important anything D. anything important
11. I met a calssmate of ______ on ______ way home.
A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, an
12. ______ of the children in the kindergarten has a toy.
A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All
13. There are some gifts on the desk.. _____ of them is what she likes.
A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither
14. All of _______ live in China.
A. us B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves
15. --- Is this ______ shirt --- No, it’s not _______.
A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers
16. --- _______ is that girl --- She’s my daughter.
A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which
17. _______ plants ______ animals can live without water.
A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also
18. There’re thirty-one chairs in the classroom. One is for the teacher, ______ are for the children.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. others
19. My water bottle is on the desk. Where is _______
A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your
20. We all think you can do the job well______.
A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your
21. --- Which cup is Mary’s --- The pink one is _______.
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
22.Frank’s father was so angry that he was not ______ when he found Frank had made a mess of the room.
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
23. There are so many flowers on ______ side of the street .
A. all B. both C. every D. each
24. _____ is valuable for us to keep a clean nature.
A. There B. That C. This D. It
25. Sherry can’t find ______ camera.
A. hers B. it C. her D. it’s
26. There is ______ sugar in the cup.
A. many B. little C. few D. a few
27. Please pass ______ the cup of coffee.
A. me B. my C. mine D. I
28. Have you heard from ______ recently
A. him B. he C. himself D.his
29. There is _____milk in the cup.
A. not B. some C. any D. many
30. There isn’t ______ water left in the bottle.
A. many B. few C. much D. little
31. I’m sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ______ about the news.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
32. That is Tom’s schoolbag, ______ is on the chair.
A. my B. yours C. your D. you
33. We made these kites ______.
A. us B. ourselves C. myself D. our
34. Would you please give me ______ cool drink
A. one B. little C. some D. any
35. --- Would you like some sugar in your milk --- Yes, just _______.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
36. This problem is so difficult that ______ my classmates can answer it.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
37. We have only _________ homework at weekends.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
38. Aron told us about his school life and we told him about_______.
A. we B.us C. our D. ours
39. This black jacket looks better than the gray ________.
A. / B. one C. suits D. ones
40. _________ is your mather’s job , a dancer or a singer
A. How B. Which C. What D. Who
练习题2
1．--- Whose painting is this It’s really wonderful!
--- Oh, it’s not ________ . It’s _________ .
A. hers; your B. mine; Elsa’s C. yours; he’s D. his; my
2．_________ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday.
They were staying at home all that day.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. One
3．The English novel is quite easy for you. There are __________ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
4．This ruler is mine. __________ is over there.
A. She B. She’s C. Her D. Hers
5．I’ll tell you ________ news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few
6．All the boys were very tired, but _______ of them would take a rest.
A. all B. neither C. any D. none
7．Every day Mr. Hu checks _________ homework and corrects the mistakes we make.
A. his B. her C. our D. its
8．--- When shall we meet again, this afternoon or tonight
--- I don’t mind. _________ time is OK.
A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. Both
9．The old man has two sons. One is a worker ; ________ is a teacher.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
10．Pass _________ the knife, please. My pencil is broken.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
11．--- Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke
--- _________, thanks. I’d like just a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
12．Bob couldn’t buy the dictionary because he had _________ money with him.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
13．This is not my dictionary. It’s ________.
A. her B. his C. your D. their
14．--- Oh! I came n a hurry and forgot to bring food.
--- Never mind. You can have _________ .
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
15．--- The watch is so nice! Is it for ________
--- Yes. Happy birthday. Mary!
--- Thank you very much.
A. his B. me C. my D. hers
16．--- May I use your pen
--- Yes, here are two and you can use ________ of them.
A. both B. every C. any D. either
17．--- Whose book is this
--- It’s ________ .
A. my B. mine C. me D. I
18．--- How many more oranges can I have
--- You can have one more. __________ are for Tom.
A. The others B. Another C. Others D. The other
19．--- Can I talk to you for a minute, Brain
--- Sure, I have _______ time.
A. a few B. little C. few D. a little
20．Their English teacher is from America, but ________ is from England.
A. ours B. my C. your D. her
21．Anne has a son. _______ name is Edward.
A. Her B. His C. Hers D. Him
22．This isn’t my sweater. It’s __________ , I think.
A. she B. her C. hers D. mine
23．Hurry up! There’s _________ time left.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
24．--- Could I have some milk
--- Certainly. There’s ________ in the bottle.
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
25．You can’t see many of the stars in the sky because __________ are too far away.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
26．Lei Feng asked _________ for return when he helped others.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
27．--- Is it your ticket
--- No, _________ is in my pocket. It’s ________.
A. mine; her B. my; his C. mine; hers D. my; hers
28．Can you tell me ________ she is waiting for
A. why B. whose C. whom D. which
29．Miss Brown will teach ________ English next term.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
30．There is _________ in today’s newspaper.
A. new anything B. new something
C. anything new D. something new
附答案：
练习题1：1—5 CDCAC 6—10 DABDD 11—15 ACCAB 16—20 ABCAA
21—25 CCDDC 26—30 BAABC 31—35 BBBCA 36—40 ADDBC
练习2：1—5 BCDDB 6—10 DCADB 11—15 BDBBB 16—20 DBADA
21—25 BCCBA 26—30 BCCAD

展开更多......

收起↑