2025年中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点八 动词时态语态和主谓一致(含解析)

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2025年中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点八 动词时态语态和主谓一致(含解析)

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2025年中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点八 动词时态语态和主谓一致
一、高频考点
一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态,多与时间状语always, often, sometimes, every day, in the morning等连用。
1. 肯定句式:
①主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
②主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式
2. 否定句式:
①主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+助动词don't+动词原形
②主语(第三人称单数)+doesn't+动词原形
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
①助动词Do+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
②助动词Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形
特殊疑问句:
①特殊疑问词+助动词do/be动词+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+其它?
②特殊疑问词+助动词does/be动词+主语(第三人称单数)+其它?
一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间进行的动作或存在的状态,多与时间状语yesterday, last..., 一段时间+ago, ...ago, just now, the other day, once upon a time, when she was young等连用。
1. 句式结构
①肯定句式:主语+动词过去式
②否定句式:主语+助动词didn't+动词原形
③疑问句式:助动词Did+主语+动词原形
2. be动词
be动词的过去式是was/were,否定句直接在was/ were后加not,一般疑问句把was/were提到句首。
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。往往与表示将来含义的时间状语 tomorrow, next year, in 2020, in+一段时间等连用。一般将来时有be going to结构和will结构两种形式。
1. be going to结构
对于按打算、决定、计划将要做的事,表示已经决定的,很可能发生的事,或某种迹象表明要发生的事,一般用be going to句式来表示。
句式结构:
①肯定句式:主语+助动词be(am, is, are)+going to+动词原形
②否定句式:主语+助动词 be(am, is, are)+not+going to+动词原形
③疑问句式:助动词Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+going to+动词原形
2. will(shall)结构
这种结构表示未经考虑的意图,当主语是第一人称时,可用shall,而will可以用在任何人称之后。
①will(shall)结构的肯定句式
主语+will(shall)+动词原形
②will(shall)结构的否定句式
主语+will(shall)+not+动词原形
③will(shall)结构的疑问句式
Will(Shall)+主语+动词原形
3. be doing表示将来
常用这种结构的动词有:go, come, leave, arrive, stay, start, fly, begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
现在进行时
现在进行时表示即刻或现在正在发生或进行着的某一动作,多与时间状语now, at the moment, at present等连用。
1. 句式结构
①肯定句式:主语+助动词be(am, is, are)+现在分词
②否定句式:主语+助动词 be(am, is, are)+not+现在分词
③疑问句式:助动词Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词
2. 现在进行时的用法
①表示说话时动作正在进行,往往与now连用,有时用在祈使句之后。
②表示现阶段动作正在进行,但不一定是说话时正在进行,往往和at present, this week, these days等时间状语连用。
③当句中含有Look!或Listen! Can you see..., Can't you see...等暗示词时,后边句子也用现在进行时。
现在完成时
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响。与现在完成时连用的时间状语往往有already, yet, ever, never, for, since..., these days, so far, just, recently, in the past(last) few years等。
1. 句式结构
①肯定句式:主语+助动词have(has)+过去分词
②否定句式:主语+助动词have(has)+not+过去分词
③疑问句式:助动词Have(Has)+主语+过去分词
2. 现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
②表示过去发生的动作延续到现在,而且还将继续下去的动作或状态,往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。
③表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。
被动语态:
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态:主语+助动词be (am, is, are)+及物动词的过去分词
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:主语+助动词be (was, were)+及物动词的过去分词
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:主语+助动词will (am/is/are going to) be+及物动词的过去分词
含有情态动词的被动语态
Water mustn't be wasted. 绝不能浪费水。
Electric energy can be changed into light energy.电能可以转变成光能。
Get+过去分词构成的被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。
Mary is going to get married. 玛丽准备结婚了。
How did the glass get broken 杯子怎么破了?
短语动词的被动语态
(1) 动词+介词:This matter has been talked about recently.这件事近来一直被谈论着。
(2) 动词+副词:The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了。
(3) 其他短语动词:The light has just been turned off. 灯刚被关上。
主谓一致
(1) 语法一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
The number of mistakes was surprising. 错误的数量很惊人。
(2) 意义一致
① 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。
My family are having supper now. 我们一家人现在正吃晚饭。
② 主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Thirty dollars is too expensive for this dictionary. 这本词典30美元太贵了。
(3) 就近一致
谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且学生也喜欢踢足球。
二、往年考点分布情况
单项选择:动词时态方面,常考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态的辨析 。例如给出不同时间状语,让学生判断应使用的时态 。
完形填空:在文章叙述过程中,考查学生对动词时态的正确运用,要结合上下文语境判断动作发生的时间,从而选择合适的时态 。
书面表达:学生需要正确运用动词时态来描述事件发生的时间顺序,合理使用被动语态来丰富表达 。
三、考查方向
基本用法的准确判断:中考注重考查学生对各情态动词基本含义和用法的掌握程度。
特殊结构的理解运用:对 “情态动词 + have done” 等特殊结构的考查,要求学生理解其在不同语境下的含义。
语境理解与逻辑推理:给出具体语境,让学生根据上下文逻辑关系选择恰当的情态动词
情态动词与其他语法的结合:有时会将情态动词与时态、语态、反意疑问句等语法知识结合考查。
习题:
单选题
1.—It is so noisy in next door. I can’t stand that, Mum.
—Oh, Mr. Li ________ a birthday party for his daughter with his family and relatives.
A. held B. was holding C. has held D. is holding
2.—Do you know if Tom ________ with us tonight
—I believe if he ________ his homework, he will join us.
A. plays; finishes B. will play; finishes
C. plays; will finish D. will play; will finish
3.There are two roads, and either _____ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads
4.—He looks much taller now. How long is it since he ________ this school
—He ________ for three years and is studying in New York.
A. has left; has left B. left; has been away
C. leaves; has left D. left; has left
5.My parents_________ Tianjing on business for a whole week. So I live with my uncle these days.
A.have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. have been away
6.Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I’m afraid it ______.
A. rains B. is going to rain C. rained D. was raining
7.—I don’t know if I_______anyone at the party this evening.
—If I_______anyone,I will get nervous.
A. will know,won’t know
B. will know,don’t know
C. know,won’t know
8.Lei Feng ________ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead
9.—How did you deal with those plastic bottles
—They ________! I gave them to Mrs. White and she used them to hold flowers.
A. recycle B. recycled
C. were recycled D. will recycle
10.There will be more e-books in the near future. But I don’t think paper books ________ by e-books.
A. replaced B. will replace C. was replaced D. will be replaced
11.Teenagers should ________ to ask for help in a proper way when they have trouble.
A. encourage B. be encouraged C. be encouraging
12.By now,tons of robots ______ to help the farmers with heavy work.
A.are produced B.were produced
C.will be produced D.have been produced
13.—What happened to Jenny She looks unhappy.
—She wanted to play a joke on her deskmate, but finally she ________.
A. is fooled B. has been fooled C. will be fooled D. was fooled
14.Waste paper shouldn’t ________ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean.
A. throw B. be thrown C. is thrown D. are thrown
15.— The 2024 Nantong Marathon will take place soon. Can your cousin get the first prize in the race
— He ________ to do so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A. will expect B. is expected C. has expected D. was expected
16.Two hundred dollars ________ a large sum of money. We can spend over two days.
A.am B.is C.are D.was
17.______ of the students in this school is over 2 000, and______ of them are girls.
A. The number;a number B. A number;the number
C.A number;a number D. The number;the number
18.The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A. is; three fifth B. is; three fifths C. are; three fifth D. are; three fifths
19.Not only May but also her brother ______ in the Party for years. They love the Party very much.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
20.The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them ________ about science.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案以及解析
单选题
1.答案:D
解析:根据"It is so noisy in next door."(隔壁太吵了。)可知,应说李先生正在和他的家人和亲戚为他的女儿举行一个生日聚会,描述正在进行的动作,用现在进行时"am/is/are+动词现在分词",主语为"Mr.Li",be动词用is。故选:D
2.答案:B
解析:前句中if引导宾语从句,意思是"是否",结合句意和时间状语tonight可知,要用一般将来时。后句中if引导条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。主语he是第三人称单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式finishes。故选: B。
3.答案:D
解析:句意:有两条路,其中一条通向车站。本句陈述事实,故为一般现在时,代词either作主语,谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。故选D。
4.答案:B
解析:考查动词时态。根据“How long is it since he...this school ”可知,设空处动作发生在过去,第一空应用过去式left;根据“...for three years”可知,本句时态为现在完成时,且动词应用延续性动词,所以第二空填写has been away。故选B。
5.答案:C
解析:have been to曾去过某地;have gone to已经去了某地;have been in待在某地;have been away已经离开某地。根据"So I live with my uncle these days"可知,父母现在在天津出差,故排除选项A和D。根据"for a whole week"可知,此处表示一段时间,不能用瞬间动词,故排除B。故选: C。
6.答案:B
解析:从The sky is covered with black clouds判断后面说的是将要下雨,使用一般将来时,使用be going to结构。故选: B。
7.答案:B
解析:前句中if引导宾语从句,意思是"是否",结合时间状语this evening(今晚)可知,事情还未发生,第一空要用一般将来时,排除选项C;后句中if引导条件状语从句,意思是"如果",主语是一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时,再排除选项A。故选: B。
8.答案:C
解析:考查动词时态以及延续性动词。for+一段时间,要与现在完成时连用,排除A选项。且动词要用延续性动词,die是短暂性动词,be dead是延续性动词,故选C。
9.答案:C
解析:recycle回收(动词原形);recycled回收(一般过去时);were recycled回收(一般过去时的被动语态);will recycle回收(一般将来时)。根据题干可知,空前主语they指代"塑料瓶",和谓语recycle之间是被动关系,根据gave可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为was/were done。故选: C。
10.答案:D
解析:replace取代。A.一般过去时主动语态;B.一般将来时主动语态;C.一般过去时被动语态;D.一般将来时被动语态。主语paper books是动作的承受者,用被动语态,由in the near future(在不久的将来)可知时态是一般将来时。故选:D。
11.答案:B
解析:根据句意可知,此处要表达“被鼓励”这一含义,所以此处要用被动语态,其构成“be+过去分词”,因为空前有情态动词should,所以此处应填be encouraged。A.encourage鼓励,B.be encouraged被鼓励,C.be encouraging 正在鼓励,D.encouraged鼓励。故选B。
12.答案:D
解析:A. are produced生产,一般现在时的被动语态;B. were produced一般过去时的被动语态;C. will be produced一般将来时的被动语态;D.have been produced现在完成时态的被动语态;主语"tons of robots"(很多机器人)和谓语"produce"(生产)之间是被动关系,根据"by now"(到目前为止)提示应使用现在完成时的被动语态"have been produced"。故选: D。
13.答案:D
解析:考查时态和语态。句意为:珍妮怎么了 她看起来不开心。她想和她的同桌开个玩笑,但最后她被愚弄了。she与谓语动词fool之间是被动关系,故设空处应该用被动语态;又根据语境,应该用一般过去时。故选D。
14.答案:B
解析:句意:废纸不应该被到处扔。保持我们的城市干净是我们的职责。结合句意,主语waste paper与谓语throw之间是被动关系,位于情态动词shouldn’t后,故用动词原形,故选B。
15.答案:D
解析:考查时态与语态。will expect将期待,一般将来时主动语态;is expected被期待,一般现在时被动语态;has expected已经期待,现在完成时主动语态;was expected被期待,一般过去时被动语态。根据"but he has just hurt his leg.It's impossible now.(但他的腿刚刚受伤了。现在不可能了。)"可知,他现在受伤不可能获得一等奖了,所以"期待获得一等奖"这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时,只有D选项符合题意。故选:D。
16.答案:B
解析:句意:200美元是一大笔钱。我们可以待两天多。考查主谓一致。am是,主语为I;is是,主语为第三人称单数;are是,主语为第二人称或复数;was是,am和is的过去式。根据“Two hundred dollars”可知,时间、距离、钱数等作主语表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数。结合语境可知,句子为一般现在时。故应用is。故选B。
17.答案:A
解析:the number of表示“……的数量”,其后加可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;a number of表示“许多”,其后加可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。故选A项。
18.答案:B
解析:句意:这所学校有五百名学生, 大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”, 后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数, 排除CD; 分数表达为:基数词作分子, 序数词作分母, 除了分子是“1”以外, 其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式, 因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。
19.答案:C
解析:考查主谓一致及时态。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的形式要遵循“就近原则”,即与靠近谓语动词的那个主语保持一致。靠近谓语动词的主语是“her brother”,为第三人称单数形式。根据“for years”是表示一段时间的状语,常和现在完成时态连用,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语“her brother”是第三人称单数,所以助动词用“has”,故选C。
20.答案:C
解析:句意:书店里的书大约有一万本,其中许多是科学方面的。考查主谓一致。a number of“许多”,修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数,排除A、B;根据“The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and”可知原句是一般现在时,be动词用are,故选C。

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