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2025届中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破：考点九 非谓语动词
一、高频考点
现在分词
1. 现在分词独立结构
现在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语。现在分词独立结构常用作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。
(1) 表时间：
The question being settled, we went home.
(2) 表原因：
It being a holiday, I went fishing.
(3) 表条件：
Weather permitting, we'll have an outing tomorrow. 要是天气允许的话，我们明天就去郊游。
(4) 表方式或伴随情况：
The teacher came in, his hand carrying a book.
(5) 现在分词独立结构有时可由介词with或without引导：
She came without anyone accompanying her.
3. 现在分词的一般式
(1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生：
She sat there reading a novel.
(2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生：
Going into the room, he shut the door.
4. 现在分词（短语）作状语
(1) 现在分词（短语）作时间状语
While crossing the street, you must be careful.(=while you cross the street.)
现在分词（短语）强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，前面可带 when, while, after, before, since 等从属连词：
When visiting a strange city，I like to have a guide-book with me.
(2) 现在分词（短语）作原因状语
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.(=because he was ill)
(3) 现在分词（短语）作结果状语
Jane fell off the bike, cutting her leg.
(4) 现在分词（短语）作条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed.
过去分词
1. 过去分词（短语）作表语
I am convinced of his honesty.
Are you satisfied that I am telling the truth
2.过去分词（短语）作定语
(1) 单个的过去分词作定语时通常前置。及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义：
the unexpected loss 意外损失 a complicated problem 复杂问题
changed conditions 改变了的情况 canned food 罐装食品
(2) 不及物动词的过去分词具有主动和完成意义：
fallen leaves 落叶 faded flowers 凋谢的花
the risen sun 升起的太阳 a retired teacher 退休教师
(3) 过去分词短语作定语时通常后置，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但比从句简洁，多用于书面语：
The concert given by the symphony was a great success.
(4) 以“名词+过去分词”或“副词+过去分词”组成的复合形容词作前置定语：
state-owned enterprises 国有企业
a poverty-stricken place 贫穷的地方
quick-frozen food 速冻食品
a much-needed reform 急需进行的改革
3. 过去分词（短语）作状语
(1) 过去分词（短语）作时间状语
When heated, ice will be changed into water. (=when it is heated)
(2) 过去分词（短语）作原因状语
Many of us, being so excited, could not go to sleep that night.(=because we were so excited)
(3) 过去分词（短语）作条件状语
Given better attention, the cabbages could grow even faster.
(4) 过去分词（短语）作让步状语
Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey.
(5) 过去分词（短语）作方式状语
I finished the work as requested.
(6) 过去分词（短语）作伴随状语
He went to work, burdened with worries.
不定式
1. 不定式（短语）作主语
不定式作主语时既可位于句首，又可用先行词 it 作形式主语。
To improve our teaching method is very important.
2. 不定式（短语）作表语
His ambition is to become a successful scientist.
3. 不定式（短语)作动词宾语
(1) 有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：
afford 担负得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求 attempt 试图
beg 乞求 begin 开始 care 介意 choose 愿意 claim 声称
consent同意 continue继续 contrive发明 dare 敢 decide决定
decline谢绝 demand要求 deserve 值得 desire希望 determine决心
endeavor尽力 expect期望 fail未能 fear害怕 forget忘记
guarantee 保证 happen 碰巧 help 帮助 hesitate犹豫 hope希望
(2) 疑问词+动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
ask 询问 consider 考虑 decide 决定 discover 发现
discuss 讨论 explain 解释 find out 查明 forget 忘记
inquire 打听 know 知道 learn 学会 remember 记得
show 演示 tell 说出 think 考虑 understand 懂得
(3) 不定式（短语）作复合宾语中的宾语：
不定式（短语）在consider，find，make，regard，think等动词后作复合宾语中的宾语时，通常用先行词it作形式宾语：I find it interesting to study English.
4.不定式（短语）作介词宾语
不定式（短语）作介词宾语主要用于作介词except和but的宾语：The old man's son did nothing but play games.
5. 不定式（短语）作宾语补足语
(1) 动词不定式可用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：
advise 劝告 allow 允许 ask 要求 beg 请求
cause 促使 compel 强迫 convince 使信服 command 指挥
direct 指导 enable 使能够 encourage 鼓励 expect 期望
feel 觉得 force 迫使 get 使得 hate 不喜欢
have 使 hear 听见 help 帮助 hire 雇请
inspire 鼓舞 intend 打算要 invite 邀请 instruct 指示
(2) 在feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等动词后面，复合宾语中动词不定式的标记 to 通常被省略。动词 help 后的不定式的 to 可以省去，也可以保留。
I saw her enter the cinema.
6. 不定式（短语）作主语补足语
(1) 要求不定式作宾语补足语的大部分动词（have，let，notice，watch 等除外）都可以作被动句中的谓语。
The room was found to be empty.
(2) 不定式（短语）在“主—动—that从句”的被动句中作主语补足语。
It is reported to be true.
7. 不定式（短语）作形容词补语
有不少形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）可后接不定式。
I am very glad to see you.
二、考点分布情况
单项选择：考查非谓语动词最常见的题型之一。在单项选择题中，通常会考查动词不定式、动名词和分词在不同语境中的用法 。
完形填空：在完形填空题中，偶尔会涉及非谓语动词的用法考查。主要是通过上下文语境，判断应该使用哪种非谓语动词形式来使句子意思完整、语法正确。
语法填空：直接考查学生对非谓语动词形式的正确运用。可能会给出一个动词原形，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，将其变为合适的非谓语动词形式，如 to do、doing 或 done。
写作题：学生在写作过程中，如果能够正确、灵活地运用非谓语动词，可以使文章的句式更加丰富、语言更加地道。
三、考查方向
语法规则的准确运用：中考注重考查学生对非谓语动词基本语法规则的掌握程度。
固定搭配的记忆与识别：通过各种题型考查学生对动词后接非谓语动词固定搭配的记忆情况。在写作中，也要求学生能正确运用这些固定搭配来表达。
语境理解与逻辑判断：给出具体语境，要求学生根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的非谓语动词形式。
非谓语动词之间的辨析：考查学生对动词不定式、动名词和分词之间用法差异的理解。
习题：
单选题
1. —Do you know the women ______ clothes by the river
—I have no idea.
A. washing B. washed C. to wash D. washes
2. —Look at the photo. What can you see
—I can see some people ________ on the beach.
A. lie B. lies C. lying D. are lying
3. The twins spent the whole afternoon ________ the model plane.
A. to make B. making C. made D. makes
4. All the volunteers were busy cheering up the kids ________ they heard a woman ________ “help”.
A. when; shouting B. while; shouting C. when; to shout D. while; to shout
5. —It's a waste of water to leave the tap _____.
—Right. We should do what we can _____ water.
A. to run; to save B. run; to save C. running; save D. running; to save
6. There may be many people________ in the park.
A. dance B. dances C. to dance D. dancing
7. —What happened, Lucy What made you ________
—My English is poor. I can’t make myself ________.
A. happy; understand B. unhappy; understood
C. unhappy; understanded D. happy; undersdood
8. Our TV doesn’t work at all. I’m going to get it ________.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
9. —How do you learn English
—By ________ a lot.
A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read
10. My father kept on ________ although he was tired.
A. work B. works C. working D. to work
11. I get used to ________ down the notes, so I can find some important points after class.
A. to write B. writing C. write D. writes
12. —Would you mind not ________ in the library It is forbidden.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. smoke B. to smoking C. to smoke D. smoking
13. As we know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and_________ them.
A. creating B. behaving C. connecting D. correcting
14. People are not allowed_______in the cinema，but they will allow_______in the rest room.
A. to smoke, smoke
B. smoking, to smoke
C. to smoke, smoking
15. In 1938, Dr Bethune came to China ________ the Chinese people and died for them.
A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help
16. Once, the doctor worked for sixty-nine hours without stopping and managed ____over a hundred lives.
A. to saving B. saving C. save D. to save
17. —I think the classroom needs ________.
—Well, you are right. We’ll do what we can ________ the classroom tidy and clean.
A. clean, keep B. to clean, to keep
C. cleaning, keeping D. cleaning, to keep
18. —Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from _______ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember _______ the school rules.
A. swim; to follow B. swim; following
C. swimming; following D. swimming; to follow
19. The film Manjianghong showed this spring was shown ________ not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ________ love home and country.
A. remember; where B. to remember; who
C. remembering; which D. remembered; what
20. ________the quality of PE classes, some schools put smart technology into use.
A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Improved
答案以及解析
单选题
1.答案：A
解析：考查现在分词作定语。washing洗，现在分词;washed过去分词，洗完了的;to wash洗，to do不定式;washes洗，动词三单。空前的“women”与“wash”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰“women”，表示“在洗衣服的妇女”。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：句意：——看这张照片。你能看到什么？——我可以看到一些人躺在海滩上。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I can see some people...on the beach”可知是看到一些人正躺在海滩上，用结构see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。
4.答案：A
解析：考查连词辨析和非谓语动词。when当……时，引导的时间状语从句，其谓语可用延续性或非延续性动词;while在……期间，引导的时间状语从句，其谓语常用延续性动词。从句谓语"heard"在此是非延续动词，应用when;根据"they heard a woman..."help" (他们听到一个女人……"救命"。)可知此处应是听到一个女人正在呼救，因而应用hear sb. doing sth.表示"听到某人正在做某事"。故选:A.
5.答案：D
解析：句意:—让水龙头一直开着是浪费水的。—是的。我们应该做我们所能做的来节约用水。第一空考查"leave sth.＋宾语补足语"结构,第二空考查动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。
6.答案：D
解析：dance跳舞，动词原形；to dance不定式。There be sb doing sth."有某人正在做某事，填现在分词dancing。故选：D。
7.答案：B
解析：句意:一发生什么事了,露西 什么让你不开心 —我的英语很差。我无法让别人明白我的意思。考查形容词辨析和非谓语。happy开心的;unhappy不开心的。根据"My English is poor."可知,露西因英语差而不开心,且无法让自己被明白,unhappy符合题意,排除选项A和D; "make+sb.+done"表示"使某人(被) ......", understand的过去分词是understood。故选B。
8.答案：D
解析：句意：我们的电视机根本不能用。我要去修一下。考查非谓语动词。repair修理，动词原形；to repair修理，动词不定式；repairing修理，动名词；repaired修理，过去分词。it代指电视，与动词repair为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用get sth. done“完成某事”，故选D。
9.答案：B
解析：考查动名词作介词宾语。你是怎么学英语的 通过多读。“By”是介词,其后动词要用-ing 形式,故选B。
10.答案：C
解析：keep on doing sth.指坚持做某事，符合题意，答案选C.A项是动词原形;B项是动词单数第三人称;D项是动词不定式。
11.答案：B
解析：考查动名词作宾语。根据“I get used to...down the notes, so I can find some important points after class.”可知，get used to中的to是介词，所以后面应该接动名词做宾语。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：考查动名词。mind介意，后接动名词作宾语。Would you mind doing sth. 表示“你介意做某事吗 ”，否定形式为“Would you mind not doing sth. ”表示“你不介意做某事吗 ”。故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：考查动名词。根据by making mistakes and ______them，这里and前后动词的形式应该是一致的，这里放在by后面用动名词形式。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：be allowed to do sth，表示允许某人做某事，而allow doing sth，表示允许做某事，故选C
15.答案：C
解析：A.动名词;B.过去式;C.不定式;D.动词原形。根据句意:1938年，白求恩医生来到中国帮助中国人民，并为他们献出了生命。此处是不定式表目的。故选: C。
16.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:有一次,这位医生连续工作了六十九个小时,挽救了一百多条生命。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,强调结果，后接动词不定式;save意为“拯救”,动词。故选D。
17.答案：D
解析：考查被动语态和非谓语动词。第一空为need doing“需要被做”，含有被动含义，相当于need to be done;第二空应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。
18.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth."阻止某人做某事"，动名词作宾语，排除AB; remember to do sth. "记得要做某事"，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”;根据"Kids must remember...the school rules"可知是记得要遵守规则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。故选D。
19.答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词及定语从句关系词。根据"...not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ... love home and country"可知第一空表示电影上映的目的，用动词不定式to remember作目的状语;"... love home and country"是定语从句，先行词"not only Yue Fei, but also all common people"指人，用who引导定语从句。故选B。
20.答案：B
解析：句意：为了提高体育课的质量, 一些学校使用了智能技术。考查非谓语。根据“the quality of PE classe”可知, 为了提高体育课的质量, 学校使用了智能技术, 动词不定式作目的状语, 故选B。

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