2025届中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点十 简单句和特殊句式(含解析)

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2025届中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点十 简单句和特殊句式(含解析)

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2025届中考英语二轮复习高频考点突破:考点十 简单句和特殊句式
一、高频考点
简单句——5种基本句型
主语+谓语 He laughed.
主语+谓语+宾语 Lily eats breakfast.
主语+系动词+表语 Tom is a student.
主语+谓语+双宾语 Give me a cup of tea, please.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 I saw a cat running across the road.
陈述句
肯定句 We have finished our homework.
否定句 They won't go to Shanghai next week.
疑问句
一般疑问句
—Can you swim —Yes, I can.
—Have you finished your work —Yes, I have.
—Is this your pen —Yes, it is.
特殊疑问句
常见的疑问词有what, who, whose, when, where, why, how等;以how开头的how many, how much, how old等,以及以what开头的what colour, what year, what class等。
How many do you need
Who can answer this question
反意疑问句
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he
选择疑问句
Are you a teacher or a student
Which is bigger, Beijing or New York
感叹句
what引导
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)
What +形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a beautiful house!=How beautiful the house is!
how引导
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How fast time goes!
含不可数名词的感叹句
常考的不可数名词还有:news, advice, air, work, information, fun, advice, weather, fun, music, traffic, food, knowledge, furniture, progress等。
What useful information!
不可数名词的感叹句与固定词组搭配。
类似词组:
have great fun doing做某事玩得开心
have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难
祈使句
动词原形+其他:Stand up, please. = Please stand up.
Be + n./adj.:Be careful! = Take care!
Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分:Let me help you.
Don't + 动词原形:Don't be careless.
Let型:“Don't + let +宾语 动词原形+其它成分”和“Let +宾语+ not + 动词原形+其它成分”:Don't let him go. / Let him not go.
no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句:No smoking!
强调句:
It is /was+被强调的部分+that/who引导的从句+原句其他部分。
Is / Was +it+被强调的部分+that/ who/ whom引导的从句+原句其他的部分。
特殊疑问词(When /Where/ Why/ Who/ What/ How )+is/ was +it +that从句+原句的其他部分。
倒装句
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语结构(肯)
Lucy is a good student. So is Lily.
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语(否)
Mary didn't watch TV last night. Neither did Jim.
There be句型
(1)在there be句型中,当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词be的形式要与离它最近的名词的数保持一致,遵循“就近原则”。
There is a teacher and many students in the classroom.
(2)不定代词在there be句型中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。
There is nothing in the fridge.
(3)There be +sb. +doing sth. 表示“某人在做某事”。
There are several children swimming in the river.
以副词开头引起的倒装句:在以here,here,out,in,down,away等副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句,谓语动词的单复数形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。
Here are some flowers.
表示否定意义的词如little, hardly, seldom, never等放在句首,句子用部分倒装。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
“not only … but also” 链接两个分句,not only位于句首时,需将not only所在的分句倒装。
Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.
“only+状语”位语句首时要倒装。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
二、往年考点分布情况
单项选择:常考简单句基本句型的结构辨析,如给出不同成分的句子,让学生判断属于哪种句型。对于 there be 句型,考查 be 动词的单复数形式选择,以及与 have/has 的区别。感叹句的考查集中在 What 和 How 引导的感叹句结构选择;祈使句主要考查肯定和否定形式的运用;反意疑问句考查陈述部分与附加疑问句的搭配规则,以及对否定意义词的处理。倒装句考查完全倒装和部分倒装的适用场景及结构。
完形填空:在文章叙述过程中,考查简单句的正确运用,要结合上下文语境判断句子结构是否正确。例如在描述人物行为、事件发生等场景时,正确使用合适的简单句句型。对于特殊句式,在一些表达情感、命令、疑问等语境中可能出现,如通过感叹句表达惊讶,通过祈使句发出指令等。
书面表达:学生需要正确运用简单句来清晰表达自己的意思,合理使用特殊句式来丰富文章表达。比如用感叹句增强语气,用祈使句提出建议或要求。同时要确保句子结构正确,否则会影响文章质量和得分。
三、考查方向
句型结构的准确判断与运用:中考注重考查学生能否根据句子成分和表达意图准确判断简单句的句型结构,并正确运用。
语境理解与逻辑表达:给出具体语境,让学生根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的简单句或特殊句式。
固定搭配与习惯用法:考查简单句和特殊句式中的一些固定搭配和习惯用法。
句子转换与灵活运用:有时会考查简单句和特殊句式之间的转换,以及在不同语境下的灵活运用。
习题:
单选题
1. —Does your brother______ a ping-pong bat
—Yes, he______.
A. has; does B. have; has
C. have; does D. has; have
2. —Is there a cinema around the old street
—________ . I often watch movies there.
A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there are D. No, there aren’t
3. — Must I do my homework at once
— No, you__________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. Mustn’t B. don’t C. don’t have to D. don’t must
4. —What does your sister look like
—She ________ tall or short, and she ________ long hair.
A. is; isn’t B. isn’t; is C. is; has D. isn’t; has
5. —______ will you return from America
—In one month.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How much
6. —________ does Awakening of Insects usually last
—Probably from March 5 to March 6.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much
7. —_____ do you prefer, swimming or cycling
—I like cycling better.
A. What B. Which C. When D. How
8. —Do you like listening to music or playing chess
—________. It makes me relaxed.
A. Yes, I like listening to music
B. No, I don’t like playing chess
C. Listening to music
9. His father could hardly walk any more, _______
A. Does he B. Doesn’t he C. could he D. couldn’t he
10. —There is a beautiful park near your school, _______
—Yes. I often go walking there.
is there B. isn’t there C. are there D. aren’t there
11. There is something wrong with your bike, ________
A. is there B. is it C. isn’t there D. isn’t it
12. Hold on to your dream, ________ you might regret some day.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
13. ________ into the rock circle, and you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body.
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walk D. Walked
14. ________ more time with you family, and you will feel the happiness around you.
A. Spend B. Spending C. To spend D. Spent
15. —________ day it is!
—Let’s go out and enjoy the nice weather.
A. What a lovely B. What lovely C. How lovely D. How a lovely
16. —All of my classmates have passed the English test.
—________ exciting the news is
A. How B. How a C. What
17. Here ______ two nice photos of my dog.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
18. —Will your sister go to Hainan this summer
— If I don’t go, _______.
A. so will she B. so does she
C. neither will she D. neither does she
19. —Boys and girls! Please be careful!
—_____
A. Here comes a bus B. There comes a bus
C. Here a bus comes D. There a bus comes
20. I think there ________ fewer cars and more buses in the future.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. will be
答案以及解析
单选题
1.答案:C
解析:句意为: ——你哥哥有乒乓球拍吗 ——是的,他有。由第一空前的Does可知,第一空应用动词原形,回答应用助动词does,故选C项。
2.答案:A
解析:句意:——老街附近有电影院吗?——是的,有。我经常在那里看电影。考查there be的一般疑问句的回答。根据“I often watch movies there.”可知,附近有电影院,所以做肯定回答,“Is there... ”开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, there is.”,故选A。
3.答案:C
解析:根据No和You may do it tomorrow.可知下面为否定回答,must的含义是必须一定,其否定形式mustn't表示禁止的含义.在这里不是禁止的意思.must的否定回答一般可借助于needn't和don't have to来构成,表示不必.故选C.
4.答案:D
解析:句意:——你姐姐长什么样?——她不高也不矮,而且留着长发。考查谓语动词。is是;isn’t不是;has有,have的三单形式。根据句中“tall or short”为形容词短语,其中or用于否定句或疑问句,可知本句为否定句,使用isn’t;表示某人有一头长发,主语是she,应使用动词has。故选D。
5.答案:A
解析:考查疑问词辨析。A项(多久),提问in+一段时间;B项(多远),提问距离;C项(多久),提问for+一段时间;D项(多少),提问不可数名词的数量或者提问价钱,结合题干答语,in one month(在一个月后),可知与一般将来时态连用,问句应该提问“多久回来”,故答案为:A。
6.答案: A
解析:句意:——惊蛰通常会持续多久?——大概从三月五日到三月六日。考查特殊疑问词。How long多长时间;How soon多久以后;How often多久一次;How much多少或多少钱。根据“Probably from March 5 to March 6.”, 可知提问多长时间。故选A。
7.答案:B
解析:问句中要求在两者之中挑选,故用which。故选B。
8.答案:C
解析:Yes, I like listening to music是的,我喜欢听音乐;No, I don't like playing chess不,我不喜欢下棋;Listening to music听音乐。根据Do you like listening to music or playing chess (你喜欢听音乐还是下棋 )可知,是选择疑问句,应根据实际情况回答。根据It makes me relaxed.(它让我放松。)可知,此处是说"听音乐。"故选:C。
9.答案:C
解析:句子前半部分是含有情态动词could的否定句。反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”的原则。因此,此处应填入could he。
10.答案:B
解析:考查反意疑问句:句意:-在你们学校附近有一个美丽的公园,是吗 -是的:我经常去那里散步:可知反意疑问句要求:前肯定,后否定,或者前否定后肯定,前后人称和时态都要保持一致:由题干中的There is可知,后面也用there,be动词用is:前面句子是肯定句,后面用否定形式。故选:B
11.答案:C
解析:句意:你的自行车有点问题,对吧?考查反意疑问句。陈述部分为there be结构时,则反意疑问句部分用be(not)there,本句前面是肯定陈述句,所以反意疑问句用否定问句,所以用isn’t there。故选C。
12.答案:B
解析:考查连词辨析和祈使句。and和;or或者,否则;but但是。根据题干可知,此处是结构“祈使句+or+陈述句”,表示要坚持你的梦想,否则有一天你会后悔的。故选B。
13.答案:C
解析:该题考查祈使句,需要使用动词原形开头。句子中"and you can feel the energy..."是一个完整的句子,前面部分应为祈使句,建议或命令进行某个动作。因此,正确答案为C. Walk,构成祈使句"Walk into the rock circle..."。
14.答案:A
解析:该句为祈使句,需要动词原形开头。选项A "Spend" 为动词原形,符合祈使句结构,因此答案为A。
15.答案:A
解析:英语中的感叹句要由what和how来引导,其句型是:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+其他!根据所给的单词,形容词是lovely,名词day(天)可数名词单数,应用what来引导感叹句,lovely以辅音音素开头,这里加冠词a。故选:A。
16.答案:A
解析:该题考查感叹句的构成。感叹句的结构为“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”或“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语”。题目中句子结构符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”,因此正确答案为 A. How。
17.答案:B
解析:此句是一个倒装句,根据句中的主语 photos可知be动词用are。
18.答案:C
解析:考查倒装句。此处是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态,这里是缺少主句,用一般将来时,排除BD;这里是表示否定意义,用“neither+助动词+主语”结构,一般将来时助动词用will。主语用she来代替your sister,排除A。故选C。
19.答案:A
解析:以here, there开头的句子常用倒装语序, 由语境可知是“汽车来了”。故选A。
20.答案:D
解析:there be句型“有”的意思,不与have 连用。首先排除AB选项。is going to be强调人为的打算,表示近期,眼下要发生的事情;will表示客观事实,表示将来的时间会远一些。根据句意可知。是对将来的一种预测,时间则远一些,使用there will be。故选D。

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