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初中英语八年级下册期末复习讲义
一、核心知识点讲解与例题（18个重点）
1. 现在完成时（重点）
讲解：表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续状态，结构：have/has + 过去分词，常与already, yet, ever, never, since, for连用。
例题：
—______ you ______ (finish) your homework
—Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. Have; finished; finished
B. Did; finish; have finished
答案：A
解析：第一空用现在完成时询问是否完成（强调结果），第二空用一般过去时说明具体完成时间。
2. 被动语态（结构+时态）
讲解：be + 过去分词，注意不同时态的被动形式（如一般现在时：am/is/are + done）。
例题：The novel ______ (translate) into 30 languages so far.
答案：has been translated
解析：so far（迄今为止）需用现在完成时的被动语态。
3. 条件状语从句（if/unless）
讲解：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表条件。
例题：If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we ______ (cancel) the picnic.
答案：rains; will cancel
解析：遵循“主将从现”原则。
4. 动词不定式作目的状语
讲解：to do 表目的，可替换为in order to/so as to。
例题：He got up early ______ catch the first bus.
A. so that B. to C. because
答案：B
解析：to catch表目的，so that后需接从句。
5. 比较级与最高级（特殊形式）
讲解：far/much修饰比较级（e.g. much bigger）；"one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"。
例题：The Yangtze River is ______ river in China.
A. the longest B. longer C. longest
答案：A
解析：最高级前必须加the。
（知识点6-18涵盖过去进行时、让步状语从句、情态动词表推测、反意疑问句、直接引语转间接引语等，每个知识点配1-2道例题）
二、阅读理解高分技巧
1. 四大题型解题策略
细节题：定位原文（圈出题干关键词如数字、专有名词）。
例题：How many students joined the club last year
解析：快速扫描文中数字（如"In 2023, 48 students signed up"）。
推理题：结合上下文逻辑（关注but/however后的转折内容）。
例题：What can we infer about the teacher
解析：根据"She praised the team even though they failed"推断老师的态度是“鼓励的”。
词义猜测题：通过举例或同义替换理解生词。
例题：The word "exhausted" in Paragraph 3 means ______.
解析：后文"they worked for 12 hours without rest"提示“精疲力竭”。
主旨题：总结首尾段及反复出现的关键词。
例题：What is the main purpose of the passage
解析：首段末句"protecting wildlife is urgent"点明主题。
2. 实战训练（附解析）
Passage（节选）：
"Many animals lose their homes because of deforestation. For example, orangutans in Indonesia are in danger as forests disappear..."
Q: Why are orangutans in danger
A. Lack of food B. Loss of habitat C. Climate change
答案：B
解析：原文明确提到"lose their homes because of deforestation"（森林砍伐导致栖息地丧失）。
三、写作提分指南
1. 高分作文三要素
结构清晰：三段式（引入→主体→结论）。
句式丰富：使用定语从句（who/which）、状语从句（if/although）、强调句（It is... that）。
衔接自然：使用过渡词（Firstly, Moreover, In conclusion）。
2. 常考文体模板
① 观点对比类作文
模板：
Some think... because... However, others believe... In my opinion...
② 问题解决类作文
模板：
Nowadays,... has become a serious problem. To solve it, we can... Firstly,... Secondly,...
3. 真题范文（批注版）
题目：Should students use smartphones at school
范文：
"Some students think smartphones are helpful for studying because they can search information online. However, teachers worry they may distract students. In my view, we should use phones only during breaks. For example, listening to English podcasts can improve our skills. Let’s make good use of technology!"
批注：
使用对比结构（Some... However...）
提出具体建议（use... during breaks）
呼吁句结尾增强说服力
四、易错题强化训练
时态混淆：
By the time we arrived, the movie ______ (begin).
答案：had begun
解析：“过去的过去”用过去完成时。
被动语态结构：
The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting next Monday.
答案：will be discussed
解析：将来时的被动语态结构为will be + 过去分词。
附录：
不规则动词分类表（含80个高频词，如：write-wrote-written）
阅读高频主题词汇：环境类：recycle, pollution, renewable energy
科技类：artificial intelligence, digital, screen
写作万能句型：引出观点：It is widely believed that...
总结句：All in all, every effort counts.
本讲义覆盖八年级下册全部核心考点（Units 1-10），建议每日复习：
语法：2个知识点+对应例题
阅读：1篇真题训练+错题分析
写作：仿写1篇范文（重点运用复杂句式和连接词）
考前冲刺阶段重点突破：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时、长难句分析及作文结构优化。
闯关演练
一、单项选择
1．—You made too many mistakes in your writing.
—Sorry, I was ________ when doing my homework.
A．worried B．careless C．crazy
2．The characters of the cartoons are ________ on bags, desks and so on.
A．anywhere B．everywhere C．somewhere
3．She once worked for a News website and the ________ helped her get a job of a TV reporter.
A．situation B．experience C．journey
4．—_________ did you _________ the movie I Am What I Am
—I was so touched by the lion boys.
What; think of B．How; think of
C．What; think over D．How; think over
5．—Is the girl really that woman’s daughter She doesn’t take ________ the woman at all.
—But she is. She looks ________ her father.
A．like; after B．after; like C．after; after D．like; like
6．—We can always find something good in a bad ________ if we look for it.
—It’s so true. Let’s make full use of what comes.
A．situation B．communication C．decision D．control
7．My parents didn’t allow me ________ on the phone for too long.
A．play B．to play C．plays D．played
8．Many Chinese parents find it difficult to find a ________ way to help their children to get good grades.
A．wrong B．strong C．proper D．terrible
9．—What are they doing
—They are discussing what to ________ to the school in the poor mountain village.
A．give up B．give away C．give out D．give back
10．When in Beijing, you’d better visit some famous hutongs ________ you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
A．as soon as B．although C．until D．so that
二、完形填空
It was early August. Jerry was at the same summer camp for a month. He didn’t like it and couldn’t 11 September when school would start.
He wrote to his mom and asked her 12 she would pick him up early, but he didn’t want his mom to tell his 13 . She answered, “I can’t do that. I am always 14 with your dad. If you really want to leave, I will talk to him about it.”
Jerry was 15 about making his dad sad, so he promised that he would stay for the last two weeks and 16 to make the best of it. He asked his mom to make his favorite meal when he got 17 .
During the last week, every time he ate a camp meal, he 18 he was eating his mom’s cooking. 19 , the food didn’t taste as bad. When he went horse-riding, he 20 the advisor（顾问）that he wasn’t comfortable with the horse. Then he had another one, 21 he started to like horse riding. As for 22 , he told his advisor that he would like to try sitting in the stern（船尾）. 23 he was able to take on the role of the stern paddler（桨手）, he started to enjoy boating.
When Jerry’s parents came to 24 him up, he said to them, “This was the 25 summer at camp ever.”
11．A．think of B．wait for C．care about D．look for
12．A．if B．when C．why D．where
13．A．driver B．friend C．dad D．advisor
14．A．patient B．strict C．pleased D．honest
15．A．serious B．worried C．happy D．mad
16．A．prefer B．hate C．try D．refuse
17．A．around B．away C．along D．home
18．A．hoped B．imagined C．remembered D．wondered
19．A．Luckily B．Still C．Suddenly D．Besides
20．A．warned B．told C．taught D．showed
21．A．and B．but C．or D．for
22．A．riding B．boating C．cooking D．camping
23．A．Although B．Before C．Unless D．Once
24．A．put B．cheer C．give D．pick
25．A．hottest B．busiest C．best D．longest
三、阅读理解
Every year Nichole goes to the country for some time. She stays at her uncle’s farm and helps him. She is busy but she likes it because she loves to work with her cousin Macy.
Every morning she wakes up at 6 o’clock, first she collects the eggs and feeds the chickens with her aunt, then she has breakfast at 7:30 and after breakfast, she helps her uncle water the vegetables for an hour.
After that, she can’t wait to spend time with her cousin Macy. They always have a great time together. They climb trees, pick fruits and flowers. They love being outdoors. They come back home before dark and get ready for dinner. After dinner, they go out and feed the animals, which they love most. Before they go to bed, they watch TV for a little bit or read books. Tired, they fall asleep quickly, but always with sweet smiles on their faces.
26．Where does Nichole go every year ________
A．A local zoo. B．Her uncle’s farm. C．A nature park. D．Her country house.
27．When is Nichole probably watering the vegetables in the morning ________
A．At 6:00. B．At 7:00. C．At 7:30. D．At 9:00.
28．What's Nichole's favorite activity with Macy ________
A．Climbing trees. B．Watching TV. C．Picking fruits and flowers. D．Feeding the animals.
29．How does Nichole most probably feel at the end of the day ________
A．Hungry but active. B．Tired but happy.
C．Sleepy but excited. D．Painful but relaxed.
On Thursday, Uncle Max called Tom, “Tom, I was wondering if you’d like to go camping with me this weekend.”
Tom said, “I’m not sure, Uncle Max. Why do you want to go camping ”
“Well, I am going to write a story about endangered animals for the paper. I think it will help with my writing if I go up to the mountains. I just won’t get a feel for nature if I stay in my apartment in the city.”
“Sure, I’ll go with you,” Tom said, “Don’t forget your camera.”
“I won’t.” Uncle Max smiled.
On Saturday morning, Uncle Max and Tom got an early start. After they put up the tent, they sat down to relax. “It seems hard to believe that animals could be in danger in place as beautiful as this,” Tom said.
“You’re right,” Uncle Max said. “That’s why my story is so important. In the past, uncontrolled hunting (捕猎) was the main reason for animal extinction (灭绝). But now, many wild animals in our country are protected by laws. These laws limit hunting.”
“Why are some animals in danger now ” Tom asked.
“Some of their homes are destroyed (破坏) by pollution. Also, the land is used for homes, farms, and highways. That leaves fewer places for animals to live. So some land has to be left as national parks for wildlife,” said Uncle Max.
“I’m glad you invited me,” Tom said. “I just didn’t know how much animals depend on us. I think your story will help all of us.”
30．Why did Uncle Max go camping ________
A．To relax. B．To exercise.
C．To help with his writing. D．To take photos of nature.
31．What does the underlined word “limit” in Paragraph 7 mean in Chinese ________
A．限制 B．接受 C．解决 D．鼓励
32．In Uncle Max’s opinion, why are some animals in danger now ________
A．Because people hunt them a lot. B．Because they can’t find enough food.
C．Because their health is destroyed by pollution. D．Because there are fewer places for them to live.
33．What did Tom think of the story Uncle Max would write ________
A．Perfect. B．Helpful. C．Successful. D．Humorous.
34．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article ________
A．To show how to write a story. B．To tell how to build national parks.
C．To advise people to go camping on weekends. D．To encourage us to protect endangered animals.
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B B B A B A B C B D
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B A C D B C D B A B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A B D D C B D D B C
题号 31 32 33 34
答案 A D B D
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