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译林英语 语法讲义
译林英语6B语法讲义之副词（附练习与解析）
一、副词的定义与分类
定义：副词是修饰动词（如run quickly）、形容词（如very tall）、其他副词（如too slowly）或整个句子（如Luckily, I passed the exam.）的词。
分类（表格归纳）：
类型 功能 例词（译林教材相关）
时间副词 表示时间 now, today, soon, yesterday
地点副词 表示地点或方向 here, there, upstairs（在楼上）, outside
方式副词 表示动作方式 happily, carefully, quickly
程度副词 表示程度 very, too, quite（相当）, so（如此）
频率副词 表示频率 always, usually, often, sometimes, never
疑问副词 引导特殊疑问句 when, where, why, how
二、副词的用法（重点）
口诀："动后形前，疑问句首；频率中间，程度紧跟。"
修饰动词 → 放在动词后
例：The lion roared loudly. （狮子大声吼叫。）
例：Bobby laughed happily. （Bobby开心地笑了。）
修饰形容词/副词 → 放在被修饰词前
例：The cake is very delicious. （蛋糕非常美味。）
例：She runs too slowly. （她跑得太慢了。）
频率副词位置 → 实义动词前，be/情态动词后
例：He often plays football. （他经常踢足球。）
例：I am always ready. （我总是准备好了。）
时间/地点/方式副词 → 通常放在句尾
例：We will go to the park tomorrow. （我们明天去公园。）
三、形容词变副词的规则（重难点）
规则表格：
形容词形式 变化规则 例词 译林教材例句
大多数形容词 直接加-ly quick → quickly He ran quickly.
以"辅音+y"结尾 变y为i，加-ly happy → happily She smiled happily.
以-le结尾 去e加-y simple → simply（简单地） Answer simply.
以-e结尾（部分词） 保留e加-ly / 去e加-ly safe →safely true → truly Drive safely. Speak truly.（说实话）
不规则变化 特殊记忆 good → well She sings well.
易错点：
形副同形：fast → fast, early → early, hard → hard，late → late
例：The train runs fast. （副词） / It's a fast train. （形容词）
例：Sam hits the ball hard.（副词）/ The question is too hard.（形容词）
加-ly后意思不同：
hard（努力地） vs. hardly（几乎不）
high（高地） vs. highly（高度地）
late（晚地） vs.lately（最近）
形似副词的形容词：
lovely（可爱的）、friendly（友好的）、lonely（孤独的）是形容词，不可直接作副词。
小贴士：
译林教材重点词：
careful → carefully（Unit 2 Road safety）
loud → loudly（Unit 1 The lion and the mouse）
常见错误： He speaks English good. → He speaks English well.
四、常考形容词变副词总结
happy happily sad sadly
angry angrily brave bravely
quick quickly slow slowly
quiet quietly loud loudly
careful carefully beautiful beautifully
heavy heavily excited excitedly
good well safe safely
strong strongly sudden suddenly
fast fast hard hard
early early late late
自测版：
happy sad
angry brave
quick slow
quiet loud
careful beautiful
heavy excited
good safe
strong sudden
fast hard
early late
考点精练
一、根据上下文提示和首字母填空。
1.The boy pointed at the king and laughed h .
2.The boy hits the ball h .
3. You shouldn't talk l in the library.
4.The baby is sleeping. Please talk q .
5. David is a clever boy. He can finish his homework q .
6. Liu Tao always goes to bed l . It's a bad habit.
7.My mum is standing here a because we make the room messy.
8. I usually get up e and never go to bed l .
9. To cross the road s , you must wait for the green man.
10. My grandpa is too old. He walks s .
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
The students are listening to the teacher ________________ (careful).
The mouse ran away ________________ (quick) when the lion woke up.
She sings ________________ (beautiful) in the music class.
We must cross the road _______________ (safe).
The wind blew ________________ (strong) during the storm.
The children laughed __________________ (excited) at the funny story.
He speaks English ________________ (good) because he practices every day.
The old man walked ________________ (slow) up the stairs.
The rain stopped ________________ (sudden), and the sun came out.
Please get up ________________ (early) tomorrow for the trip.
The girl slipped and fell. She cried ___________(loud) and _________(sad).
The little boy likes playing football. He can play ________________ (good).
The girl is running ________________ (fast).
Be ____________! The floor is wet. You should walk ____________ (careful).
In the library, we should keep ________________ (quiet).
Su Hai and Su Yang are singing and dancing ____________ (happy) at the party.
You're ________________ (real) nice to help us.
It snowed ________________ (heavy) yesterday!
She is a ________________ girl and she dances________________ (beautiful).
He sings ________________(bad). He isn't a good singer.
三、单项选择
( ) Don't go out. It's raining ______.
A. quietly B. heavily C. fast
( ) Look! The bird is flying ______ in the sky.
A. happy B. highly C. high
( )The ______ boy is laughing ______.
A. excitedly; excited B. excited; excitedly C. excited; excited
( ) The boy cried ______. But now he is ______.
A. sad; happy B. sadly; happily C. sadly; happy
( ) I have a good friend. She is ______ to me.
A. friendly B. strong C. excitedly
( ) The old man walked ______.
A. quiet B. slowly C. slows
( ) The lion asked ______, "Who can help me "
A. happy B. sad C. sadly
( ) The lion became ______ and shouted ______.
A. angry; angrily B. sadly; quietly C. angrily; loudly
( ) The question is ______, and I can do it ______.
A. easy; easily B. easily; easily C. easy; easy
( ) My mother also does ______ at home.
A. good B. well C. very good
四、根据上下文、首字母提示及括号内单词的适当形式填空。
Today was Sports Day at Sunshine Primary School. The students arrived at school e____________ in the morning. Everyone was excited!
First, the children lined up（排队） __________________(careful) in the playground. Miss Li ________(say) to them, "Please walk s____________ and f____________ the rules!"
During the race, Tom ran f____________and won first place. His friends cheered h____________ for him. But in the jumping game, Lucy ____________(slip) and____________(fall). She stood up ____________(brave) and finished the game.
After lunch, the sky turned dark. It started raining h____________. The teachers shouted____________(loud), "Go back to your classrooms q____________!"
Suddenly, the rain stopped. The sun came out, and everyone went outside again. The students played games and laughed __________________(excited).
At the end of the day, the principal smiled and said, "You all did w____________today! Sports Day was a success!"
固定搭配：
do well（做得好）
keep quiet（保持安静）
cheer for sb. （为某人喝彩）
考点精练详细解析
一、根据上下文提示和首字母填空
happily（副词修饰动词laughed，规则：happy → happily，辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ly）
hard（形副同形，修饰hits）
loudly（副词修饰talk，直接加-ly）
quietly（副词修饰talk，quiet → quietly）
quickly（副词修饰finish，quick → quickly）
late（形副同形，修饰goes to bed）
angrily（副词修饰is standing，angry → angrily）
early; late（形副同形，修饰get up和go to bed）
safely（副词修饰cross，safe → safely）
slowly（副词修饰walks，slow → slowly）
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
carefully（修饰动词listen，careful → carefully）
quickly（修饰ran，quick → quickly）
beautifully（修饰sings，beautiful → beautifully）
safely（修饰cross，safe → safely）
strongly（修饰blew，strong → strongly）
excitedly（修饰laughed，excited → excitedly）
well（good的副词形式，修饰speaks）
slowly（修饰walked，slow → slowly）
suddenly（sudden → suddenly，双写n加-ly）
early（形副同形，修饰get up）
loudly; sadly（修饰cried，loud → loudly；sad → sadly）
well（修饰play，good → well）
fast（形副同形，修饰is running）
careful; carefully（Be后接形容词；修饰walk用副词）
quiet（keep后接形容词）
happily（修饰dancing，happy → happily）
really（修饰nice，real → really）
heavily（修饰snowed，heavy → heavily）
beautiful; beautifully（形容词修饰girl；副词修饰dances）
badly（修饰sings，bad → badly）
三、单项选择
B. heavily（修饰动词raining，表示“下大雨”）
C. high（形副同形，修饰is flying）
B. excited; excitedly（形容词修饰boy；副词修饰laughing）
C. sadly; happy（副词修饰cried；形容词作表语）
A. friendly（形容词作表语，注意friendly以-ly结尾但仍是形容词）
B. slowly（副词修饰walked）
C. sadly（副词修饰asked，表示“伤心地问”）
A. angry; angrily（形容词作表语；副词修饰shouted）
A. easy; easily（形容词修饰question；副词修饰do）
B. well（do well是固定搭配）
四、短文填空
early（形副同形，修饰arrived）
carefully（修饰lined up，careful → carefully）
said; slowly; follow（said为过去式；slowly修饰walk；follow规则）
fast（形副同形，修饰ran）
happily（修饰cheered，happy → happily）
slipped; fell; bravely（过去式slipped和fell；brave → bravely）
heavily（修饰raining，heavy → heavily）
loudly; quietly（修饰shouted和go back）
excitedly（修饰laughed，excited → excitedly）
well（修饰did，good → well）

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