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宾语从句
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 独立完成宾语从句的练习并会运用
问题层级图
目标层级图
一、宾语从句的定义和特征
例：
I love you.
Miss. Li likes music.
They enjoy football.
上面三个句子中的宾语是______ ______ ______
KEYS：you; music; football
我们把像you, music, football这种跟在动词后的成分叫做宾语。
例：
I think that I will pass the exam.
I don’t know if he wants to come to the party.
上面两个句子中的宾语是______ ______
KEYS: I will pass the exam; he wants to come to the party.
我们把以上这种做宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句。而上面两个句子当中的that 和if在其中起了一个连接句子的作用，叫连接词或关系词或引导词。
所以，含宾语从句的句子结构为：_____+ _____+ ______
KEYS：动词+关系词+宾语从句
总结
什么是宾语从句？
宾语从句是在句子中做_____的从句，一般位于______之后。其中连接主句和宾语从句的词叫做_____。
KEYS：宾语；动词；关系词
注意
某些动词后跟双宾语的情况。
例：
He told me that he would go to college the next year.
tell sb. sth. 这时me是tell的间接宾语，而后面that引导的句子则是直接宾语，所以也是宾语从句。
常见的后跟双宾语的词有：
tell, give, teach, buy, lend, leave, sell, show, pass, bring.等。
练习
判断下列句子哪些是宾语从句，并划分出句子结构。
1. I want to say that you are so beautiful.
2. I wonder if you are free this weekend.
3. This is the book which I am looking for.
4. I like to eat apples because it’s good for my health.
5. I don’t know who he is.
6. They haven’t got any dictionaries that we need.
KEYS:1; 2; 5
第一个：say+ that+ 宾从（you are so beautiful）
第二个：wonder+ if+ 宾从(you are free this weekend)
第三个：know+ who+ 宾从(who he is)
二、关系词的选取以及语序的判断
例：
1. I want to say that you are so beautiful.
2. He wonders if you are free this weekend.
3. I don’t know whether he comes to the party or not.
4. We don’t know who he is.
5. The students don’t understand what their teacher says.
6. Can you tell me when you will set off
由以上得出，定语从句的关系词都有______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 等。
KEYS: that; if; whether; who; what; when.
第一个例句：I want to say that you are so beautiful.
=You are so beautiful. I want to say.
将从句还原回去，从句是一个陈述句。并且that在句中无意义。
第二个例句：He wonders if you are free this weekend.
= Are you free this weekend He wonders.
将从句还原回去，从句是一个一般疑问句。并且if在句中的意义为“是否”。
第三个例句同上。
第四个例句： We don’t know who he is.
= Who is he We don’t know.
将从句还原回去，从句是一个特殊疑问句。并且who 在句中的意义为“谁”。
第五和第六个例句同上。
小结
关系词的分类：
陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句
that(无意义) if/whether(是否) what, who, whose, when, where, why, how… (关系词本身的意义)
并且，无论以上例句还原后是陈述句还是疑问句，用作宾语从句时都是______语序。
KEYS: 陈述
拓展
1. that引导宾语从句时可以省略。
2. if/whether的区别
例：
We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
Could you tell me whether you go or not
He can’t decide whether to accept or refuse.
Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.
所以，只用whether不用if的几种情况：
a. 当从句做介词的宾语时
b. 与or not 连用时
c. 与不定式连用时
d. 当宾语从句移至句首时
练习
用适当的关系词填空。
1. Can you tell me ______ they did yesterday.
2. I don’t know ______ the coat is cheap enough or not.
3. Do you know ______ he is. Someone is looking for him.
4. He told me ______ he would go to London the next day.
5. Do you know ______ pen it is
KEYS:
1. what; 2. whether; 3. where; 4. that/省略; 5. whose
判断下列关系词和语序是否使用正确，如果错误请改正。
1. He told me what it is true.
2. My mother believed what I said.
3. I don’t know whether will he come or not.
4. I think that he is a good student.
5. Could you tell me that are you angry
KEYS:
1. 关系词错误，that/省略；语序正确。
2. 关系词正确；语序正确。
3. 关系词正确；语序错误，whether he will come or not.
4. 关系词正确; 语序正确。
5. 关系词错误，why；语序错误，you are angry.
将下列句子合并成带有宾语从句的复合句。
1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He knows.
2. Who cleaned the table Please find out.
3. Can they speak French I want to know.
4. Why is the train late Can you tell me
5. The things he said. I believe.
KEYS:
1. He knows that/省略 these flowers are from Guangdong.
2. Please find out who cleaned the table.
3. I want to know if/whether they can speak French.
4. Can you tell me why the train is late.
5. I believe what he said./ I believe that/省略 the things he said.
三、时态判断
对比下列几组例句：
1. I don’t think that I can make the tasty zongzi.
I didn’t think that I could make the tasty zongzi.
2. I think that they are enjoying themselves in the game.
I thought that they were enjoying themselves in the game.
3. I know that nobody have passed the exam.
I knew that nobody had passed the exam.
小结
主句为______，宾语从句根据句子需要用______。
主句为______，宾语从句用______。
KEYS: 一般现在时；任意时态；一般过去时；过去相关的某种时态。
例：
Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.（rise）
KEYS：rises
总结
当从句表示客观事实或真理时，永远用一般现在时。
主句 从句
一般现在时 任意时态
一般过去时 过去的某种时态（客观事实或真理除外）
练习
判断下列句子的时态有没有错误，如有错误请改正。
1. The map will show you where is the Summer Palace.
2. He asked me who tells me the accident.
3. I hardly understand what he has told me.
4. Can you tell me where were you born, Betty
5. The students want to know whether they had dictation today.
KEYS: 1.正确；2.错误，who told me the accident；3.正确；4.正确； 5.错误，whether they will have dictation today.
选择题。
1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
3. Please tell me _____ last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
4. Can you tell me what ______ next Sunday
A. will they do B. they would do
C. would they do D. they will do
5. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
6. He said that light ______ much faster than sound.
A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling
KEYS: ABDDAC
四、独立完成宾语从句的练习并会运用
例：
--Did you know _____
-- He was ill in hospital.
A. why he doesn’t come to school B. why he didn’t come to school
C. when he came to school D. who did he come to school with
首先我们可以根据宾语从句要用陈述语序这一规则排除掉D选项，然后根据主句是一般过去时从句要用过去相关的时态这一原则排除掉A选项，最后根据句意“为什么”选取关系词 “why”.排除C选项。答案为B.
小结
宾语从句练习的解题步骤：
1. 划分宾语从句部分，根据陈述语序排除选项
2. 根据句意确定需要的关系词
3. 结合时态选出正确的答案
综合运用
选择题：
1. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
2. The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
3. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled
4. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that
5. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
6. I hardly understand ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
7. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be
C. he will be
8. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
KEYS: DCCCB BAA
翻译
1. 老师想知道他为什么上学迟到了。
_______________________________
2. 我认为我父母的建议是很重要的。
_______________________________
3. 他告诉我他昨天正在玩电脑游戏。
_______________________________
4. 他不知道爷爷是否喜欢那份礼物。
_______________________________
5. 你知道妈妈什么时候离开的吗？
_______________________________
6. 请告诉我谁打碎了玻璃。
_______________________________
7. 学生们知道他们应该努力学习。
_______________________________
8. 地理老师说地球围绕太阳转动。
_______________________________
KEYS:
1. The teacher wanted to know why he came to school late.
2. I think that/省略 my parents’ advice is important.
3. He told me that he was playing computer games yesterday.
4. He didn’t know whether/if his grandfather loved the gift.
5. Do you know when mother left here
6. Please tell me who broke the glass.
7.The students know that/省略 they should study hard.
8. The geography teacher said that/省略 the earth goes round the sun.

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